Chicago  Fire  Semi-Centennial  Celebration  Issue 

CHICAGO 
COMMERCE 

• 

Published  Weekly  by 
THE  CHICAGO  ASSOCIATION  of  COMMERCE 


Saturday,  October  1, 1921 


Price  25  Cents 


Book  and  Program  of  the  Festival  Play 


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~ 


1  ^ 


The  goal  of  every  ambitious  man  and  firm 
is  typified  in  the  rapid  growth  of  the  Jahn 
&  Oilier  Eneravitig  Company — the  universal 
esteem  in  which  their  art  and  plates  are  held 
by  the  large  national  advertisers — and  the 
enviable  reputation  for  prompt  deliveries 
which  they  enjoy.  \ 

The  mission  ofzu.  advertising  illustrations 
is  to  produce  sales  and  the  growth  of  this 
firm  has  been  measured  by  the  success  its 
customers  have  had  in  obtaining  new  busi- 
ness thru  using  "JKO  picture  salesmen." 
Thirty  thousand  square  feet  of  floor  space 
(4  floors)  and  over  two  hundred  and  fifty 
skilled  employees  are  required  to  meet  the 
constant  demand  for  "J&O"  commercial 
photographs,  art,  color  process  plates  and 
photo  engraving  (one  complete  floor  is  de- 
voted to  color  process  work). 

Intelligent  supervision  of  all  work  by  many 
skillful  office  service  men  eliminates  your 
troubles.  Sales  fervice  men  sent  everywhere. 

JAHN  and  OLLIEM  ENGRAVING  Co 

.552  TV&/  cJfftrms  Street 


CHICAGO 

TELEPHONE  MAIN    3R3O 


sKI 


'•^1*. " .  -^j-j**_i>ii* 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


j|nmim:iimiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM i iNiinnmimiiiiNi niiiiiim iiiiiini MiinnwiiininNiiiniii innni ittiniiiiiiNiiiiiiiiNiiiniNiiNniittniniiiiiiiiiiHiNNninNiniinininiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiiiNn^ 

•  I 

Are  Your  Children  Still  Waiting 


for 

The  Book  of  Knowledge? 

The  Greatest  Educational  Help  of  the  Century  for  Children 

It  will  help  them  to  help  themselves.     It  is    written  in   the 
language  that  the  child  understands.       You  don't  have  to 
have  a  Dictionary   in  one  hand   and   an 
Encyclopedia  in  the  other  to  make   any 
subject  in  their  school  work  plain  to  them. 

THE  NATURAL  METHOD  OF 
ACQUIRING  KNOWLEDGE 

Curiosity  is  the  beginning  of  all  knowledge.  Do  you 
know  any  subject  about  which  your  child  has  not  asked 
you  a  dozen  questions?  Let  him  ask  as  many  as  he 
likes,  and  be  sure  to  answer  them  correctly.  It  is  your 
plain  duty  to  answer  the  child's  questions  or  give  him 
the  means  of  finding  the  reply  himself.  When  a  child's 
curiosity  voluntarily  offers  an  opportunity  to  teach  him 
something  he  will  never  forget,  it  would  be  wrong  to 
let  it  slip.  The  Book  of  Knowledge  was  created  to  sat- 
isfy this  "Divine  Curiosity."  It  answers  every  question 
a  child  can  ask,  clearly  and  in  words  he  understands.  It 
educates  while  it  entertains. 

PREPARATION  THE  KEY  TO  SUCCESS 

In  round  numbers,  your  child's  chances  to  become  successful  if  uneducated  is  one  chance  out  of  150,000;  with  a 
common  school  education,  4  chances ;  with  a  high  school  education,  87  chances  ;  with  a  college  education,  800 
chances ;  with  The  Book  of  Knowledge,  every  chance.  With  this  wonderful  work  to  study,  a  child  is  able  to 
gain  a  working  knowledge  of  the  world — the  earth,  the  air,  the  sea  and  the  works  of  men.  The  whole  wonderful 
world  is  brought  within  reach  of  his  mind.  In  over  700,000  homes  today  more  than  two  million  children  are 
being  educated  and  prepared  for  the  future  with  The  Book  of  Knowledge.  Give  your  child  his  chance  to  com- 
pete with  them. 

Fifteen  thousand  of  Chicago's  enterprising  citizens  have  been  guided  by  the  opinion  of  our  leading  educators 
who  have  endorsed  THE  BOOK  OF  KNOWLEDGE  and  who  have  requested  parents  who  have  children  to  se- 
cure this  set  of  books  so  that  the  children  might  get  the  very  best  out  of  their  school  work.  It  can  be  found  in 
the  homes  of  Bankeis,  Railroad  Officials,  Manufacturers,  Architects,  Lawyers,  Doctors,  Ministers,  City  Officials 
and  men  in  every  walk  of  life.  Is  your  name  among  them  ? 

THE  GIFT  OF  THE  AGES  TO  CHILDHOOD 

Have  you  examined  THE  BOOK  OF  KNOWLEDGE?  If  you  have  not,  send  today  for  our  descriptive  book  con- 
taining 80  pages,  65  illustrations,  and  a  talk  on  the  different  departments  of  THE  BOOK  OF  KNOWLEDGE. 

SATISFY  YOUR  DESIRE  TO  KNOW  BY  MAILING  THE  COUPON  TODAY 

Do  you  know  that  we  have  just  issued  from  our  press  a 
New  Edition  of  THE  BOOK  OF  KNOWLEDGE,  and 
have  added  to  the  10,000  graphic  illustrations  contained 
in  the  previous  edition  hundreds  of  new  illustrations  and 
hundreds  of  pages  of  text  covering  subjects  which  are 
of  the  greatest  interest  to  the  growing  mind  of  the 
child? 

Naturally,  The  Book  of  Knowledge  is  being  copied.  To 
identify  the  real  Book  of  Knokledge,  ask  to  be  shown  the 
Gold  Medal  won  at  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition.  It 
will  insure  you  against  disappointment. 


THE  COUPON 

THE  THOS.  J.  CAIE  CO., 
20  E.  Jackson  Blvd.,  Chicago,   III. 

Please   mail   descriptive   book  containing  80  p 
lions,  and  a  talk  on   the  different  departments  of 
KNOWLEDGE,    explaining    the    use   and    meaning 
is  understood   that   I  incur  no  obligation. 

ages,  65   illustra- 
THE  BOOK  OF 
of   the  work.     It 

City  

C  C  10-1 

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CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


CHICAGO 
COMMERCE 

Published  Weekly 

In    the   Interest    of    Chicago    Industry, 
Trade,  Finance  and  Civic  Welfare 

Editor...  WM.    HUDSON   HARPER 

Managing  Editor JOSEPH  M.  SHEAHAN 

Advertising  Manager MERLE  B.   SNYDER 

Office:    10  S.  La  Salle  St.,  Room  601 
Telephone  Main  4808 


INDEX  TO  ADVERTISERS 


Advertising  rates  on  application.    Subscription 
rates,  $2.00   a  year.      Single   copies,    15   cents. 

Chicago,  Saturday,  October  I,  1921 
Vol.  XVI 1,  No.  28 

Entered  as  second-class  matter,  September  1,  1911, 
at  the  postoffice  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  under  the  act  of 
March  3,  1879.  Copyright,  1921,  by  The  Chicago  Asso- 
ciation of  Commerce,  10  South  La  Salle  street. 

CONTENTS 

Semi-Centennial  Dedication  Tomorrow..   11 

Chicago  Flag  Explained 12 

Beginnings  in   Chicago 12 

Festival  Play  Program 13 

Book  of  the  Festival  Play 15 

Dr.  Eaton  Discusses  Wage  Problem 23 

Safety  Week  Campaign  News 24 

Weekly  Business  Review 25 

Salvation  Army  Drive 26 

Sunday  Evening  Club 26 

Joliet   Chamber   Plays   Host 26 

How  Business  Has  Made  Chicago 31 

How  Business  Rallied  After  Fire 35 

Chicago  Book  Is  Festival  Event 38 

Buckley  Talks  to  Ad.  Men 41 

Committee  Meetings 49 

What  Colombia  Needs 50 

England's  Oil  Problem 51 

Commerce  and  Finance 

Speaks  for  Federal  Reserve 52 

Japan's  Candy  Trade 54 

Gen.  Davis  Talks  to  Loan  Experts ...  55 

Grain  Men   Meet  Monday 56 

Dun's  Chicago  Trade  Review 57 

Credit  Barometer 58 

Postal  Notice 59 

World  Cereal  Crop  Estimates 60 

Rate  Announcements  61 

Chicago  Convention  News 62 

World  Trade 

Near  East's  Commerce 64 

Trade  Tips 65 

Chicago  Industrial  News 

Craig  Discusses  Landis  Awards 66 

Industrial  Building  News •. 67 

Ad.  Council  Notes 68 

To  Take  Highway  Census 69 

British  Ships  on  Canal 70 

California  Urged  to  Make  Silk 71 

Oddities  in  Palestine 72 

THE  CHICAGO   ASSOCIATION  OF  COMMERCE 


OFFICERS 

JOSEPH  R.  NOEL 
President 

ABEL  DAVIS 
Vice-President 

JOHN  P.  HOVLAND 
Vice-President,  Inter- 
state   and     Foreign 
Trade  Division 

JUDSON  F.  STONE 
Vice-President,   Civic 
Industrial  Division 

A.  K.  BONE 

Vice-President,  Local 
Division 

A.  C.  CRONKRITE 
General  Secretary 

ALBERT  W.  HARRIS 
General  Treasurer 


Compiled  for  the  Assistance  of  Chicago  Commerce   Readers 


All  advertisers  listed  below  are  members  of  The  Chicago  Association  of  Commerce 
and,  as  such,  have  furnished  satisfactory  business  references  before  being  passed  by  both 
the  Membership  and  Executive  Committees.  They  are  reliable. 


OFFICIAL  STAFF 

ROBERT  B.  BEACH 
Business  Manager 

C.  W.  JUDD 

Assistant  Business 
Manager 

W.  L.  WARE 

Trade  Commissioner 

JOHN   F.   BOWMAN 
Manager,   Bureau  of 
Conventions 

HENRY  STEWART 
Director  Public  Wei- 
fare 

L.  A.   DUMOND 
Manager    Industrial 
Department 

H.  C.  BARLOW 
Traffic  Director 


Page 
ADVERTISING— DIRECT-BY-MAIL 

Kuhl  &Bent  Co...  7 


AMUSEMENTS 

Fantasia    Corporation 

BANDS  AND  ORCHESTRAS 

Benson,   Edgar  A 


49 


48 


BANKS 

Central  Trust   Co 51 

Chicago   Trust    Co 57 

Corn  Exchange  National  Bank 65 

First  National  Bank 65 

Fort   Dearborn  National  Bank 4 

Merchants  Loan  &  Trust  Co 59 

Reliance  State   Bank 32 


BONDS  AND  MORTGAGES 

Ritchie   Bond   &   Mortgage   Co. 


Page 
LUMBER 

Hettler,  Herman  H.  Lumber  Co 72 

Hines,  Edward  Lumber  Co 71 

Sterling  Lumber  &  Supply  Co 67 

MILLWORK 

Anderson   &  Lind   Manufacturing  Co...  42 

NEWSPAPER 

Daily  News,  The Outside  Back  Cover 

OFFICE  APPLIANCES 

Office    Economies   Co 57 

OFFICE  FURNITURE  &  SUPPLIES 

Globe-Wernicke   Co.,  The 68 

OILS 

Standard  Oil  Co .  69 


BONDS,  STOCKS  &  NOTES 

Burnham,  John  &  Co 

Hanchett    Bond   Co 


BUREAU  OF  ANALYSIS 

National   Bureau   of   Analysis. 


56 

56 
56 

63 


CABINET  WORK 

Baumann,  F.  O.  Mfg.  Co 55 

COAL  AND  COKE 

Fort  Dearborn  Coal  Co 71 

COMMERCIAL  PAPER 

Christian   &  Parsons  Co 56 


CONTRACTORS  AND  BUILDERS 

Mueller  Construction   Co 72 

COOPERAGE 

Hollingshead,  J.  D.  Co 55 

COURT  &  CONVENTION  REPORTER 

Walsh,  Edward  J 63 

ELECTRIC  LIGHT  AND  POWER 

Commonwealth    Edison   Co 70 


EMPLOYMENT   SERVICE 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Employment  Service. 


63 


ENGRAVERS  AND  DESIGNERS 

Barnes-Crosby    Co 8 

Hawtin  Co.,  The 27 

Jahn  &  Oilier  Engraving  Co 

Inside  Front  Cover 


ENVELOPES 

Bourke-Rice  Envelope  Co 

FURNITURE  PACKING 

Central  Furniture  Packing  Co. 


61 


69 


HOTELS 

Congress  Hotel  &  Annex 5 

Morrison  Hotel   6 

INDUSTRIAL   ENGINEERS 

Arison-Goodwin   &   Associates 54 


PAPER 

Bargain  Paper  House,  Inc 60 

Berkshire  Co.,  The 57 

Berkshire  Co.,  The , 71 

PAPER    BOX    MANUFACTURERS 

Sef ton  Mfg.  Corporation 43 

PARTITIONS,  TABLES  AND  LUNCH 
COUNTERS 

Vitrolite   Co.,  The 30 

PATENT  ATTORNEY 

Potts,  Joshua  R.  H 


INSURANCE— GENERAL 

Critchell,  Miller,  Whitney  &  Barbour..  33 

Haskell,  Miller,  Grossman  &  Co 53 

Marsh   &   McLennan 60 

Moore,  Case,  Lyman   &  Hubbard 59 

INSURANCE— LIFE 

Illinois  Life  Insurance  Co 9 

Illinois  Life  Insurance  Co 65 

LITHOGRAPHERS 

Edwards  &  Deutsch  Lithographing  Co..  39 
Goes  Lithographing  Co 58 


65 


PRINTERS,    DESIGNERS    AND     EN- 
GRAVERS 

Burnett,  Marion  S 47 

PRINTERS  AND  BINDERS 

Blakely  Printing  Co 3 

Excelsior   Printing   Co 36-37 

Printing  Products   Corporation 

Inside   Back  Cover 

PRINTERS  AND   ENGRAVERS 

Central  Printing  &  Engraving  Co 61 

PUBLIC  ACCOUNTANTS 

Hilton,  W.  P.  &  Co 54 

Mason,  Wm.  E.  Jr.   &  Co 58 

PUBLISHERS 

Caie,  Thos.  J.  Co.  of  111.,  The. ..:......     1 

RAILWAY 

Canadian   Pacific  Railway 68 

RAILWAY— INTERURBAN 

Chicago  North  Shore  &  Milwaukee  R.  R.  10 

REAL  ESTATE  INVESTMENTS 

Sexton,  P.  J • 57 

Sexton,  P.  J 69 

STORAGE— MERCHANDISE 

Crooks   Terminal  Warehouses 40 

Western  Warehousing  Co 45 

TELEPHONE 

Illinois   Bell  Telephone  Co 70 


TYPESETTING    &    ELECTROTYPING 

Central  Typesetting  &  Electrotyping  Co.  29 

TYPEWRITTEN  LETTERS 

Actual  Typewritten  Letter  Co.,  Inc .   53 

UPHOLSTERY    GOODS    AND    TRIM- 
MINGS 

Mansure,  E.  L.  Company 69 

WIRE  AND  WIRE  ROPE 

Williamsport  Wire  Rcfpe  Co 34 


October  1,  1921]  C H I  C  A  GO    C  O  M  M E RC E 


Si£ 

m 


In  1871  The  ^lakely  ^Printing (Company 

were  doing  much  ^Printingwell.  In  1921 
they  are  doing  more  Printing  better  s>S> 

The  fact  that  some  names  on  their  bool(s  in  the 
early  days  of  the  New  Chicago  are  still  active 
accounts  would  seem  to  indicate  a  degree  of 
confidence  worthy  of  consideration.  Confidence, 
they  believe,  is  the  fruit  of  reliable  service.  You 
may  have  read  an  expression  they  use,  "We  do 
more  than  Print — We  Serve."  Let  it  be  known 
this  is  not  merely  a  slogan — /'/  is  an  actual  fact, 
as  many  Publishers  and  Printing  Buyers  during 
fifty  years  of  continuous  service  will  attest. 


418  South  Market  Street 

Wabash     Nine     One     Two 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Industrial,  Statistical,  Educational 
and  Foreign  Service 


Service  —  A  distinct  and  definite  service  is  being  rendered  the  industries 
of  Chicago  through  the  industrial  and  statistical  data  which  the  Fort  Dearborn  Banks 
compile  and  publish  throughout  the  year.  Great  care  is  taken  to  secure  the  most 
authoritative  figures,  heretofore  in  many  lines  so  difficult  to  obtain.  This  data  is  pub- 
lished in  a  series  of  illustrated  articles  in  the  Fort  Dearborn  Magazine,  and  in  industrial 
advertisements  in  the  Chicago  dailies,  which  later  are.  supplemented  by  special  bulletins 
which  go  more  exhaustively  into  each  subject. 

Educational  Department  —  Educational  tours  for  students  of  grammar  grades, 
high  schools  and  business  colleges,  in  parties  of  twenty  -five  each,  are  conducted  through 
the  Fort  Dearborn  Banks.  One  thousand  visitors  have  made  these  tours  in  the  last 
few  months.  Articles  on  the  history  of  Chicago  and  Chicago  industries  in  the  Fort 
Dearborn  Magazine  are  used  in  many  schools  as  supplementary  reading.  Also  speakers 
on  various  phases  of  banking  are  furnished  high  schools,  conventions,  and  other 
gatherings  on  request. 

The  Fort  Dearborn  Magazine  —  (32  pages  and  three  color  cover)  is  published 
by  the  Fort  Dearborn  Banks  to  render  a  definite  service  in  the  upbuilding  of  Greater 
Chicago  ;  to  help  promote  habits  of  thrift,  and  to  identify  the  Fort  Dearborn  Banks  with 
Chicago  industry  and  progress.  It  is  free  to  all  who  write  or  call  for  it. 

Foreign  Trade  Service  —  Chicago,  as  the  gateway  to  the  Mississippi  Valley  and 
destined  to  become  a  seaport,  is  vitally  interested  in  Foreign  Trade.  The  Fort  Dearborn 
Bank  is  constantly  expanding  its  Foreign  Trade  service  under  the  direction  of  Edw.  N. 
Heinz,  vice  president  in  charge  of  the  Foreign  Department.  This  bank  has  direct 
connection  with  all  the  important  financial  centers  of  the  world.  Its  service  to  both 
importers  and  exporters  is  unexcelled. 

Fort  Dearborn  National  Bank 

Serving  all  lines  of  Industry 

Corner  Clark  and  Monroe 


October  1,  1921~\ 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


THE 

NEW  CHICAGO 
1871-1921 


THE  CONGRESS 

HAND  IN  HAND  WITH 

CHICAGO'S  PROGRESS 


HE  World's  Columbian  Ex 
position,  held  in -Chicago,  in 
1893,  showed  the  world  how 
nobly  Chicago,  in  twenty-two  short 
years,  had  regained  her  position 
among  the  cities  of  the  world. 

Another  notable  event  of  that  year 
was  the  opening  of  The  Congress, 
an  institution  whose  progress  since 
that  time  has  been  hand  in  hand 
with  Chicago's  advancement.  The 
Congress  has  established  for  itself 
the  same  name  among  the  great 
hotels  of  the  world  that  Chicago  has 
among  the  cities. 

CONGRESS   HOTEL 

and  ANNEX 


President 


MICHIGAN  AVENUE  at  CONGRESS  STREET 


THE  CONGRESS 
1893-1921 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Ill 


MORRISON  HOTEL 

"The  Hotel  of  Perfect  Service" 

Clark  and  Madison  Streets          Chicago 
Personal  Direction  of  Harry  C.  Moir 


WHEN  ARRANGING  YOUR 

Conventions,  Banquets 
Luncheons,  Dinners 


Please  keep  in  mind  THE  CAMEO  ROOM  which  is  recognized  as  the  largest  and  most  beautiful 
Banquet  Hall  and  Convention  Room  in  Chicago,  though  only  one  of  many  available  to  you  at 
The  Morrison  Hotel.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  1,400  persons ;  purified  circulating  air,  perfect 
lighting  system,  and  private  elevator  service.  Neither  crowding  nor  delays. 

Over  1,000  Rooms  with  Bath. 
All  Delegates  Can  Live  Under  One  Roof. 


TERRACE  GARDEN 

"America's  Most  Wonderful  Restaurant' 

Ice  Skating  by  the  World's  Greatest  Skaters 
Vaudeville  Features  and  DANCING  around  the  Ice 


The  most  popular  Dance  Floor  in  Chicago" 


October  1,  19211 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


Now  for  the  big  drive  after 
that  hidden  business! 


using  the  postage  stamp 
to  bring  home  the  bacon 


There's  business  to  be  had  right  now — and  good 
business — 

— for  the  man  who  uses  the  mails — to  carry  a  real 
message — 

— a  message  that  sings! 

— a  message  that  tells  them  of 
something  worth  while — 

— at  a  price! 

We  challenge  you! 

We'll  write  your  message — and  if  it  doesn't 
appeal  to  you,  throw  it  in  the  waste  basket  and 
forget  it. 

If  it  does  appeal — we'll  print  your  mes- 
sage— process  your  letters — fill-in  the  addresses- 
address  your  envelopes  —  fold,  enclose,  seal, 
stamp  and  mail. 

Brains  to  Letterbox! 

If  you  haven't  a  list  of  real  prospects — we'll 
furnish  that  too. 

Try  us— Main  1451-1452-1453-1454 


WE    PLAN,    WRITE. 
PRINT   AND    MAIL 

LETTERS, 

BROADSI  DES. 
FOLDERS,  BOOKLETS 


Kuhl  &  Bent  Company 

DIRECT  MAIL  ADVERTISING 

KUHL    BUILDING       -       MARKET    AT    WASHINGTON       -       CHICAGO 


MAILING  LISTS 
FOLDING 
ADDRESSING 
MAILING 
PHONE.  MAIN  Mil 


CHIC  A  (10     COM  M  KKC  K 


[Saturday 


u. 


weaf  Bbsferpieces 


of  oUleu  times  had  their  inv.v-ptivn  .nul  voiu-liisioix  in  the  priv.K'v  ot  (ho 
studio.  Painted  tor  the  tew  whose  purse  and  taste  enabled  their  .u-quisituMv, 
thev  were  generally  rennwed  to  the  seclusion  ot  some  L'haieau  \\here  their 
beauty  and  xvoildert'ul  cratisnianship  were  lost  to  the  people. 

loday.  thanks  (o  the  arts  of  Photography  and  1  n^rav  in^,  pictures  are 
the  possession  of  no  man,  but  a  source  of  pleasure  and  enlightenment  to 
all.  Art  has  come  as  a  hetald,  a  beautitier  of  the  printed  pai;e.  a  messenger 
to  all  that  commerce  has  to  offer. 

At  Number  22b  \Vc-.t  Madison  Street.  Chicago,  there  i^  an  or«-ani:ation 
\\here  Painting,  Photography  and  Fn^ra\  itvj;  work  together  under  one 
roof.  Under  these  conditions,  co-operation  and  mutual  understanding 
are  obvious,  resulting,  plus  exceptional  individual  talent,  in  a  more  than 
exceptional  product. 


BARNES-CROSBY  COMPANY,  Chica-o 


t.  \V.  IKn.^-r. 

--/rt  Stutlivs  V 

West  Madison  Street 


"Phvtv  £ngra 

leleplunu-  Main 


October  1,  1921] 


C  II I  C  A  G  O     C  OM  M  K  It  C  K 


Is  There  A  Mortgage 
—  On  Your  Home? 


— you  men  who  have  mortgaged  may  have  signed 
away  your  family's  "right  to  be  happy. '  Legal  obli- 
gations descend,  you  know.  There's  that  little  clause 
about  "heirs  and  assigns"  that  isn't  to  be  forgotten  for 
an  instant. 

If  youVe  had  to  mortgage  your  home  or  put  up  your 
"collateral,"  your  estate  isn't  apt  to  come  through  pro- 
bate in  very  good  shape — there  may  be  something  left 
and  there  may  be  less  than  nothing.  It's  all  very 
probable  you  know-j-the  very  existence  of  the  mort- 
gage or  the  note  indicates  the  possibility.  Vour  fam- 
ily may  pull  through  all  right — it's  possible  enough, 
but  how  probable  is  it? 

And  yet  you  can  guarantee  their  prosperity — certify 
their  happiness.  Insure!  Now!  Don't  wait!  Protect 
your  wife — make  it  possible  for  her  to  "raise  that 
mortgage.'  You'll  leave  a  better  name  if  you  do — 
there'll  be  reason  to  respect  you  instead  of  grounds  to 
reproach  you, 

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STCVEMS, 


10  CHIC  AGO     COM  MERGE  [Saturday 

NORTH  SHORE  TRAINS 

BETWEEN 

CHICAGO    AND    MILWAUKEE 

60  Trains  Daily 
72  Trains  Saturday 
88  Trains  Sunday 

Trains  leave  Chicago  Terminal  every  hour  on  the  hour, 

from  5:00  A.  M.  to  Midnight 


144  TRAINS  DAILY 

BETWEEN 

CHICAGO  AND  WAUKEGAN 


DINING  CARS 

Leave  Chicago  7:15  A.  M.,  12:00  noon,  4:45  P.  M. 

******************** 

BAGGAGE 

BAGGAGE  CHECKED  FROM  YOUR  RESIDENCE,  OFFICE  OR  HOTEL  IN  CHICAGO 
TO  LIKE  DESTINATION  IN  MILWAUKEE  WITHOUT  RECHECKING 

For  Full  Particulars 
Apply  to 

CHICAGO  NORTH  SHORE  &  MILWAUKEE  R.  R. 

Chicago  Passenger  Station, 
209  So.  Wabash  Ave. 
Phone  Harrison  6478 


CHICAGO,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  1,  1921 


Semi  -  Centennial  Dedication  Tomorrow 

Impressive  Ceremonies  Will  Mark  Dedication   of 
Lake  Front  Stadium,  Scene  of  Great  Festival  Play 


The  event  on  which  practically  all  the  re- 
sources of  the  Association  of  Commerce 
have  been  concentrated  for  the  past  six 
weeks — the  celebration  of  the  semi-centen- 
nial of  the  Chicago  Fire — will  be  formally 
opened  tomorrow  with  the  dedication  of 
the  new  stadium  in  Grant  Park  at  the  foot 
of  Van  Buren  street. 

The  stadium  is  to  be  the  scene  of  the 
festival  play  of  Chicago's  history  which  is 
the  main  feature  of  the  whole  celebration, 
but  tomorrow's  program  is  of  a  more  sol- 
emn, semi-religious  character,  in  which  the 
underlying  purpose  of  the  celebration,  the 
awakening  of  Chicago's  civic  conscience,  will 
be  emphasized. 

Mayor  Wijliam  Hale  Thompson  is  ex- 
pected to  deliver  the  principal  address,  and 
President  Joseph  R.  Noel  of  the  Associa- 
tion of  Commerce  will  preside.  The  pro- 
gram, as  tentatively  agreed  upon  by  the 
special  program  committee,  of  which  A.  R. 
Bone  is  chairman,  is  as  follows: 

Concert — The  Chicago  Band,  William 
Weil,  conductor. 

Introductory  remarks  —  President 
Noel. 

Opening  Song,  "America" — Festival 
Play  orchestra  and  chorus. 

Invocation — Rt.  Rev.  Samuel  Fallows, 
D.  D. 

Address — Mayor    Thompson. 
Address — Donald  Robertson,   Festival 
Play  master. 

Addresses  by  church  representatives — 
Rev.  John  Timothy  Stone,  Archbishop 
George  W.  Mundelein,  Rabbi  Joseph 
Stolz. 

Closing  Song,  "Star-Spangled  Banner" 
— Festival  Play  orchestra  and  chorus. 

President  Harding's  Proclamation 

National  importance  was  given  the  semi- 
centennial period  when  President  Harding 
on  Tuesday  issued  a  proclamation  request- 
ing governors  of  all  the  states  to  designate 
Monday,  Oct.  10,  as  Fire  Prevention  Day. 
His  proclamation  follows: 

"Whereas,  the  United  States  suffers 
through  the  action  of  fire  an  annual  loss  of 
life  estimated  at  15,000  human  beings,  most 
of  them  women  and  children,  and 

"Whereas,  in  the  face  of  the  world's  dire 
need  for  American  products,  our  fire  losses 
increased  during  1920  to  over  $500,000,000, 
and  during  the  previous  five-year  period 
totaled  over  $1,416,875,000,  including  food- 
stuffs and  other  created  wealth  needlessly 
wiped  out  of  existence,  and 

"Whereas,  in  addition  to  the  above  forest 
fires  during  the  five  years  ended  with  1920 
further  reduced  our  diminishing  timber  re- 
sources by  a  total  of  over  $85,000,000,  also 


threatening  with  aridity  over  56,000,000 
acres  of  hitherto  productive  woodlands,  and 
"Whereas,  most  of  our  fire  losses  are 
due  to  carelessness  and  ignorance,  and  may 
be  easily  prevented  by  increased  care  and 
education  on  the  part  of  citizens 

Urges  Educational  Exercises 

"Therefore,    I,   Warren    G.    Harding,   pres- 
ident  of   the    United    States,    do   urge   upon 


Joseph  R.  Noel, 

President,   The   Chicago  Association  of 
Commerce 


the  governors  of  the  various  states  to  des- 
ignate and  set  apart  Oct.  10,  1921,  anniver- 
sary of  the  Chicago  fire,  as  Fire  Prevention 
day,  with  these  principal  objects  in  view,  to 
wit: 

"To  request  the  citizens  of  their  states  to 
plan  for  that  day  and  period,  through  pul- 
pit, through  forum  and  through  the  schools, 
such  instructive  and  educational  exercises 
as  shall  impress  the  public  mind  with  the 


calamitous  effects  and  threatened  economic 
disaster  of  such  unnecessary  fire  waste. 

"To  urge,  as  an  everyday  duty  of  citizen- 
ship, individual  and  collective  efforts  in  con- 
serving our  country's  natural  and  created  re- 
sources, and 

"To  promote  systematic  instruction  in 
fire  prevention  in  our  schools,  constant  ob- 
servance of  the  ordinary  precautions  that 
safeguard  us  from  fires,  and  an  orderliness 
in  home  and  community  that  we  may  over- 
come this  lurking  peril. 

"Fire  is  a  danger  that  never  sleeps." 

Plans  for  Play  Complete 

Plans  for  the  festival  play  are  completed. 
The  task  of  assembling  a  cast  of  2,500  per- 
sons has  been  successfully  accomplished 
under  the  direction  of  Donald  Robertson, 
playmaster,  and  a  cast  committee  headed  by 
Angus  S.  Hibbard.  Rehearsals  have  been 
held  nightly  for  the  past  three  weeks,  and 
Mr.  Robertson  gives  his  personal  assurance 
that  the  actors  are  better  drilled  than  in 
any  amateur  production  with  which  he  has 
previously  been  interested. 

Some  remarkable  talent  has  been  discov- 
ered by  Mr.  Robertson  among  the  young 
people  who  take  part.  Many  of  them  have 
had  some  dramatic  experience  in  the  settle- 
ment house  and  industrial  dramatic  clubs, 
and  have  adapted  themselves  readily  to  the 
necessities  of  the  festival  play. 

Mrs.  Annabelle  Whitford  Buchan.  famous 
as  the  original  "Gibson  Girl"  and  "Brinkley 
Girl"  of  Ziegfeld's  Follies  of  several  years 
ago.  will  be  seen  in  the  World's  Fair  scene 
as  French's  "Statue  of  the  Republic,"  one 
of  the  crowning  beauties  of  the  wonderful 
Court  of  Honor  at  the  fair,  and  which  is  still 
standing  in  Jackson  Park.  Mrs.  Buchan's 
statuesque  beauty  lends  itself  remarkably 
to  the  setting  for  the  statue,  and  her  pro- 
fessional success  is  a  guarantee  of  her  abil- 
ity. 

Many  Organizations  Assist 

The  North  Shore  Players,  a  group  of 
young  people  from  the  northern  suburbs, 
will  participate  as  an  entirety  in  one  of  the 
scenes.  Miss  Gloria  Chandler,  daughter  of 
Homer  W.  Chandler  of  Glenview  Club  and 
5479  Hyde  Park  boulevard,  who  has  been 
for  several  seasons  with  the  Grace  Hickox 
Studio  Players  and  with  various  Little 
Theatre  and  other  organizations,  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  North  Shore  Players. 

Armour  and  Co.,  Rothschild  and  Co., 
the  Northwestern  Univers'ty  Settlement, 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Company.  First 
Illinois  Artillery,  St.  Tsnatius  College, 
American  Legion,  United  Spanish  War  Vet- 
(Continucd  on  fxage  28) 


12 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Explains  Symbolism  of  the  Chicago  Municipal  Flag 


HOW  WE  BEGAN 

IN 
CHICAGO 

POPULATION 

In  1 833  Chicago  had  a  population 
of  350  people;  in  1834  the  first  frame 
house  was  built  in  Chicago  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Dearborn  and  Water  streets. 

SCHOOLS 

The  first  regular  school  in  Chicago 
was  opened  in  1 833  at  the  corner  of 
South  Water  and  Franklin  streets  with 
about  thirty  pupils. 

TRADE  AND 
MANUFACTURES 

The  first  wholesale  establishment 
was  opened  in  1844  when  William 
Blair  began  the  hardware  business. 

The  following  year  Hamilton  and 
Day  opened  the  first  wholesale  dry 
goods  house. 

In  1847  a  second  dry  goods  store 
was  opened  by  Wadsworth  and 
Cooley. 

In  1 85 1  C.  M.  Henderson  began 
the  wholesale  boot  and  shoe  business. 

In  1858  there  were  132  wholesale 
houses  in  Chicago. 

LIVE  STOCK 

The  Union  Stock  Yards  was  opened 
in  1865  and  in  that  year  the  total 
receipts  were  613  cattle,  1  7,764  hogs 
and  1,434  sheep,  a  total  of  19.810 
head  of  stock  for  the  year. 

BUILDINGS 

In  1837  the  following  buildings 
were  in  Chicago: 

Warehouses 4 

Dwellings    398 

Dry  Goods  Stores 29 

Hardware   Stores 5 

Drug   Stores 5 

Grocery   Stores 19 

Hotels 10 

Churches 5 

RAILROADS 

October  1 5,  1 848,  the  first  railroad 
train  left  Chicago  and  ran  to  the  Des- 
plaines  River.  January,  1850,  the 
road  was  built  to  Elgin,  a  distance  of 
40  miles. 


DUST  EXPLOSIONS 

"Dust  Explosions  in  Various  Lines  of 
American  Industries"  will  be  discussed  by 
D.  J.  Price,  U.  S.  Engineer  in  charge  of 
grain  dust  explosion  investigations,  at  a 
meeting  next  Monday  in  room  1735  Monad- 
nock  Block.  The  meeting  will  be  held  by 
the  American  Institute  of  Electrical  En- 
gineers jointly  with  the  Western  Society  of 
Engineers. 


In  answer  to  those  who  have  asked  for 
an  explanation  of  the  symbolism  of  the  Chi- 
cago municipal  flag,  Wallace  Rice,  designer 
of  the  flag,  has  written  the  following: 

The  flag  is  white,  the  composite  of  all  the 
colors,  because  Chicago's  population  is  a 
composite  of  all  the  nations.  The  white  is 
divided  into  three  parts,  the  uppermost  sig- 
nifying the  North  Side,  the  larger  middle 
bar  the  great  West  Side,  and  the  lowermost 
the  South  Side.  The  two  stripes  of  blue 
signify  primarily  Lake  Michigan  and  the 
North  branch  of  the  Chicago  river  above, 
bounding  the  North  Side,  and  the  South 
branch  of  the  river  and  the  great  canal  be- 
low. 

Chicago  is  the  metropolis  of  Illinois,  and 
the  two  blue  stripes  represent  the  Illinois 
stripe  in  the  state  centennial  banner,  dou- 
bled to  indicate  this  supremacy  and  com- 
memorating the  services  of  the  city  during 
the  civil  war. 

_  On  the  broad  white  middle  bar  are  two 
six-pointed  stars — five-pointed  stars  in  the 
language  of  flags  standing  for  sovereign 
states.  That  nearest  the  staff  symbolizes 
the  Chicago  Fire  of  1871,  the  other  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893-3 — 
the  two  great  formative  events  in  local  his- 
tory. 

Each  of  the  points  of  the  stars  also  has 
its  significance.  Those  in  the  fire  star  stand 
for  material  ideals  in  which  Chicago  is 
either  already  preeminent  or  is  seeking  pre- 
eminence— industry,  transportation,  finance, 
commerce,  populousness,  and  salubrity  or 
healthfulness.  Similarly,  those  in  the  fair 
star  stand  for  immaterial  and  spiritual 
ideals — religion,  the  city  being  the  seat  of  a 
Roman  Catholic  archdiocese,  a  Protestant 
Episcopal  diocese,  important  governing 
bodies  in  many  other  denominations,  and  of 
numerous  theological  seminaries,  educa- 
tion, with  several  universities  and  technical 
schools,  innumerable  primary  and  second- 
ary schools,  public,  parochial  and  private, 
and  highly  important  libraries  and  mu- 
seums; esthetics,  testified  to  by  the  plans 
for  the  city  beautiful,  Orchestra  Hall  and 
great  conservatories  of  music,  Art  Institute, 
opera  and  the  art  clubs  and  similar  institu- 
tions; justice,  shown  by  the  juvenile,  morals 
and  domestic  relations  courts,  in  which  this 
city  has  led  the  world;  beneficence,  evinced 
in  social  settlements,  playgrounds  and  in  a 
hundred  other  ways;  and  civism  or  the 
civic  spirit,  which  is  the  animating  force 
behind  all  these,  driving  Chicago  on  to  the 
fulfillment  of  its  high  destiny. 


NEW  YORK  DEATH  RATE 


The  death  rate  was  lower  in  New  York 
City  during  the  week  ended  Sept.  17  than 
for  any  week  since  mortality  statistics  have 
been  kept,  according  to  Dr.  Royal  S.  Cope- 
land,  commissioner  of  health.  There  were 
967  deaths  recorded  in  the  city,  a  rate  of 
8.88  a  thousand  of  the  population.  The  low- 
est death  rate  in  1920  was  9  a  thousand.  In 
1919  the  lowest  was  9.04,  in  1918  it  was  10.05 
and  in  1917  10.95. 


BRITISH   IN   BRAZIL 

British  interests  are  extending  their 
sphere  of  commercial  interest  to  Brazil's  in- 
creasing cotton  cultivation.  With  the  cur- 
rent advantage  of  depreciated  milreis,  which 
has  shrunk  in  the  last  15  months  from  a 
premium  basis  to  33  per  cent  below  par, 
English  syndicates  are  quietly  acquiring 
land  north  of  Sao  Paulo,  where  irrigation 
projects  are  aiding  in  the  development  of  a 
pure  white,  silky,  cotton  fiber  fully  one  and 
three-quarters  inches  in  length. 


HOW  WE  BEGAN 

IN 
CHICAGO 

LAND  VALUATION 

Lots  were  laid  out  100  feet  wide 
and  1  75  feet  deep  and  were  first  sold 
for  $  1  1 .  The  highest  price  paid  for  a 
lot  in  1831  was  $130  on  Desplaines 
street.  In  that  year  lots  on  State  street 
brought  as  high  as  25  cents  a  front 
foot.  The  same  lots  are  now  worth 
$20,000  a  front  foot. 

In  1833  John  Bates  sold  the  600 
acres  bounded  by  Madison,  State, 
Twelfth  anl  Halsted  streets  for  $6.72 
an  acre.  In  that  year  the  block  upon 
which  the  postoffice  stands  was  bought 
by  Benjamin  Jones  for  $550. 

In    1830   the  corner  of  State   and 
South  Water  streets  sold  for  $73. 
TAXATION 

The  first  tax  on  Chicago  real  estate 
was    in    1823    and    the    amount   was 
$11.42. 
BOARD  OF  TRADE 

The  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  was 
organized  in  1848  with  82  members. 
The  shipment  of  grain  and  its  products 
that  year  was  equivalent  to  3,001,740 
bushels. 
LAKE  COMMERCE 

The  first  vessel  of  any  size  to  come 
to  the  port  of  Chicago  was  the  Illinois 
which  came  July  11,1 834. 

The  first  sailing  vessel  or  boat  to 
come  to  Chicago  was  the  La  Salle  in 
1673. 

In  1 836  Congress  was  asked  for  an 
appropriation  to  clean  out  the  mouth 
of  the  River.  It  was  stated  in  the 
memorial  that  shipments  had  been  made 
that  year  by  lake  to  the  value  of 
$1,000.64. 

In  1 840  this  had  grown  to  $328,- 
664.74  and  it  was  reported  that  during 
this  year  about  150  vessels  of  all  kinds 
had  visited  the  city. 

On  April  10,  1848,  the  Illinois 
and  Mississippi  canal  was  opened. 

In  1 862  the  first  vessel  arrived  in 
Chicago  direct  from  Europe  being  the 
Norwegian  brig  "Slepner"  from  Ber- 
gen. She  brought  1  50  passengers  and 
200  barrels  of  herring. 


GREATEST   WIRELESS 


A  new  wireless  station,  which  when  com- 
pleted will  be  the  greatest  in  the  world, 
will  shortly  be  built  at  La  Prairie,  Quebec, 
according  to  A.  H.  Morse,  managing  di- 
rector of  the  Marconi  Wireless  Telegraph 
Company  of  Canada.  A  start  is  to  be  made 
at  once  by  a  research  staff  in  preparation  for 
the  erection  of  two  330-foot  steel  towers, 
which  'will  be  set  up-  this  fall. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


13 


Program  of  the  Festival  Play 


Here  is  the  cast  of  the  Festival  Play, 
which  is  presented  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Chicago  Association  of  Commerce.  The 
play  was  written  by  Wallace  Rice  and  fully 
two  thousands  citizens  of  Chicago  are  taking 
part  in  its  presentation.  The  production  is 
under  direction  of  Donald  Robertson.  The 
music  was  composed  by  Edward  Moore. 
The  chorus  of  five  hundred  singers  and  the 
orchestra  of  one  hundred  pieces  are  directed 
by  Horbert  Hyde.  The  cast  is  as  follows: 

Prelude 

Song  of  the  Spirits  of  the  Dunes,  the  Lake 
and  the  Prairies. 

Festival  choristers  and  orchestra. 

Prologue 

Chief  Che-ca-gou,  the  Revealer — Donald 
Robertson. 

SCENE    ONE. 
Episode  One 

"The   Coming  of  the   Cross" 

Time,  1673.  Place,  Mouth  of  the  Chicago 
River. 

Interpreted   by  St.   Ignatius   School. 

Tamaroac,  a  young  chieftain — Joseph 
Flynn. 

Hacamac,  his  uncle  and  sub-chief — E.  F. 
Kelly. 

Gamea,  a  brave — W.  F.  Divan 

Wena,    a    maiden — Sylvia    Campbell. 

Father  Jacques  Marquette,  a  missionary 
priest — L.  V.  Vaughan. 

Louis  Jolliet,  Marquette's  companion — 
H.  Eggert. 

Braves,  squaws,  papooses,  etc.,  from  var- 
ious tribes. 

Tetenchua,  an  Illinois  chieftain  from  Kas- 
kaskia — C.  J.  Weigel. 

Episode  Two 

The  March  of  Spain.    By  the  Orchestra. 
Time  1781 

Interpretation  by  the  people  in  the  pre- 
vious episode. 

Don  Eugenis  Purre,  captain  in  command 
— F.  J.  Bauska. 

Don  Jean  Baptiste  Mailhet.  lieutenant — 
W.  J.  Flynn. 

Ensign  Don  Carlos  Tayon — J.  P.  Megeut. 

Dons  Luis  Chevalier,  the  younger  guide — 
M.  Wilson. 

Chief    Sug-gema-ki — J.    H.    Buckley. 

Chief   Na-ki-gen— J.  B.  Kelly. 

Spanish     soldiers     from     St.     Louis     and 

French  soldiers  from  Cahokia,  Indians, 
squaws,  etc.,  etc. 

Interlude 
"Our   Illinois" 

Festival  chorus  and  orchestra. 

SCENE    TWO. 

Episode  One 
The  Coming  of  the  Flag 

Time,   1803.     Place,  same  as  preceding. 

Interpreted  by  University  Settlement  and 
Lane  Technical  High  School. 

Capt.  John  Whistler,  U.  S.  A.— Robert 
Jones. 

Lieut.  Wm.  Whistler,  his  son — Thomas 
Williams. 

Mrs.  John  Whistler — Amy  Halbe. 

Geo.  Whistler,  her  son — -Max  Ziolkowski. 

Lieut.  Moses  Hook,  U.  S.  A.— William 
Edgerton. 

Mrs.   Wm.   Whistler — Amanda   Rose. 

Soldiers,  officers,   Indians,  etc.,  etc. 


Episode  Two 
"The  Massacre" 

Place,  the  same.  Time,  1812.  Interpre- 
tation by  the  same  group  of  the  previous 
episode. 

Capt.  Nathan  Heald,  U.  S.  A.— Ray  Hel- 
wig. 

Lieut.  Thomas  Helm,  U.  S.  A. — Louis 
Kosinski. 

Ensign   George   Ronan — Stanley   Miller. 

Dr.  Isaac  Van  Vorhees — George  Burnett. 

Capt.  William  Wells  (known  as  Apen- 
conit,  to  the  Indians) — Ronald  Mason. 

Sgt.   John    Griffiths — John    Prena. 

A  Sentry — Casimir  Ziolkowski. 

John  Kinzie — Paul  Crissman. 

Mrs.  Heald,  formerly  Rebekah  Wells — 
Natalie  Wierzbicki. 


C.  Herrick  Hammond, 
Chairman,  Semi-Centennial  Committee 

Mrs.  Helm,  formerly  Margaret  McKillip 
— Bernice  Polender. 

Winamac.  war  chief  of  the  Potowatomies 
— Eugene  Novak. 

Macatee-Benais,  called  Black  Partridge — 
Frank  Keller. 

Wa-Bee-Na-Mah,  Indian  chief — Frances 
Ellis. 

Pee-So-Tam,  Indian  chief — Richard  Fair- 
child. 

Wau-Ban-See,  Indian  chief— B.  Gold- 
smith. 

Kee-Po-Tah,  Indian  chief — Thomas  Smith. 

Citizens,    soldiers,    Indians,    etc.,    etc. 

Interlude 

Illinois   Indian    Calumet   Song. 
Festival   choristers   and   orchestra. 

SCENE    THREE. 

The   Passing   of   the   Savage 

Episode  One 
The  Signing  of  the  Treaty 

Time,  1833.  Place,  The  newly  incorpor- 
ated Town  of  Chicago. 

Interpreted  by  the  American  Institute  of 
Banking. 


Geo.  B.  Porter,  Governor  of  the  Territory 
of  Michigan — Charles  Alison. 

Thomas  J.  V.  Ewing,  Indian  Commis- 
sioner— F.  Freeman. 

Wm.  Weatherford,  Indian  Commissioner 
John  Thompson. 

Thomas  Lee  D.  Ewing,  Secretary  to  the 
Commission — T.  Mushina. 

To-Pee-Ne-Bee,  a  chief— J.  J.  Fitzsim- 
mons. 

First   Chicagoan — A.   Lussenhop. 

Second  Chicagoan— W.  C.  Schalm. 

Third    Chicagoan — F.    W.    Tamburrino. 

First   Newcomer — Lewis   Friedrich. 

Second  Newcomer — Bernice  Green. 

Third  Newcomer — Ralph  Klinge. 

Saw-Saw-Quas-See,  a  young  chief — James 
Anderson. 

Alexander  Robinson,  a  chief — Frederick 
Larson. 

Billy  Caldwell,  an  Indian — Thomas  G. 
Hyde. 

Sauganash,   a    chief — James  Johnson. 

Officers  from  Fort  Dearborn,  soldiers, 
men  and  women  citizens,  Indians  of  various 
tribes,  etc.,  etc. 

Chief  and  Braves — G.  Brown,  Joseph 
Poggi,  Frank  Ktakora,  John  Higgins, 
Thomas  Hyde,  W.  C.  Becker,  Edward  J. 
Handtmann. 

Interlude 

The    Chicago    Festival    Song 
Festival  choristers  and  orchestra. 

SCENE   FOUR. 

Through  Sword  and  Flame 

Episode  One 
First  Soldiers  to  the  Front 

Time,  1861.  Place,  Cook  County  Court 
House  and  Chicago  City  Hall  Square, 
showing  the  old  Sherman  House  and  the 
old  Tribune  Building. 

Interpreted  by  the  First  Field  Artillery, 
the  Aryan  Grotto,  Zouaves,  group  from 
Rothschilds,  postal  clerks  and  carriers  from 
the  post  office. 

First   Chicagoan — Archie  Holschmaker. 

Second   Chicagoan — E.   Sain. 

Third  Chicagoan — M.  V.  Elliger. 

Capt.  James  Haydon,  commanding  the 
Company  A  Chicago  Zouaves. 

Capt.  James  Smith,  commanding  the  Chi- 
cago Light  Artillery — Lieut.  Leslie  Moore. 

Officers  and  men  of  the  two  commands, 
Chicago  citizens,  visitors,  etc.,  etc. 

Episode  Two 

News  From  Fort  Donelson 
Time,    1862,   ten    months   later   than   pre- 
vious episode.     Place,  the  same. 

First   Chicagoan — Archie  Holschmaker. 
Second    Chicagoan — E.   Sain. 
Third  Chicagoan — M.  V.  Elliger. 
Fourth    Chicagoan — M.    Levin. 
An  Editor — H.  W.  Smith. 
A  Speaker — Mr.  Schlossman. 
Newsboy — R.    Kinkella. 
Citizens,   visitors,   etc. 

Episode  Three 
The  Great  Chicago  Fire 

Place,  same.    Time,  1871. 

Interpreted  by  the  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph Co.  employes,  and  Armour  Welfare 
Association,  assisted  by  the  people  in  the 
preceding  episode  and  others. 

First  Chicagoan — May  Crowe. 

Second    Chicagoan — J.    L.    Wright. 

Third   Chicagoan — Gladys   Wild. 

Fourth  Chicagoan — O.  L.  Boyd,  E.  Con- 
ley. 


14 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Spirit  of  Chicago — Miss   Lois  Sumner. 
Citizens,  visitors,  refugees,  etc. 
Interlude 

"Flames  of  Fire" 

By  the  orchestra 

SCENE    FIVE 

The  Rebirth  of  Beauty 

Time,  1893.  Place,  the  Court  of  Honor 
of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition. 

Given  by  the  members  of  the  Art  School 
of  the  Chicago  Art  Institute,  members  of 
the  Chicago  School  of  Architecture  and 
members  of  other  art  organizations.  Ar- 
ranged by  the  Chicago  School  of  Architec- 
ture. 

Dance  of  the  Muses 

The   Republic— Mrs.   E.  J.   Buchan. 

The  Spirit   of  Architecture. 

The   Spirit  of   Painting. 

The   Spirit  of  Sculpture. 

The  Three  Graces,  the  Nine  Muses,  At- 
tendants, etc. 

Interlude 

The  Victory  and  Glory  March  and  chorus. 
Festival    choristers   and    orchestra. 

SCENE     SIX. 

Victory  and  Peace 

Episode  One 

Victory   March  of  the  Army  and   Navy 

Time,    1918 

Soldiers  and  Sailors 

Victory  Dance 

Episode  Two 

March   of  the   Nations   at   Peace 
Chicago — Lois  Sumner. 
Illinois — Ruth   Keig. 
America — Mrs.  Anne  T.  Whitney. 
Groups  of  the  Several  Nationals  in  Chicago 

March   of  the   Nations   at   Peace 


Association  of  Commerce  Chicago  Song 

Hail  Illinois! 
America  the  Beautiful 

The  Chicago  Plan 
The  Star-Spangled  Banner 

EXECUTIVE,  ARTISTIC  AND 
TECHNICAL  STAFF 

Director — Donald   Robertson. 

Stage    Manager — Robert    Sherman. 

Assistants  to  stage  manager — Clyde  Long, 
Alice  Keith,  Olive  Garnett,  Melvin  Hessel- 
berg. 

Press   Representative — A.   H.   Kirkland. 

Chief  Mechanic  of  Stage — Louis  Vogle 

Electrical  Tehnician — John  Walghren 

Superintendent  of  Properties — Albert  Gor- 
don. 

Architectural  designs  by  Holabird  and 
Roche. 

Equipment  and  Furnishing 

Scenery — Sosman   and   Landis. 

Costumes — Fritz  Schoultz  &  Co. 

Buildings — Avery   Brundage. 

Lighting  Stage — Chicago  Stage  Lighting 
Co. 

Seating— T.    Bart    McHugh. 

Pyrotechnic  Display — Pain's  Fireworks. 

Cast  Committee 

Angus  S.  Hibbard,  chairman;  Rev.  Wm.  H. 
Agnew,  P.  I.  Bukowski,  Mrs.  F.  E.  Dew- 
hurst,  Ruth  M.  Keig,  Major  Ridgeway, 
Peter  Lambros,  James  J.  Mahoney,  Frank 
C.  Sweeney,  Miss  Jessie  Veeder,  Mrs.  Anne 
T.  Whitney,  Mrs.  Tillie  Laurell,  P.  T. 
Dunne,  G.  B.  Foster.  Bernard  DeVry,  Geo. 

F.  Mishchlich,    Capt.    Adj.;    F.    H.    Stamm, 
E.  Victor  Field,  L.  Derby,  Col.  Schwengel, 
Col.  Swanson,  Lieut.  Leslie  Moore,  Miss  Stev- 
ens, Harry  C.  Lay,  E.  F.  Wells,  D.  S.  Mus- 
ser,  J.  J.  McGuire,  Miss  Eleanor  Richardson, 

G.  R.    Schaeffer,    C.    H.    Hildebrand,    Miss 
Mary  McDowell.  H.  B.  Tesmer.  Miss  Mabel 
Morrow,  Miss  Harriet  Vittum,  A.  V.  Lath- 


omus,  Rev.  Frederick  Siedenberg,  Miss 
Stevens,  Elmer  A.  Fosberg,  Nels  Hokenson, 
W.  H.  Childs,  Lieut.  Leslie  Moore,  Major 
Ridgeway,  Herman  L.  Reiwitch,  D.  L.  Mac- 
Whorter,  Major  Boots,  Capt.  Wurtzpaugh. 

Organizations,  industries  and  schools,  rep- 
resentatives of  which  are  members  of  the 
cast. 

St.  Ignatius  College, 

Northwestern    University   Settlement, 

Masque  and  Wig  Club, 

American  Legion, 

Veterans   of   the   Spanish-American    War, 

Veterans  of  Foreign  Wars, 

Lane    Technical   High    School, 

Eleaiior  Club  Number  6, 

Improved   Order  of  Red   Men, 

Degree  of  Pocahantos. 

Sears,  Roebuck  &  Co., 

Northern  Trust  Co., 

State    Bank   of    Chicago, 

Corn    Exchange    National    Bank, 

First   National  Bank, 

Chicago   Trust   Company, 

Federal   Reserve   Bank, 

Union  Trust  Co., 

Continental  and  Commercial  National 
Bank, 

Commonwealth    Edison   Co., 

Rothschild   &   Co., 

Western  Union  Telegraph  Co., 

Armour   &    Co., 

Post  Office  Carriers, 

Post    Office    Clerks, 

American  Association  of  Engineers, 

Chicago   Turn-Gemeinde, 

Illinois    Bell   Telephone   Co.. 

Arion  Grotto  Zouave  Unit, 

Chicaeo  Association  of  Commerce, 

Chicago  Art  Institute, 

Community    Service, 

First   Field   Artillery, 

U.  S.  Army, 

U.  S.  Navy, 

Veteran  Drum  Corps  of  the  First  In- 
fantry. 


GROW  WILD  PLANTS 

IS  EXPERT'S  PLEA 


Owners  of  large  estates  are  being  urged 
to  do  their  part  in  seeking  to  save  native 
wild  plants  and  flowers  from  extinction. 
The  plea  is  made  especially  to  those  who 
import  large  amounts  of  trees,  shrubs  and 
plants,  while  the  native  growths  are  neg- 
lected. 

Efforts  are  also  being  made  to  check  the 
inroads  made  by  automobile  parties  from 
cities.  Members  of  these  parties  often  re- 
turn with  their  arms  filled  with  flowers  that 
should  have  been  left  to  ripen  and  scatter 
seed. 

The  practical  nature  of  the  movement  to 
perpetuate  the  native  wild  plants  has  been 
demonstrated  by  Dr.  E.  T.  Wherry,  a  gov- 
ernment chemist,  of  the  Washington  Bu- 
reau of  Chemistry,  who  talked  recently  at 
the  New  York  Botanical  gardens.  Dr. 
Wherry  has  studied  soil  conditions  care- 
fully and  has  carried  on  successful  experi- 
ments on  a  suburban  lot  in  Washington, 
where  he  has  several  hundred  varieties  of 
wild  plants  growing.  The  garden  is  so  at- 
tractive that  it  is  urged  that  holders  of  large 
estates  could  greatly  beautify  their  places  if 
they  were  to  follow  a  similar  plan.  It  is 
also  pointed  out  that  they  would  thus  save 
many  plants  from  becoming  extinct. 

This  work  is  being  pushed  by  the  Wild 
Flower  Preservation  society,  which  has 
chapters  in  many  states.  Dr.  Wherry  called 
attention  to  the  fact  that  laws  have  been 
passed,  but  that  they  are  of  little  value  un- 
less enforced.  He  holds  that  one  of  the 
best  ways  to  prevent  the  wholesale  picking 
and  destruction  of  wild  flowers  is  to  edu- 
cate the  children  so  that  they  will  take  in- 
terest in  the  campaign  as  they  grow  older. 
In  this  connection  he  points  to  the  saying 


of  John  Burroughs,  "We  do  not  destroy  the 
thing  we  love." 

With  reference  to  treatment  of  the  soil  so 
that  wild  plants  may  be  grown  successfully, 
Dr.  Wherry  said: 

"It  is  necessary  to  find  a  plant  requires 
an  acid  or  an  alkaline  soil. 

"There  should  be  a  large  bed  of  the 
proper  soil,  one  that  is  at  least  three  feet  in 
depth  and  three  or  more  in  diameter.  De- 
caying leaves  will  make  an  acid,  though 
these  should  be  distinguished  from  rich  leaf 
mold,  which  is  distinctly  alkaline.  Leaves 
can  be  put  around  the  plants  and  watered 
with  rain  water,  which  may  be  kept  in  bar- 
rels for  the  purpose,  other  water  being 
often  strongly  alkaline.  Leaves  should 
never  be  burned,  but  preserved  to  use  with 
plants  which  require  an  acid  soil.  I  put  oak 
leaves  over  mine  in  the  fall.  It  is  also  a 
protection  from  the  cold.  Many  of  the 
early  spring  flowers,  like  the  hypatica, 
bloodroot  and  dutchman's  breeches,  require 
an  alkaline  soil. 

"I  make  an  extraction  of  the  soil  with 
water,  put  in  a  dye,  and  if  the  soil  is  acid 
the  dye  will  change  color.  The  foundation  of 
an  acid  is  soil  rotted  wood,  and  combine  that 
with  sand  and  you  have  proper  conditions 
for  plants  like  arbutus  and  other  members 
of  the  heath  family,  azaleas  and  rhodo- 
dendrons, many  of  the  wild  orchids,  includ- 
ing the  pink  lady's  slipper,  wild  bleeding 
heart,  oxalis,  etc.  The  Indians  had  a  name 
for  the  Indian  pipe  which  meant  growing 
on  rotten  wood. 

"It  is  not  necessary  to  take  more  than  a 
single  plant  for  an  experiment.  Those  who 
have  tried  transplanting  wild  flowers  think 
that  they  should  be  successful  if  they  take 
with  it  a  ball  of  the  earth  in  which  it  was 
growing,  but  that  is  not  enough.  In  a  very 
short  time  the  working  of  the  earth  worms 
and  beetles  and  the  action  of  the  rain  as 
well  change  the  composition  of  the  soil, 


combining  it  with  that  around  it,  and  the 
plant  suffers.  Plants  will  sometimes  grow 
in  soil  to  which  they  are  not  indigenous, 
but  they  do  not  grow  with  full  strength  or 
blossom  properly  and  they  succumb  readily 
to  plant  enemies." 

Among  the  men  with  large  country  places 
who  are  cultivating  wild  flowers  is  Ben- 
jamin Fairchild,  of  New  York  and  Con- 
necticut, who  has  a  wonderful  wild  flower 
preserve  in  the  latter  state. 


SHIPS  AGAIN  MOVING 


The  237  vessels,  of  366,000  tons,  lying  idle 
in  Swedish  ports  in  July,  at  an  approxi- 
mate loss  of  about  250  crowns  per  vessel 
of  4,000  tons,  are  again  moving,  owing  to 
the  general  improvement  in  economic  con- 
ditions and  a  satisfactory  reduction  adjust- 
ment of  wages.  Though  there  have  been 
some  noteworthy  failures,  such  as  that  of 
the  Erik  Brodin  Shipowning  Co.,  with  a 
capital  of  14,000,000  crowns,  Swedish  in- 
dustries generally  are  picking  up,  remarks 
the  Manchester  Guardian  Commercial,  the 
corn  crop  being  the  best  since  1914. 


CANADA'S  FUR  FARMS 


The  growing  importance  of  fur  farming 
in  Canada  is  illustrated  in  the  Dominion 
Bureau  of  Statistics  report  covering  the  in- 
dustry for  1920.  At  the  end  of  the  year 
there  were  582  fur  farms  in  Canada,  as 
against  414  in  1919,  and  the  values  had  in- 
creased from  $3,968,591  to  $4,632,605  last 
year.  Fur  farms  now  exist  in  every  part 
of  the  Dominion,  and  there  are  14  ranches 
of  domesticated  animals  in  the  Yukon  terri- 
tory. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


15 


Book  of  the  Chicago  Festival  Play 


This  is  the  book  of  the  Chicago  Festival 
Play  written  by  Wallace  Rice  commemorating 
the  semi-centennial  of  the  great  Chicago  fire 
of  October  9,  1871.  The  play  deals  with  strik- 
ing historic  episodes  in  the  history  of  Chicago 
and  spreads  before  the  reader  a  vivid  presenta- 
tion of  life  in  Chicago  from  its  earliest  days. 

PREFATORY    NOTE 

The  words  of  the  Festival  Play  are  noth- 
ing but  a  point  to  take  oft  from  for  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Coleman  Moore,  composer  of  the  Fes- 
tival music,  Herbert  Hyde,  director  of  the 
chorus  and  orchestra,  and  Mr.  Donald  Robert- 
son and  his  able  corps  of  assistants  who  are 
staging  it,  all  under  the  generous  and  sym- 
pathetic management  of  The  Chicago  As- 
sociation of  Commerce,  which  has  denied 
nothing  to  the  pageant  master,  composer, 
musical  director,  and  author  which  would 
make  the  performances  notably  worthy  the 
occasion.  To  them  all  my  thanks  are  here 
gratefully  rendered. 

WALLACE  RICE. 
Chicago,   September,  1921. 


PRELUDE 

THE  SONG  OF  THE  SPIRITS  OF  THE 

DUNES,   THE  LAKE,  AND  THE 

PRAIRIES. 

Spirits   of   drifting   sand 

Piled    for    the    sport    of    the    breeze 
High  between  Lake  and  land, 

Born  of  the  earth  and  seas, 
Children  of  men  have  gone 

Over  the  dunes  where  ye  dwell, 
Sun  after  sun  hath  shone — 

And  never  a  tale  to  tell. 

Spirits   of    flow'ry   plain, 

Prairies  now  spread  to  the  sun 

Golden   and  bright  with  grain. 

Harvest  to  bounty  won, 

How  have  ye  lain  untilled 
Year   upon   centuried   year 

Longing  to  be  fulfilled 
In  plentiful  hope  and  cheer! 

Spirits  of  wind  and  wave, 

Over  the  Lake  run  ye  forth — 
Tempests  that   rise  and   rave 

Out  of  the  howling  North, 
Ages   must   pass   before 

Man  is  allied  with  your  might, 
Passing   from  shore  to  shore 

In  promise  of  kindly  light. 

Spirits,  how  long  ye  wait 

Yearning  for  service  to  Man, 
Wearied  with  war  and  hate — 

Waiting,  what   time  ye   span ! 
Prairie  and  wave  and  dune 

Rolling    and    shifting    and    blown. 
Now  cometh  aid,  and  soon 

Ye  all  shall  have  gained  your  own. 
(END    OF    PRELUDE) 


SCENE  I 
THE    COMING    OF    THE    CROSS 

The  liphts  rise  upon  the  fisure  of  Che-ca-gou 

the  Revealer,  great  chieftain  of  the  Illinois, 

who  recites : 

Here  by  the  waters  of  this  island  sea 
Star-strown    an-d    glimmering   in   the   Autumn 

night 

Which  fifty  years  ago  were  dim  with  cloud 
On  cloud   of  wind-swept  smoke  shot  through 

with  flame. 
From   canyoned  avenues  and   streets  ye  come, 


Ye    pale-faced     people     from     threescore    of 

lands, 

United  in  one  high  desire  to  praise 
Your  living  God  that  He  hath  made  you  one 
To    live    in    peace    and    strive    toward    finer 

things. 

Out  of  the  hunting-grounds  beyond  the  Sun, 
Called  by  the  spirit  of  this  pale-faced  town, 
I,   Che-ca-gou,   whose   name  it   proudly  bears 
Have  come  to  summon  back  the  misty  age 
When  that  great  race,  that  hailed  me  as  their 

chief, 

The   mighty    Illinois,   was    sovereign    here — 
So  now  I  call  the  Manitou  to  show 


Wallace  Rice, 
Author  of  the  Festival  Play  Book 


What    time    her    children    came    from    lilied 

France 

To  bring  these  prairies  into  history, 
To    show    how    first    your    Holy    Cross    was 

brought 

Unto  the  shores  of  this  fair  emerald  Sea, 
To  show  how  Father  Jacques  Marquette  for 

friend 

Brought    Louis   Jolliet,    who   then    foresaw 
Great   deeds   for   you  to   do   here,  where  La- 

Salle 

Had  dreams  of  Empire  other  than  ye've  built. 
Here  shall  ye  see  Spain  flash  her  flag  across 
Our    prairies    after    Britain,    too,    had    passed. 
So  now,  Great  Manitou,  I  call  on  Thee 
To  show  the  day  of  our  forgotten  race. 

The  lights  dim. 

Persons  of  the  Episode: 

TAMAROAC,  a  young  brave  of  the  Illinois. 

HACAMAC,   his   uncle,  a   sub-chieftain. 

GAMEA,  a  brave. 

WEN  A.   a  mairlen. 

Father  JACQUES  MARQUETTE,  a  mission- 
ary priest  of  the  Society  of  Jesus. 

LOUTS  JOLLIET,  his  friend  and  companion. 

TF.TENCHUA,  an  Illinois  chieftain  from 
Kaskaskia. 

Many  Illinois  braves,  squaws,  youth,  maidens, 
and  papooses. 

Five  Hurons,  with  Marquette  and  Jolliet. 


Forty  Kaskaskia  Illinois,  with  Tentenchua. 

A  glorious  autumn  morning  shows  a  large 
band  of  Illinois  at  rest  and  play  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Chicago  River  in  the  year  1673. 
They  have  just  returned  from  trading  with 
the  French  at  the  Jesuit  Mission  of  St. 
Ignace  on  the  Straits  of  Mackinac,  and  are 
still  childishly  pleased  with  the  goods  and 
ornaments  gained  by  the  barter  of  their  pel- 
tries, whether  braves  with  their  weapons, 
squaws  with  blankets  and  beads,  or  youth 
with  various  toys.  Several  of  the  canoes  in 
which  they  have  voyaged  up  and  down  Lake 
Michigan  lie  on  their  sides  near  at  hand 
with  their  lading  of  small  trade  bales  spread 
beside  them.  The  boys  of  the  party  have 
set  up  a  mark  and  are  trying  out  their  new 
bows  and  arrows;  the  girls  are  dancing  in 
the  sun.  It  is  a  scene  of  rest,  relaxation, 
and  contentment,  but  though  in  a  friendly 
and  open  country  the  vigilance  of  the  braves 
is  never  slackened,  and  sentinels  may  be  seen 
at  watch  upon  all  the  approaches,  one  on  the 
crest  of  a  sand  dune  stretching  away  to  the 
south. 

TAMAROAC.  O  Hacamac,  my  mother's 
brother,  chief.  This  is  a  pleasant  spot  to  rest 
our  arms,  wearied  with  rowing  from  far 
Mackinac  and  its  good  Fathers,  where  the 
traders  shrewd  have  given  such  marvels  for 
our  hides  and  peltries. 

HACAMAC.     It  is  a  pleasant  spot.    This  toss- 
ing  lake— our  sea,  the   Illinois— meets  yonder 
stream  from  which  a  four-mile  portage  takes 
us   safe,   ourselves   and   our   canoes,   unto  the 
river— again,  the  River  of  the  Illinois. 
TAM.    And  has  this  place  a  name? 
HAC.     A  mighty  name.     Long  generations  by 
our  chieftains  borne  with  honor  to  themselves 
and    us — Che-ca-gou. 
TAM.    And  has  this  word  a  meaning? 
HAC.     Aye,    the    name    of    the    wild    leek,    a 
cousin  to  the  lily,  tho'  richer  far  in  flavor  and 
in  scent. 

TAM.     It  is  a  plant  which  greatly  flourishes 
On  all  the  prairies  roundabout. 
HAC.     Even    so    our    chiefs    have    flourished 
thro'  the  mists  of  time. 

TAM.  So  may  their  namesake  greatly  flourish 
here!  Save  for  yon  marsh  it  is  a  pleasant 
spot. 

HAC.  There  is  much  sand — and  how  it  blows 
about ! 

(Gamea  comes  up  to  them,  a  huge  cleaver 

in  his  hand  which  he  is  waving.) 
GAMEA.     See  you  this  knife,  Chief;  'tis  the 
bear   of   knives ! 

TAM.  Aye,  with  it  you  can  hew  your  enemies 
down  man  by  man  until  not  one  remains,  even 
as  the  beavers  up  this  little  stream  can  fell  a 
spreading  hickory  bite  by  bite. 
HAC.  But,  having  slain  your  foes,  this  slen- 
der blade  were  best  for  lifting  clean  their 
trophied  scalps. 

(He  brings  out  a  short  and  slender  knife.) 
GAM.  Is  it  not  strange,  this  stone  of  which 
'tis  made? 

HAC.  Much  like  the  yellow  copper  that  we 
know  before  the  paleface  came  like  silver, 
too. 

GAM.  Give  us  enough  of  this — the  world  is 
ours ! 

(Wena    comes    to    them,    trailing    a    red 

Wnnket    coqucttishly.) 

WENA.  Is  not  this  blanket  gorgeous,  O  my 
friends? 

TAM.  'Tis  bright  as  any  prairie  lily  of  them 
all. 

HAC.     Springing     where'er     braves     of     the 
Illinois  have  laid  in  blood  their  foes. 
WFNA.     So  I  hear  tell. 

TAM.     'Tis    red   as   the    bright    faces   of   our 
braves  fierce  set  upon  !he  path  of  war. 
WENA.     Oh,  say  you  so?     It  is  as  beauteous 


16 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


as  the  leaves  of  maples  ere  they  fall — braves 

are  not  so. 

TAM.     But  steadfastness  and  bravery — of  all 

things  beautiful,  best  and  most  beautiful — 

WENA.    Now,  what  a  stupid  thing  to  tell  a 

girl! 

(The  sentinel  upon  the  dune  gives  a  cry 
and  points  to  the  west,  the  entire  camp  set- 
ting up  a  shout  on  the  alarm.    The  braves 
seize    their   weapons   and    come    together 
behind  Chief  Hacamac.     The  squaws  run 
to  the  canoes  and  begin  loading  them  with 
the  bales.     The   children  gather   together 
in  a  wondering  group  under  the  care  of 
the  younger  girls.     All  shade   their  eyes 
and  look  out  over  the  prairie.) 
GAM.    Braves  of  the  Illinois  are  they. 
HAC.    And    Chief    Tetenchua    walks    at    the 
head    of    them.     I    hasten   on    to   greet    him. 
(Leaves   the  group.) 

(The  newcomers  appear,  Tetenchua  at 
their  head,  Father  Marquette  and  Jolliet 
a  little  behind  with  their  five  Hurons  bear- 
ing canoes  and  burdens.  There  are  forty 
Kaskaskia  Illinois  by  way  of  escort  in  the 
party.) 

GAM.    And  there  is  a  black  robe,  too — it  is 
good    Father   Jacques;    with    him    the    friend 
Louis  who  came  to  him  at  St.  Ignace. 
TAM.    How  bravely  they  went  forth  to  seek 
afar  the  Father  of  the  Waters! 
GAM.     They  all  bear  crosses  made  of  boughs 
— even  the  braves  from  our  Kaskaskia ! 

(Hacamac  comes  to   the  newcomers.) 
HAC.    Greeting,     Tetenchua;     to     thee,     our 
Father!     How   welcome  is  the  sight  of  thee 
in  health! 

TETENCHUA.  Greeting,  O  Hacamac,  and 
all  your  clan ! 

(The  newcomers  mingle  with  their  friends 
in  busy  gladness.) 

MARQUETTE.    May  peace  be  with  you! 
OMNES.    With  thy  spirit,  too ! 
JOLLIET.    How  favorable  a  spot  is  this,  my 
friend !     Yonder  the  green  sea  of  the  Illinois, 
behind   the    River   of    the   Illinois,   a   portage 
short  and  level,  and  the  stream  before  us  as 
safe  harbor  for  our  ships ! 
MAR.    Wealth   greater   than   of   Indies   have 
these  lands.     So  deep  and  black  with  fruitful- 
ness  are  they  their  opulence  might  feed  a  hun- 
gry world. 

JOL.  Southward  the  mighty  Mississippi  rolls ; 
northward  these  inland  seas  their  waters  send 
on  to  Quebec  and  Montreal.  Between,  this 
little  portage  stands.  A  channel  made  from 
this  small  river  thro'  the  prairies  here  and  all 
their  wealth  may  speed  its  cheering  way  to 
South  or  North,  or  eastward  even  to  France. 
MAR.  Great  truth  is  there,  friend  Louis 
Jolliet — would  I  might  live  to  see  thy  words 
come  true.  (To  Tetenchua)  You  tell  me  this 
is  called  Che-ca-gou,  Chief? 
TET.  Yes,  Father,  from  our  sachems  to  the 
south. 

MAR.    And  we  are  now  the  first  white  men 
to  set  our  feet  upon  this  favored  spot? 
TET.    Yes,  Father. 

HAC.  It  may  be  a  woodrunner  of  the  French 
has  passed  this  place — he  did  but  pass,  nor 
left  footprint  or  name  along  his  speedy  march. 
MAR.  Then  it  is  fitting  we  should  elevate  the 
Holy  Cross  to  mark  the  spot,  with  hymn  and 
prayer  and  praise  unto  Almighty  God. 

(At  a  sign  Indians  bring  a  large   cross 
made  of  boughs  and  set  it  in  the  centre.) 
MAR.    Hoc    Signum    Crucis    erit    in    coelo. 
Alleluja. 

OMNES.  Cum  Dominus  ad  judicandum 
venerit.  Alleluja. 

MAR.    Domine,   exaudi   orationem   meam. 
OMNES.     Et  clamor  meus  ad  te  veniat. 
MAR.     Dominus  vobiscum. 
OMNES.     Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 
MAR.     OREMUS.     Deus,   qui   nos   hodierna 
die  Exaltationes.     Sanctae  Crucis  annua  sol- 
emnitate    laetificas ;     praesta    quaesumus ;     ut 
cujus  mysterium  in  terra  cognozimus,  ejus  re- 
demptionis  praemia  in  coelo  mereamur.     Per 
eundem   Dominum   nostrum   Jesum    Christum, 
qui   tecum  vivit   et   regnat  in  unitate   Spiritus 
Sancti  Deus,  per  omnia  saecula  saeculorum. 


OMNES.    Amen.      Vexilla     regis     produent, 
fulget  crucis  mysterium.    Qui  carne  carnis  con- 
ditor.     Suspensus  est  patibulo  etcoetera. 
MAR.     Now   may   the   Lord   our   God   bring 
grace  and  peace,  bounty  of  earth  and  hope  of 
heaven,  length  of  days  and  holy  joy  to  all  who 
come  unto  this  favored  spot  the  ages  thro'. 
OMNES.    Amen. 

(END  OF  EPISODE.) 
EPISODE  TWO. 

Persons  of  the  Episode: 

Don  EUGENIC  PURRE,  captain  command- 
ing. 

Don  JEAN  BAPTISTE  MAILHET,  lieu- 
tenant. 

Don  CARLOS  TAYON,  ensign. 
Don  LUIS  CHEVALIER  the  Younger,  guide. 
Chief  SUG-GE-NA-KI    (Le  Tourneau). 
Chief  NA-KI-GEN. 
Thirty  Spanish  soldiers  from  St.  Louis. 
Twenty  French   militiamen   from   Cahokia. 
A  hundred  braves   of  the  Ottawa  and   Pota- 
watomi. 

The  lights  dim  for  a  moment  while  the  stage 
is  cleared,  to  rise  upon  a  day  late  in  Janu- 
ary, 1781,  when  the  Spanish  expedition  from 
St.  Louis  reaches  Chicago  on  its  way  to  at- 
tack the  British  fort  at  St.  Joseph,  near  what 
is  now  Niles  in  Michigan.  The  strains  of 
the  Spanish  Royal  March  are  heard  in  the 
distance  as  the  lights  come  on,  with  the 
scene  as  before.  Enter  Don  Luis  Chevalier 
the  Younger,  Lieutenant  Jean  Baptiste  Mail- 
het,  and  Chief  Sug-ge-na-ki  with  several 
French  habitants  and  Indians,  followed  in 
straggling  formation  by  Don  Eugenia  Purre 
and  thirty  Spanish  soldiers  with  the  Spanish 
ensign  of  war  (the  old  Hag,  showing  the 
arms  of  Castile  and  Leon),  Don  Carlos 
Tayon  with  twenty  French  militiamen,  and 
Chief  Na-ki-gen  with  a  hundred  braves  of 
the  Ottawa  and  Potawatomi. 
PURRE.  Halt!  (The  music  ceases,  and 
command  comes  to  a  halt.)  Don  Luis  !  (Chev- 
alier turns  back  to  his  commanding  officer  and 
salutes.) 

CHEVALIER.     Yes,  my  captain. 
PURRE.    Where  are  we  now  in  the  name  of 
Heaven  ? 

CHEV.     Yonder  is  the  Lake  of  the  Illinois, 
here  is  the  little  River   of   the   Portage,  and 
this  place  is  called   Chicago,  after  that  great 
chieftain  of  the  Illinois  who  visited  the  court 
of  King  Louis  the  Fifteenth  of  France,  now 
more  than  fifty  years  ago. 
PURRE.    We    have,    then,    passed    that    dia- 
bolical stretch  styled  the  Grand  Prairie,  which 
has  gone  far  to  freeze  my  soul? 
CHEV.     Yes,  my  captain. 
PURRE.    And  you  really  know  where  we  are? 
We  are  not  lost? 

(Chevalier  turns  to  Mailhet  and  the  two 
Indian  chiefs,  who  have  come  up,  with  a 
gesture  of  helplessness.) 

CHEV.  It  is  not  the  fault  of  any  but  the 
devil  that  the  weather  is  so  cold. 
MAILHET.  We  are  on  the  right  track,  my 
captain.  We  now  follow  the  shore  of  the  great 
Lake  of  the  Illinois,  turning  now  to  the  south 
end,  when  we  have  past  its  southern  reach,  to 
the  east. 

PURRE.  And  how  much  farther  shall  we 
Spaniards  and  Frenchmen  have  to  travel  to 
take  our  revenge  upon  the  British  for  their 
attack  on  us  last  May? 

TAYON.  Cahokia  was  also  attacked,  my  cap- 
tain. 

PURRE.  Don't  interrupt,  sir.  Chief  Sug- 
ge-na-ki,  do  you  know  how  much  farther  we 
shall  have  to  plough  through  this  freezing 
drift? 

SUG-GE-NA-KI.  The  lake  once  rounded  'tis 
but  twenty  miles  eastward  that  the  fort  of  St. 
Joseph  lies.  There  will  be  rich  plundering 
there. 

NA-KI-GEN.  Much  goods,  much  ammuni- 
tion, much  whiskey. 

PURRE.  There  is  no  help  for  it.  The  Span- 
ish ensign  has  already  gone  farther  in  this 
arctic  zone  than  ever  it  did  before — or  will 


again.  Take  your  places !  Fall  in!  (All  take 
their  places  as  before.)  Forward.  March! 
(The  Spanish  Royal  March  is  heard  again  as 
the  Company  marches  off  to  the  south,  strag- 
gling and  weary.  The  music  dies  in  the  dis- 
tance and  the  lights  go  dim  as  the  last  of  it 
passes  from  the  stage.) 

END  OF  THE  SCENE. 
INTERLUDE 

The  choisters  sing  "Our  Illinois",  as  follows: 
Our  father's  God,  Thy  name  we  bless 
And  all  Thy  mercies  we  confess 

With    solemn   joy : 

Our  prairies  rich  with  fruitful  loam, 
Our  rivers  singing  as  they  roam, 
The  happiness  that  is  our  home, 

Our  hope,  our  Illinois. 

How  many  times,  Almighty  God, 
Our  fathers  passed  beneath  the  rod 

Thy    years    employ ! 
Grant  that  their  faith  be  justified 
In  us,  for  whom  they  fought  and  died ; 
Their  love  for  Thee  our  lasting  pride 

And    hope     for     Illinois. 

Our  fathers'  God,  put  forth  Thy  might; 
Through  Thee  may  we  defend  the  right, 

The  wrong  destroy. 
Lead  us  afar  from  greed  and  lust, 
Teach  us  our  duty,  make  us  just; 
In  Thee  our  best,  our  only  trust, 

Our  hope   for  Illinois. 

Great  Lord,  Thy  law  hath  made  us  free 
And  all  our  freedom  rests  on  Thee, 

Our  stay  and  buoy. 

We  give  Thee  praise  for  banished  fears, 
For  righted  evils,  contrite  tears; 
Keep  steadfast  to  her  stainless  years 

Our  hope,  our  Illinois. 

SCENE  TWO. 
THE  COMING  OF  THE  FLAG 

The  lights  rise  upon  Che-ca-gou  as  before,  who 
recites  Prologue  II: 

Slow,  slowly  plod  these  days  of  ancient  time, 

So  hastily  gathered  here  for  you  in  words 

And  brief  enacted  scenes.  Though  France  to 
Britain 

Her  empire  yields,  over  this  soil  of  yours 

No  British  ensign  burned — so  far,  so  poor, 

And  so  remote  it  rested.    To  the  East 

A  Nation  rose,  and  Clark  two  years  thereafter, 

Even  on  her  natal  day,  flung  to  the  skies 

The  starry  standard  of  this  new-born  folk 

Above  the  country  of  our  Illinois. 

Yet  still  the  fourth  part  of  a  century 

Must  pass  before  your  Banner  hither  came; 

Fort  Dearborn  brought  it,  and  in  lonely  pride 

Stood  till  the  fires  of  hideous  war  were  lit 

And  braves  of  other  tribes  did  horrors  here. 

Leaving  a   darkling   wilderness   once   more. 

The  lights  dim. 

Persons  of  the  Episode: 

JOHN  WHISTLER,  U.  S.  A.,  captain  com- 
manding Fort  Dearborn. 

WILLIAM  WHISTLER,  U.  S.  A.,  lieutenant, 
his  son. 

MOSES  HOOKE,  U.  S.  A.,  lieutenant. 

MRS.  JOHN  WHISTLER. 

GEORGE  WHISTLER,  her  young  son. 

MRS.  WILLIAM  WHISTLER,  a  bride. 

The   surgeon's  mate. 

Four  sergeants. 

Three  corporals. 

Four  musicians. 

Fifty-four  privates. 

Many  Indians. 

Just  before  sunrise  in  the  autumn  of  1803. 
The  scene  is  as  before,  with  the  addition  of 
Fort  Dearborn,  of  which  the  corner  block- 
house shows  and  a  stockade  stretching  down 
to  the  north  and  west,  in  which  is  a  prac- 
ticable gate  with  a  tall  flag-staff  in  front 
of  it  about  which  four  small  cannon  are 
parked,  one  ready  for  the  salute  at  sunrise. 
Mrs.  John  and  Mrs.  William  Whistler  are 
standing  near,  with  George  Whistler  as  the 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


17 


lights  go  up  for  the  late  dawn.    Indians  are 
sauntering  and  waiting  about. 
MRS.  JOHN  WHISTLER.     Isn't  it  good  to 
have   the   fort   finished,   Mary,  with   all   these 
Indians  about? 

MRS.  WILLIAM  WHISTLER.  Sleeping  in 
tents  when  we  first  came  was  nervous,  in  spite 
of  the  sentries,  mother.  I  think  I  was  more 
afraid  for  you  and  George  than  I  was  for 
myself. 

GEORGE  WHISTLER.  It  was  better  when 
we  got  inside  the  stockade,  wasn't  it?  But 
it's  good  to  have  it  done  and  ourselves  inside 
it,  just  the  same. 

MRS.  JOHN.  The  old  Flag  always  looks 
good  to  me,  but  I  think  it  will  look  especially 
good  this  morning. 

GEORGE.  They're  going  to  take  it  inside  the 
fort  this  morning,  and  mount  the  cannon  too, 
aren't  they,  Mary? 

MRS.  WILLIAM.  So  your  father  said  last 
night. 

(Drumbeats  are  heard  within  the  stockade, 
and  the  gate  opens.  Preceded  by  the  mu- 
sicians, the  company  comes  out,  Captain 
Whistler  at  its  head.  The  military  cere- 
mony of  hoisting  and  saluting  the  Flay 
follows,  the  company  forming  in  hollow 
square,  open  toward  the  audience,  a 
sergeant  standing  by  to  fire  the  gun.  The 
light  quickens  as  the  sun  appears  above 
the  horizon,  the  cannon  is  fired,  the  sol- 
diers salute  the  Flag,  and  the  musicians 
play  the  President's  March  (Hail  Co- 
lumbia). The  lights  dim  and  the  stage  is 
cleared.) 

(END  OF  THE  EPISODE.) 
EPISODE  TWO. 

Persons  of  the  Episode: 

NATHAN  HEALD,  U.  S.  A.,  captain  com- 
manding Fort  Dearborn. 

LINAI  THOMAS  HELM,  U.  S.  A.,  lieu- 
tenant. 

GEORGE  RONAN,  U.  S.  A.,  ensign. 

Doctor  ISAAC  VAN  VOORHEES,  U.  S.  A., 
surgeon's  mate. 

Captain  WILLIAM  WELLS,  Apeconit  from 
Fort  Wayne. 

JOHN    GRIFFITH,    quartermaster    sergeant. 

The   sentry. 

JOHN  KINZIE  (Shaw-we-aw-kee,  the  Silver- 
man). 

MRS.  HEALD,  formerly  Rebekah  Wells,  niece 
of  Captain  Wells. 

MRS.  HELM,  formerly  Margaret  McKillip, 
daughter  to  Mrs.  Kinzie  by  a  former  mar- 
riage. 

WINAMAC  (The  Catfish),  a  war  chief  of 
the  Potawatomi. 

MACATEE-BENAIS    (The  Black  Partrige), 
a  war  chief  of  the  Potawatomi. 
Chiefs  of  the  Potawatomi : 

WAW-BEE-NEE-MAH 

PEE-SO-TUM 

WAU-BAN-SEE 

KEE-PO-TAH 

Three  sergeants. 

Three  corporals. 

Four  musicians. 

Fifty-three   privates. 

Twenty  militiamen. 

Ten  women. 

Twenty  children. 

Twenty-seven  Miami,  under  command  of  Cap- 
tain Wells,  from  Fort  Wayne. 

Two  hundred  Potawatomi  braves. 

Potawatomi  women  and  children. 

The  scene  as  before,  save  that  the  cannon  and 
flagstaff  are  now  removed  within  the  fort, 
and  the  Flag  is  fiying  there.  It  is  Saturday 
afternoon,  August  8,  I8I^.  Sentries  are  on 
guard  about  the  fort  and  a  few  desultory 
Indians  are  near.  The  gate  of  the  fort  is 
open. 

Enter,  running  from  the  south,  Winamac, 
to  the  open  gate.  The  Indians  about  follow 
him  thither,  seeking  to  know  his  errand.  The 
sentry  at  the  gate  takes  an  active  interest  in 
the  runner's  approach. 

THE  SENTRY.     Call  the  sergeant! 


(Quartermaster-sergeant  John  Griffiths  ap- 
pears from  within  the  gate  as  Winamac 
reaches  it.) 

GRIFFITHS.    Who  goes  there? 
WINAMAC.     Winamac,    war     chief    of    the 
Potawatomi,    with    dispatches    from    General 
Hull  at  Detroit. 

(The   Indians   about   whisper  under  stand- 
ingly to  one  cnother.) 
GRIFFITHS.    Give  them  to  me. 
WINAMAC.    They  are  to  go  into  the  hands 
of  Captain  Heald. 

GRIFFITHS  (to  sentry).  Take  Chief  Wina- 
mac to  the  captain.  And  send  a  corporal  with 
a  squad  to  clear  away  these  savages. 

[Exit  sentry  within  the  fort.  Enter  from 
fort  a  corporal  with  a  squad  of  soldiers. 
At  a  sign  from  Griffiths  they  push  away 
the  Indians  and  stand  guard  to  prevent 
their  return. 

[Enter  from  the  fort  Captain  Heald  and 
Winamac.  The  sentry  returns  also. 


Edward  Moore, 

Composer  of  Music  for  Festival  Play 

HEALD.  Sergeant  Griffiths,  my  compliments 
to  Mr.  John  Kinzie,  and  will  he  be  so  good 
as  to  attend  me  on  business  of  immediate  im- 
portance. 

[Exit  Griffiths  left.] 

WINAMAC.  You  had  best  leave  the  Fort  as 
soon  as  possible,  Captain. 

HEALD  (surprised).  Chief,  do  you  know 
what  was  in  those  dispatches? 
WINAMAC.  Yes,  Captain.  You  are  to  go  to 
Detroit  or  Fort  Wayne,  abandoning  the  Fort 
and  turning  over  all  the  supplies  in  it  to  the 
Indians. 

HEALD.  How  do  you  come  to  know  that, 
Chief? 

WINAMAC.  I  would  not  run  for  General 
Hull  unless  he  told  me. 

HEALD.  You  understand  that  you  are  to 
have  the  supplies? 

WINAMAC.  Yes,  Captain.  In  return  the 
Potawatomi  are  to  give  you  safe  passage  to 
wherever  you  want  to  go.  If  I  were  you,  I 
should  go  at  once;  if  not,  stand  a  siege  and 
await  reinforcements. 


[Kinsie  is  seen  approaching  with  Griffiths, 
left. 

HEALD.  That  will  do  for  the  time,  Chief. 
I  will  see  you  anon. 

[Winamac  joins  the  waiting  Indians. 
Grffiths  motions  the  corporal  back  into  the 
Fort.  More  Indians  enter  right  and  join 
Winamac  and  his  band. 

KINZIE    (shaking   hands).    Good   afternoon, 
Captain  Heald.     You  wish  to  see  me? 
HEALD.     I   have  just   received  orders   from 
General  Hull  (reading)  "to  evacuate  the  Fort, 
if  practicable,  and,  in  that  event,  to  distribute 
all   the   United   States'   property   in   the   Fort, 
and  in  the  United   States'   factory  or  agency, 
among  the  Indians  in  the  neighborhood." 
KINZIE.    How  soon  can  you  start,  Captain? 
HEALD.    Oh,  there  is  no  haste,  Mr.  Kinzie. 
In  return  for  the  government's  property  in  the 
Fort  and  Agency  the  Potawatomi  are  to  pro- 
vide me  with  a  safe  escort  whenever  I  start. 
KINZIE.    But  there  are  Winnebago  about— 
as   hostile   as   hell.     They  have  already   done 
murder,  as  you  know.     And  the  young  Pota- 
watomi braves — the  British  won  them  over  at 
St.  Joseph  two  years  ago.    You  had  better  get 
your  company  out  tomorrow   morning  before 
any  more  of  them  get  here. 
HEALD.     Mr.   Kinzie,   I   must  have  time  to 
consider  upon  these  matters. 
KINZIE.     You  are  provisioned  for  six  months, 
cattle  and  supplies,  are  you  not,  Captain?    You 
have  plenty  of  ammunition? 
HEALD.     Yes ;  that  I  am  ordered  to  turn  over 
to  the  Indians. 

KINZIE.    Not  if  you  will  stand  a  siege,  sir. 
To  turn  over  the  ammunition  to  the  friends 
of  Great  Britain  in  war  time  is  madness. 
HEALD.    You    presume,    sir.      The    Indians 
will  come  in  from  hundreds  of  miles  around. 
They  are  aware  of  what  is  in  my  dispatches. 
[More  Indians  enter  right  and  join  Wina- 
mac. 

KINZIE.  I  have  no  intention  to  offend  you, 
sir,  but  that  is  a  reason  for  an  immediate  de- 
cision. They  are  already  coming  in.  The 
news  spreads  like  a  prairie  fire  and  the  wolves 
run  before  it.  All  the  more  reason  why  you 
should  evacuate  immediately  unless  you  de- 
termine to  stand  a  siege. 
HEALD.  Yes;  but  I  must  take  time.  The 
responsibility  is  great,  and  it  is  all  on  my 
shoulders.  If  I  obey  orders,  it  rests  with 
General'  Hull.  If  I  act  on  my  own  authority 
and  anything  goes  amiss,  I  shall  be  court- 
martialed. 

KINZIE.  But  my  God,  man,  we  are  at  war, 
and  we  have  not  a  friend  among  the  younger 
braves.  The  older  men  can't  hold  them.  You'd 
better  stand  a  siege.  There  are  a  dozen  women 
and  a  score  of  little  children  to  think  of. 

[The  light  dims  to  indicate  the  lapse  of 
time,  and  goes  up  to  find  the  scene  as  be- 
fore. Enter  right,  marching  rapidly,  Cap- 
tain Wells  and  his  twenty-seven  Miami, 
to  the  intense  interest  of  the  other  Indians 
about.  As  before,  the  sentry  notes  the 
approaching  band.  It  is  the  afternoon  of 
August  14. 

SENTRY.    Within    there!      Report    the    ap- 
proach of  thirty  Indians  led  by  a  white  man. 
[Enter  from   Fort   Captain   Heald,  Lieu- 
tenant Helm,  and  Ensign  Ronan  as  Cap- 
tain   Wells    reaches    the    gate.      He    dis- 
misses his  Miami,  one  going  off  left  and 
the   others  standing   aloof,   to   be   quickly 
surrounded  by  the  Potawatomi  already  on 
the   ground   more   numerous   than   before. 
HEALD.     Captain  Wells,  I  am  glad  to  see  you 
sir.      It    will    relieve    my    wife's    anxieties    to 
know  that  you  have  come. 

[Wells  shakes  his  hand  and  greets  the 
other  officers,  who  are  evidently  not  with 
their  commanding  officer  and  the  situation 
is  strained. 

WELLS.  How  is  my  niece?  In  good  health, 
I  trust? 

HEALD.     She  is  well,  but  very  anxious. 
WELLS.     To  tell  the  truth,  it'  is  anxiety  that 
brings  me  and  my  braves  from  Fort  Wayne  at 


18 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


this  time.  I  hear  bad  news.  What  is  the  situa- 
tion now  ? 

HELM.  The  Captain  insists  upon  evacuating 
this  Fort  and  turning  a  great  store  of  whiskey, 
lead,  gunpowder,  and  small  arms  over  to  these 
gathering  savages. 

RONAN.  And  we  have  provisions  for  a  six 
months'  siege — and  there  are  the  women  and 
little  children. 

HEALD.     Silence,   gentlemen !    or    I    shall    be 
obliged  to  order  you  into  the  Fort  and  consult 
with   Captain   Wells  alone. 
HELM.     You   are  about  to  risk   his   valuable 
life  as   well  as  ours. 

HEALD.  Silence,  sir!  Where  is  John  Kin- 
zie? 

WELLS.  He  is  advised  of  my  coming.  Ah, 
there  he  is  now. 

[Enter,  left,  Kinzie,  who  greets  Wells 
with  warmth. 

KINZIE.  — I  am  sincerely  glad  to  see  you 
here,  Captain  Wells,  for  all  our  sakes ;  but  not 
for  your  own.  You  will  lend  weight  to  our 
counsels. 

WELLS.     There  is  difference  of  opinion? 
HELM.    Indeed  there   is! 

RONAN.  All  the  difference  in  the  world— 
between  life  and  death. 

HEALD  (with  a  sneer).  Are  you  afraid,  Mr. 
Ronan? 

RONAN.     I  can  march  up  to  the  enemy  where 
you  dare  not  show  your  face,  sir! 
KINZIE.     Peace,    gentlemen.      There    is    war 
enough  on  every  hand,  without. 
HEALD.     State  the  position,  Mr.  Kinzie.    We 
differ,  but  you  are  a  just  and  honest  man. 
KINZIE.     Captain    Heald    now    proposes    to 
evacuate  the  Fort,  after  waiting  almost  a  week, 
and  to  distribute  all  whiskey,  ammunition,  and 
supplies  to  these  Indians. 
WELLS.    Captain  Heald,  may  I  ask  what  is 
the  present   state  of  your  arms,  ammunition, 
and  provisions? 

HEALD.     Captain   Wells,   we  have  two  hun- 
dred stands  of  arms,   four  cannon,  six  thou- 
sand  pounds   of   gunpowder,    a    sufficiency   of 
shot  lead,  three  months'  provisions   in   Indian 
corn,  two  hundred  head  of  horned  cattle,  and 
twenty-seven  barrels  of  salt. 
HELM.     Enough    to   stand    a   siege— at   least 
until  reinforcements  can  reach  us. 
RONAN.     Or  the  British  come  to  take  con- 
trol—I'd  rather   fall   into  the  hands  of   their 
officers  than  those  of  these  red  devils. 
WELLS.    Captain    Heald,    do   you    intend   to 
evacuate? 

HEALD.     I  do,  sir,  tomorrow  morning. 
WELLS.    I  beg  of  you  to  destroy  the  arm?, 
ammunition,  and  whiskey. 

HEALD.  It's  bad  policy  to  tell  a  lie  to  an 
Indian,  and  I  have  a  positive  order  to  give  ivp 
all  public  property — all,  Captain  Wells — to 
these  Indians.  To  do  otherwise  would  be  to 
irritate  the  promised  escort  and  endanger  us 
all. 

KINZIE.  I  will  take  on  my  shoulders  the 
blame  for  destroying  these  things,  as  Captain 
Wells  proposes.  Here,  let  me  write  an  order 
as  coming  from  General  Hull  to  that  effect. 
Will  that  answer,  Captain  Heald? 
HEALD.  I  think  I  should  have  time  to  con- 
sider the  matter  thoroughly. 
WELLS.  Captain  Heald,  no  time  remains  if 
you  are  leaving  the  Fort  tomorrow  morning. 
HELM  (despairingly).  The  man  has  had  a 
week  already. 

HEALD.     Very  well,  Mr.  Kinzie.     Write  the 
order,  and  I  will  see  ahout  the  rest. 
RONAN.    When?     Now? 
HEALD    (stung    by    the   sarcasm).     Immedi- 
ately,  sir,   immediately. 

KINZIE.  Very  w.ell,  sir.  I  wi'l  destroy  al! 
the  alcohol  I  have  in  store  as  well. 

[Exeunt  into  the  Fort.  Heald.  Helm,  Ro- 
nan, and  Kinzie.  Wells  stands  a  moment 
in  grave  doubt  before  sauntering  over  to  a 
group  of  Potawatomi  chiefs  who.  at  his 
approach,  come  to  meet  him  slowly.  Sol- 
emn greetings  are  exchanged  Dttween 
them,  no  word  being  spoken  while  each 
party  waits  for  the  other  to  begin.  At 
last. 


WELLS.  O  Chiefs,  I  shall  march  forth  with 
blackened  face.  The  doom  is  upon  me. 
WINAMAC.  O  Apenconit,  he  will  not  stand 
a  siege?  I  knew  he  would  not.  At  least  have 
him  destroy  the  whiskey ;  it  maddens  the  Pota- 
watomi. 

WELLS.  I  have  persuaded  him  to  so  much 
at  least,  O  Winamac. 

WABANSEE.  Our  young  men  will  hold  it 
a  breach  of  faith  to  destroy  the  whiskey,  O 
Apeconit. 

WELLS.  It  is  hopeless,  either  way,  O  Wa- 
bansee. 

THE    BLACK    PARTRIDGE.     I    will    save 
your  niece,  O  Apeconit — and  the  other  women, 
if  I  can.    You  are  a  brave  man. 
WELLS.     You  have   my   thanks,  O   Macatee- 
Benais.     I  go. 

THE  CHIEFS.  You  are  a  brave  man,  O  Ape- 
conit. 

[There  is  a  silent  and  solemn  leave-taking. 
The  lights  go  dim. 

[The  lights  go  up  upon  the  scene  as  before, 
except  that  no  Flag  flies  over  the  Fort. 
It  is  nine  o'clock  of  the  morning  of  Satur- 
day, August  15,  1812.  A  great  crowd  of 
Indians  in  war  paint,  their  squaws  hover- 
ing near,  awaits  the  coming  out  of  the 
garrison,  in  utter  silence. 
[The  music  of  the  Dead  March  is  heard 
within  the  Fort,  its  gates  come  open,  and 
Captain  Wells,  with  fifteen  of  his  Miami 
lead  the  little  procession.  He  is  followed 
by  the  band  of  four  musicians  playing 
their  dirge.  After  them  in  order  com;' 
Lieutenant  Helm  with  twenty  men  of  the 
command,  and  as  many  militiamen  not  in 
uniform  under  Ensign  Ronan.  A  dozen 
women,  including  Mrs.  Heald  and  Mrs. 
Helm,  are  in  wagons  with  twenty  small 
children.  Captain  Heald  with  the  rest  of 
the  soldiers  and  twelve  Miami  form  the 
rear-guard.  They  march  slowly  out  and 
turn  to  the  south,  the  Indians,  each  band 
with  its  Chief,  following  them  to  the 
centre  of  the  stage.  Here  the  Indians 
break  into  a  run  and  dart  behind  the  sand 
dune.  After  the  vanguard  has  passed 
from  the  stage,  Captain  Wells  runs  back, 
waving  his  arms. 

WELLS.  We  are  surrounded !  They  are 
about  to  attack  !  Defend  yourselves  ! 

[The  women  and  children  are  gathered 
together  as  the  Indians  begin  firing  from 
the  dune,  the  Americans  falling  on  every 
hand.  Captain  Wells  fires,  fights  desper- 
ately, and  at  last  falls.  So  Ensign  Ronan. 
Lieutenant  Helm  is  wounded.  The  Indians 
growing  bolder,  attack  the  women  and 
children,  who  shriek.  Mrs.  Helm  is  seized 
by  Pesotum,  who  would  brain  her  with 
his  hatchet,  and  is  rescued  by  the  Black 
Partridge.  A  charge  is  made  up  the  dune 
by  the  surviving  soldiers,  and  many  fall. 
Indians  run  in  from  every  side  with  the 
war-whoop  and  shrill  cries  of  victory. 
(END  OF  THE  SCENE.) 

INTERLUDE 

The  choristers  sing  the  Calumet  Song  of  the 
Illinois,  noted  by  Father  Jacques  Marquette, 
as  follows: 
Hail,    Manitou ! 
War  now  shall  cease : 
Here  make  we  peace 
Secure  and  true. 
Buried  the  knife, 
Ending  all  strife 
Peaceful  we  go 
Ho!    Ho! 
Hail,  Manitou ! 
This  deed  we  do 
Peace  to  renew. 
Chieftnins.! 

Pass  the  pipe,  the  Calumet, 
Puff  the  smoke  on  hiprh! 
Pass  the  pipe  now  and  let 
Sacred  smoke  reach  the  sky ! 
Smell    the    fragrant    smoke   ascending. 
Manitou,   hear   thy  children ! 
Sacred  smoke  our  bloodshed  now   ending 


Bear  our  oath  un  high  to  You ! 

Ni-na  ha-ni 

Ni-na  ha-ni 

Ni-na  ha-ni 

i\a-zo   on-go. 

Ni-na  ha-ni 

Ni-na  ha-ni 

Ni-na  ha-ni 

Ho  ho. 

Ni-na  ha-ni 

Ni-na  ha-ni 

Ni-na  ha-ni. 

Co-ma  ban-no-ge 

Ni-chil-cha  co-ge 

A-ke  a-wa. 

Ban-no-ge  ni-chil-cha 

Sha-ge-be  he  he  ha. 

Min-tin-go-me  toi-de  pi-ni 

Pi-ni  he  ni-chil-cha-le 

Mat-chi-mi-nan   ba   mic-tan-de 

Mic-tan-de  pi-ni  pi-ni  he. 

SCENE  THREE. 
THE  PASSING  OF  THE  SAVAGE. 

The  lights  rise  on  Che-ca-gou  as  before,  who 
recites  Prologue  III. 

For  years  the  howl  of  wolves  and  stealthy 
tread 

Of  moccasins  alone  this  silence  broke, 

Until  the  Fort,  rebuilt,  stood  forth  to  curb 

Old  lusts ;  for  here  was  set  a  mighty  throne 

Wrought  for  a  race  of  conquerors.    Ye  give 

New   lands   toward  the   setting  sun   to   tribes 

That  hindered  you,  and  all  their  bows  and 
spears 

Were  herded  hence  at  last,   for  ever  gone, 

Even  as   my   Illinois  aforetime  went, 

Not  one  remaining  now  to  tell  his  tale. 

Yet  not  as  captive  slaves  met  they  their  fate, 

As  yet  shall  see;  with  dance  and  whoop  of  war 

Defiantly  they  took  their  path  afar. 

Thus  shall  ye  note  the  birth  of  this  your 
town, 

An  upstart  village  on  a  far  frontier, 

Where  one  by  one  caipe  sailing  o'er  our  Lake 

Or  straggling  round  its  shores  your  pioneers. 

They  found  a  miry  marsh  and  piling  sands; 

Pestilence  slew  them,  and  the  life  was  hard; 

But  courage  and  determination  high 

Came  with  them,  and  they  founded  happy 
homes, 

Beginning  the  Chicago  ye  revere. 

The  light  dims. 

Persons  of  the  scene: 

GEORGE  B.  PORTER.  Governor  of  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Michigan,  Chief  Indian  Commis- 
sioner. 

THOMAS  J.  V.  OWEN,  Indian  Commis- 
sioner. 

WILLIAM  WEATHERFORD,  Indian  Com- 
missioner. 

WILLIAM  LEE  D.  EWING,  Secretary  to  the 
Commission. 

TO-PEE-NEE-BE,  an  old  Chief. 

SAW-SAW-QUAS-SEE,   a   young   Chief. 

ALEXANDER  ROBINSON  (Che-che-bin- 
quay),  a  Chief. 

BILLY  CALDWELL.  Sauganash  (Shaw- 
waw-nas-see),  a  Chief. 

First   Chicagoan. 

Second  Chicagoan. 

Third    Chicagoan. 

First    Newcomer. 

Second  Newcomer. 

Third  Newcomer. 

Officers   and   soldiers    from   Fort   Dearborn. 

Citizens,   many   men   and   a   few  women. 

Two  hundred  Indians,  braves,  squaws,  and 
papooses. 

The  light  rises  again.  It  is  Thursday  morn- 
ing, September  26.  /S.?.?,  in  the  newly  in- 
corporated town  of  Chicago,  the  day  of  the 
signing  of  the  final  treaty  between  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  and  the  Chiefs 
of  the  United  Nation  of  the  Potau'atomi, 
Chlppewa.  and  Ottawa.  A  row  of  frame 
houses  and  log  cabins  stands  in  South  Water 
Street,  between  State  and  Wells.  The  scene 
is  populous  with  Indian  braves,  squaws,  and 
papooses  come  for  the  feasting  at  govern- 
ment expense  which  goes  with  the  treaty. 


October  1,  1921} 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


19 


There  are  citizens,  a  few  of  them  women, 
newcomers,  many  attracted  by  the  distribu- 
tion of  money  to  the  creditors  of  the  Indians 
under   the   treaty,  and   officers  and   soldiers 
from    the    new   Fort    Dearborn,   garrisoned 
anew  since  the  Black  Hawk  War  of  the  year 
before.    The  Indian  Chiefs  are  in  their  most 
gorgeous  costumes,  and  a  circle  of  them  is 
seated,   passing    the   peace   pipe    as   Indian 
maidens  dance  slowly  to  the  movement  of 
the  Calumet  Song.    A  party  of  Chicagoans 
is  showing  a  party  of  newcomers  the  sights 
from  the  outskirts  of  the  busy  throng. 
FIRST     CHICAGOAN.     Do    you     see     that 
Indian  Chief  over  yonder?    That's  Billy  Cald- 
well,     who     calls     himself     Sauganash,     the 
Englishman.     He  stood  by  the  Americans  at 
the  time  of  the  massacre  eleven  years  ago,  and 
he   saved   this   place   when   Black   Hawk  took 
the  war-path  last  year.    He's  all  for  the  treaty. 
Yes,  sir! 

FIRST     NEWCOMER.     Sauganash?     Why, 
that's  what  they  call  your  tavern  over  there. 
SECOND  CHICAGOAN.     Yes;  that's  a  joke 
of    Beaubien's — done    out    o'    compliment    to 
Billy,  as  you  might  say.     It  all  helps. 
THIRD   CHICAGOAN.    Well,   what  do  you 
think  of  Chicago? 

SECOND  NEWCOMER.  It's  a  busy  place 
for  the  size  of  it. 

THIRD  CHICAGOAN.  We  just  got  incorpo- 
rated as  a  town  last  month,  and  we  got  twenty- 
eight  votes  at  the  election.  Figuring  five  people 
to  the  vote  that  gives  us  a  population  of  a  good 
one  hundred  and  forty.  And  there's  a  thou- 
sand more  coming.  How's  that? 
SECOND  NEWCOMER.  How  old  is  the 
place  ? 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  Well,  after  the  In- 
dians burnt  down  the  Fort  in  1812  there  wasn't 
a  soul  here  but  Indians  until  seven  years  ago, 
except  the  Kinzies  and  Beaubiens.  Yes,  sir ! 
THIRD  NEWCOMER.  It  looks  today  as  ;.f 
it  had  a  flying  start  toward  becoming  a  good 
sized  place  some  time. 

SECOND  CHICAGOAN.  We've  had  a  post- 
office  here  for  two  years  now.  Do  you  know 
about  the  Canal? 

SECOND  NEWCOMER.    The  Erie  Canal? 
FIRST    CHICAGOAN.     Well,    that    sort    o' 
started  it,  but  I  mean  the  Illinois  and  Michi- 
gan Canal,  yes,  sir ! 

SECOND  NEWCOMER.  No;  are  you  going 
to  have  a  canal? 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  Yes,  sir!  It's  going 
to  join  the  Lake  to  the  Illinois  River — it'll  give 
us  a  water  route  clear  through  to  New  Orleans 
and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  That'll  help. 
THIRD  NEWCOMER.  That  certainly  looks 
as  if  it  might  help. 

THIRD  CHICAGOAN.  Might  help?  Do 
you  see  that  officer  over  yonder  ?  That's  Major 
George  Bender.  He's  been  here  since  July — 
President  Jackson  sent  him  out  here  to  fix  us 
up  a  harbor  at  this  end  of  the  Canal — clear 
away  that  sand  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
and  give  us  a  good  harbor.  Congress  has 
appropriated  $25,000  for  it— how's  that? 
FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  Say,  did  you  hear 
about  the  first  private  vessel  that  ever  did  get 
into  the  river?  It  was  just  last  month.  The 
Westward  Ho  got  stuck  on  the  bar  and  the 
fellows  that  owned  it  hired  eight  yoke  of  oxen 
and  hauled  her  clear  over.  Yes,  sir ! 

[A  signal  gun  is  fired  from  the  Fort.  At 
the  sound  the  Indian  Chiefs  and  braves 
begin  moving  up  centre. 

SECOND  CHICAGOAN.  That's  the  gun  to 
bring  the  Indians  together.  Now  the  Commis- 
sioners will  come  over  the  river — they  built 
houses  on  purpose  for  them — town  so  crowdef! 
there  wasn't  anything:  else  to  do.  That'll  help. 
FIRST  NEWCOMER.  Yes;  we've  noticed 
that  your  hotel  accommodations  isn't  any  too 
good. 

SECOND  CHICAGOAN.    Just  give  us  time1 
We'll  have  as  good  hotels  as  any  in  the  world 
in  a  year  or  two.     That'll  help ! 
SECOND    NEWCOMER.     Well,   you'll   need 
'em  if  you  can  draw  crowds  like  this. 
THIRD   CHICAGOAN.     And   we'll   get  'em' 


Once  move  the  Indians  out  and  Westward  Ho ! 
will  be  the  word. 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  Why,  we've  got 
seven-eighths  of  a  square  mile  in  our  town 
limits  right  now — a  good  seven  hundred  and 
sixty  acres.  They  run  up  there  (pointing 
north)  clear  to  Ohio  Street;  and  up  there 
(pointing  south)  to  Jackson  Street,  clear  over 
to  Jefferson  Street  on  the  west  side,  and  down 
here  to  State  Street. 

THIRD  NEWCOMER.     Is  that  State  Street 
where  the  slough  runs  down  to  the  river? 
FIRST    CHICAGOAN.    All    our    streets   are 
marked  out  with  stakes.     We're  all  ready  to 
grow.    Yes,  sir ! 

THIRD  CHICAGOAN.  Why,  we've  got  four 
churches  already,  and  a  newspaper,  and  a 
school !  How's  that  ? 

[The  Indian  Commissioners  and  their 
Secretary,  escorted  by  a  squad  of  soldiers, 
interpreters  and  hangers  on  following,  are 
making  their  way  slowly  through  the 
crowd  to  the  spot  prepared  in  the  centre 
of  the  stage  with  chairs  and  tables. 


.-* 


Donald  Robertson, 

Director,  Festival  Plan 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  Do  you  realize  what 
this  treaty  is  going  to  mean  to  us?  The  Gov- 
ernment is  going  to  pay  up  the  debts  the 
Indians  have  been  accumulating  ever  since  the 
war  with  England  started — a  hundred  and 
seventy-five  thousand  dollars  worth  of  'em ! — 
more  than  a  thousand  dollars  apiece  to  every 
man,  woman,  and  child  in  the  place  on  an  aver- 
age. Yes,  sir! 

FIRST  NEWCOMER.    That  ought  to  put  the 
place  on  a  good  substantial  footing. 
SECOND  CHICAGOAN.    The  Kinzies'll  get 
ten  thousand  of  that  alone.     It'll  all  help. 

[There  is  a   roll  of  drums.     The   Indiati 
Chiefs  are  seated  in  front  of  the  Commis- 
sioners  in   semicircles.      The   citizens   and 
newcomers  arrange  themselves  to  the  right 
side  of  the  tables,  the  Indian  braves  and 
squaws   to   the  left.     Another  roll   of  the 
drums  hushes  the  crowd. 
GOVERNOR  PORTER.    Chiefs  of  the  Unit- 
ed Nation,  Potawatomi,  Chippewa,  and  Ottawa, 
my  children !     The  day  is   fair  and  no  cloud 
dims  the  sky.     Even  so  the  light  of  the  Great 
Father  in  Washington  is  shining  clearly  upon 
you,    and    no    cloud    stands    between    us    here. 
You  all  know  the  terms  of  our  treaty ;   they 
have  been  told  you  again  and  again ;  but  Mr. 
Ewing,  our   Secretary,  will   state  them  briefly 
to  you  once  more — we  wish  no  clouds  in  thv 
sky.     Mr.   Secretary. 
THE  INDIANS.    Ugh!    Ugh' 


EWING.  Mr.  Commissioners  and  Chiefs  of 
the  United  Nation!  For  the  five  millions  of 
acres  you  are  giving  up  to  the  Great  Father 
in  northern  Illinois  and  in  the  territory  of 
Wisconsin,  you  are  to  have  another  five  mil- 
lion of  acres  in  western  Missouri,  which  fifty 
of  your  Chiefs  will  see,  and  to  these  you  arc 
to  transport  yourselves.  You  shall  have  food 
for  the  journey  and  for  one  year  after  your 
coming  to  your  new  homes.  A  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars  in  food  and  provisions  will  be 
given  you,  part  now  and  the  rest  within  the 
year  As  much  money  will  settle  certain  debts 
of  the  Chippewas,  and  one  hundred  and  seven- 
ty-five dollars  in  addition  will  pay  all  the  other 
debts  you  owe  to  the  good  people  hereabouts 
One  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  will  be  used 
to  build  you  houses,  mills,  and  shops,  buy  you 
tools  to  work  your  lands  and  support 
physicians,  millers,  blacksmiths,  and  others,  to 
help  you.  Two  hundred  and  eighty  thousand 
dollars  will  be  paid  you  in  annuities  of  four- 
teen thousand  dollars  a  year  for  twenty  years; 
and  seventy  thousand  dollars  will  be  used  for 
your  education.  I  have  spoken. 

TO-PEE-NEE-BE  (rising).  We  wish  now 
I?  A  yu"'  °  Messengers  from  the  Great 
father,  why  you  have  brought  all  your  Indian 
children,  Chiefs  and  braves  of  the  Potawatomi 
Chippewa  and  Ottawa  of  the  United  Nation, 
here  to  Ch.cago.  We  ask  you.  I,  To-pee-nee- 
be,  have  spoken. 

SAW-SAW-QUAS-SEE  (rising).  I  am  , 
young  chief  and  not  wise  like  the  Messengers 
from  the  Great  Father  in  Washington.  And 
now  1,  too,  would  like  to  know  why  we,  your 
Indian  children,  have  all  been  brought  here 
1,  i>aw-saw-quas-see,  have  spoken 
GOVERNOR  PORTER  (rising  and  speakino 
with  vexation).  O  my  children,  O  Pota"- 
watomi  and  Chippewa  and  Ottawa  Chieftains 
why  will  you  waste  our  time  with  foolish  talk? 
1  he  Great  Father  will  be  angry  with  you  for 
wasting  words.  You  have  been  told  and  re- 
told why  he  has  brought  you  here,  and  even 
now  you  have  been  told  once  more.  You  have 
ears,  and  you  have  heard.  The  Great  Father 
is  patient,  but  there  is  an  end  of  all  patience 
He  asks  you  to  sign  the  treaty— to  sign  it  now 
—and  to  get  your  supplies  and  provisions  in 
return.  He  will  not  ask  you  again.  I  have 
spoken — for  the  last  time. 

[The  treaty  is  raised  so  that  all  can  see. 
The  Commissioners  append  their  signa- 
tures first,  and  the  Indian  Chiefs,  led  up 
by  Robison  and  Caldwell,  rise  one  by  one 
and  make  their  marks  by  touching  the  end 
of  the  quill  pen  in  Secretary  Swing's  hand. 
The  lights  dim  and  rise  again  to  show 
South  Water  Street  in  August,  1835,  with 
the  war  dance  preparatory  to  the  departure 
of  the  Potawatomi  for  the  west,  which 
was  described  by  John  Dean  Caton,  an 
eye  witness,  as  follows: 

"The  braves  assembled  in  their  bark 
council-house  after  hours  in  their  tepees 
spent  in  making  their  savage  toilet.  All 
were  naked  except  for  a  strip  of  cloth 
about  the  loins,  but  their  bodies  were  cov- 
ered with  elaborate  designs  in  brilliant 
paints,  while  foreheads,  cheeks,  and  noses 
were  lined  with  curved  stripes  of  vermil- 
lion  edged  with  black  points,  that  gave  a 
diabolical  expression  to  their  faces.  The 
long,  coarse,  black  hair  was  gathered  into 
scalp-locks  and  decorated  with  colored 
hawk  and  eagle  feathers  extending  down 
the  back  to  the  ground.  The  braves  were 
armed  with  war  clubs  and  tomahawks, 
and  were  led  by  musicians  who  kept  up  a 
hideous,  rhythmic  din  by  beating  upon 
hollow  vessels  with  sticks. 

"They  advanced,  not  by  marching,  but 
by  a  continuous  dance.  Proceeding  along 
the  north  bank  of  the  river,  they  crossed 
the  eighty-foot  slough  at  Market  bridge 
and  the  north  branch  on  swaying  foot 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


bridges,  thence  along  the  west  bank  to 
Lake  Street,  where  a  log  branch  spanned 
the  south,  branch.  They  were  now  just 
below  the  windows  of  the  Sauganash 
House,  which  stood  on  the  southeast  cor- 
ner of  Lake  and  Market.  *  *  * 

"The  dance,  which  never  stopped,  con- 
sisted of  jerks,  leaps,  and  unnatural  dis- 
tortions, all  performed  with  lightning-like 
swiftness  and  wildcat  grace  and  ferocity. 
There  were  eight  hundred  braves  in  that 
raging  rover  of  dusky  painted  fiends  which 
poured  over  the  bridge  and  flowed  down 
Lake  Street  to  the  Fort.  They  were  froth- 
ing at  the  mouth;  many  had  been  wounded 
by  Hying  tomahawks  and  war  clubs,  and 
blood  mingled  with  dust,  paint,  and  sweat, 
but  the  victims  were  unconscious  of  their 
hurts.  Ladies  at  the  windows  fainted  as 
the  savages  closed  around  the  hotel  to 
perform  extra  exploits.  *  *  *" 

(END  OF  THE  SCENE.) 
INTERLUDE 

The  choristers  sing  The  Chicago  Festival  Song, 

as  follows: 

Mother,  dear  Mother  and   Queen,  marvelous, 
brave  and  alert, 
Rich   in  the  mother's   best   wealth — diligent 

children  and  wise, 

Robed  as  great  monarchs  are  robed,  in  thine 
azure  and  sable  engirt, 
Wonders  of  waters  around,  swirling  of  toil- 
laden   skies, 

Beautiful   art   thou   with   labor   that   chil- 
dren of  men  may  be  blest, 
Lovely  as  mothers  are  lovely  in  youth  with 

a  child  at  the  breast, 
Comely  with  duties   fulfilled,  more  glori- 
ous duties  beyond, 
Mystic    and    wistful    with    visions,    noble 

ideals  and  fond! 

Princely  thy  rule  and  secure  over  a  broaden- 
ing realm, 
Workshop  and  coffer  and  mart,  palace  and 

playground  and  street ; 

Prairies  about  thee  like  seas,  that  the  suns  of 
the  summer  o'erwhelm 
League  upon  league  with  tall  grain  waving 

and  golden  and  sweet. 

Mighty  art  thou  in  thy  children  here  wel- 
comed from  every  land, 
Led  by  the  pioneer  seekers,  true  souls  who 
gave  hardship  their  hand, 
Myriads  strong  in  their  faith  and  eager  to 

found  them  a  State 

Rid  of  all  drones  and  low  dullards,  lib- 
erty-loving,  elate ! 

Musing  art  thou  by  thy   Lake,   fairest  of  all 
in  the  world, 
Amethyst,   beryl,  and  gleam  bordered  with 

billowy  foam, 

Led  by  thy  wisdom  afar  where  the  Father  of 
Waters  is  whirled 

Down  to  the   sapphirine  Gulf — such  is  thy 
throne   and   our    home. 
Wonder  we  thou  that  thou  lovest  the  joys 

of  the  sky  and  the  earth, 
Miracled  color  and  music  and  Art  in   its 

making  and  mirth; 

Sending  thy  children  abroad  with  Loveli- 
ness taken  for  bride; 
Avid  of  books  and  their  bounty,  Learning 

and  Science  in  pride? 

O    thou    great    City   of    Dreams,    fight    to    be 
just  and  be  free; 

Rising,    whatever    thy    hurt,    royal    in    pur- 
pose and  mien ; 

Guarding   America's    shrine   to   give   battle   to 
wrongs  that  yet  be 

Here  in  thy  service  we  strive,  Mother,  dear 
Mother   and  Queen ! 

Here  in   thy   festival  gladness  and  grate- 
ful for  zeal  that  hath  won 
Forth   from  the  mire  of  the  marshes  out 

into  the  glow  of  the  sun, 
Forth  from  the  wrath  of  the  fire  up  unto 

thanksgiving   and   praise, 
Glory  to  God  in  the  Highest,  humbly  our 
voices   we   raise. 


SCENE  IV 
THROUGH  SWORD  AND  FLAME 

The   lights  rise   upon   Che-ca-gou   as    before, 

who  recites  Prologue  IV : 

What  Joliet  had  dreamed  long  years  before, 
The  watercourse  to  link  the  North  and  South, 
Brought  hundreds  here  to  labor;  newly  made, 
Your  harbor  sheltered  steamships,  marvels 

then, 

And  with  them  sped  a  thousand  glittering  sail. 
Your  churches   multiplied  and   schools   arose, 
Building  foundations  deep  and  firm,  of  Faith 
And  Learning.     Little,  timid  railroads   here 
Grew  to  be  pulsing  arteries  of  life 
Throughout  the  Nation's  frame.    Foul  Slavery 
Was  baffled  of  its  victims;  hundreds  went 
To   freedom  hence.     Your  manhood  marched 

in  triumph 

On  Mexico;  then  trumpet  blasts  bespoke 
Your  guns  to  keep  the  Union  safe  and  whole. 
Again   was   victory  yours,   while  myriad 
By  myriad  your  city  grew  and  throve. 
Catastrophe  befell,  and  mile  on  mile 
Chicago  perished ;  all  the  patient  toil 
Of  years  was  wrapped  in  scarlet  flames,  and 

lost. 

The  Nations  came,  in  mercy,  ministering 
To   vast   distress,    and   hope   and    faith    were 

yours.  i 

Chicago  set  her  gaze  upon  the  stars 
And  swift  and  sure  arose  from  burning  ashes, 
Her  future  in  her  single  phrase,  "I  WILL!" 
The  light  dims. 

SCENE  IV 
EPISODE  1 

Persons  of  the  episode: 
FIRST  CHICAGOAN. 
SECOND  CHICAGOAN. 
THIRD  CHICAGOAN. 

General  RICHARD  KELLOGG  SWIFT,  com- 
manding First   Brigade,   Illinois   Militia. 
Captain    JAMES    SMITH,    commanding    the 

Chicago  Light  Artillery. 
Captain  JAMES  R.  HAYDON,  commanding 

Company  A,  Chicago  Zouaves. 
Officers  and  men  of  the  two  commands,  aides 

to  the  general,  etc. 
Chicagoans  in  general,   men  and  women  and 

children. 

The  lights  go  up  on  the  Court  House  and 
Square,  the  Sherman  House  and  old  Tribune 
building  opposite  on  the  late  afternoon  of 
Sunday,  April  21,  1861.  The  city  is  filled 
with  patriotic  enthusiasm,  following  the  call 
of  Governor  Yates  for  Chicago  troops  to 
occupy  Cairo  received  two  days  before,  and 
citizens  with  their  wives  and  children  are 
assembled  in  and  about  the  Square  to  see 
the  first  response  Chicago  makes  at  the  call 
to  arms. 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  Here  it  is  Sunday, 
Governor  Yates  sent  the  call  Friday,  and  our 
soldiers  will  be  in  Cairo  tomorrow — that's 
pretty  good  time. 

SECOND  CHICAGOAN.  We  got  the  call  on 
April  nineteenth — that's  the  anniversary  of 
the  first  shot  fired  in  the  Revolutionary  War — 
at  Lexington,  just  eighty-six  years  ago. 
THIRD  CHICAGOAN.  And  we'll  fire  the 
first  shot  in  the  West  here — that  is,  men  from 
Chicago  will. 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  It's  a  pity  our  Light 
Artillery  haven't  any  fixed  ammunition  to  take 
down  there  with  them. 

THIRD  CHICAGOAN.  Oh,  didn't  you 
hear?  Philetus  Gates  has  had  his  foundry 
running  all  day  casting  cannon  balls,  and 
they've  got  four  hundred  rounds. 
SECOND  CHICAGOAN.  That'll  make  the 
first  shot  in  the  West  a  real  Chicago  shot,  won't 
it? 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  And  the  Chicago 
Zouaves  are  going  down  with  General  Swift, 
too. 

SECOND    CHICAGOAN.     It's    a    pity    Ells- 
worth  couldn't  be  here  to  take  command. 
THIRD    CHICAG9AN.    Isn't   it?     But   he's 
drumming  up  recruits  somewhere  fast  enough. 


Drums  are   heard  in   the   distance,  growing 
louder  as  the  soldiers  approach. 

[Enter  General  Swift  with  his  aides,  the 
band  playing,  followed  by  the  Chicago 
Light  Artillery,  Captain  James  Smith,  with 
four  brass  six-pounder  cannon  and  ap- 
purtenances, and  Company  A,  Chicago 
Zouaves,  Captain  James  R.  Haydon.  The 
flag  with  thirty-four  stars  which  the 
Zouaves  carry  is  loudly  applauded  as  it 
passes,  the  chorus  being  sung  until  the 
command  marches  from,  the  stage  and  the 
music  dies  in  the  distance.  The  lights 
dim. 

(END  OF  EPISODE.) 

SCENE  IV 
EPISODE  2 

Persons  of  the  episodes: 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN. 

SECOND  CHICAGOAN. 

THIRD    CHICAGOAN. 

FOURTH   CHICAGOAN. 

FIFTH   CHICAGOAN. 

SIXTH  CHICAGOAN. 

THE  EDITOR. 

THE   SPEAKER. 

A  male  quartette. 

Chicago  men  and  women  and  children,  with 
many  soldiers  in  uniform. 

The  lights  rise  upon  the  scene  as  before,  just 
before  ten  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  Mon- 
day, February  17,  1862.  The  streets  are 
crowded  with  eager  and  excited  men, 
women,  and  children,  with  many  soldiers 
scattered  through  the  crowds,  seeking  con- 
firmation of  the  rumor  the  day  before  that 
Fort  Donelson  on  the  Cumberland  River  in 
Tennessee  had  been  captured  by  General  U. 
S.  Grant  of  Galena,  formerly  Colonel  of  the 
Twenty-first  Illinois  Infantry. 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN.    Heavens !  but  I  hope 

this    news    from   Fort    Donelson    is    true — it's 

been  discouraging  lately. 

SECOND     CHICAGOAN.     Of     course     it's 

true — it's  got  to  be  true. 

[The  Editor  appears  at  the  second  story 
window  of  the  Tribune. 

THIRD   CHICAGOAN.    Hush!     Keep  still! 

The  Tribune  is  going  to  read  the  news. 

OMNES.    Hush!     Hush! 

EDITOR.    Fort  Donelson  is  ours ! 

[A  scene  of  wild  excitement  and  exhilara- 
tion follows.  Men,  throwing  their  hats 
in  the  air,  hug  one  another  and  caper 
about  fantastically. 

FIRST     CHICAGOAN.    Give     three    cheers 

and  a  tiger  for  Fort  Donelson !     Hip,  hip,  hip 

OMNES.     Hurrah!       Hurrah!       Hurrah! 

Tiger-r-r ! 

[Various  other  cheers  are  started  at  differ- 
ent points  and  carried  through.  Women 
are  weeping  for  joy,  and  children  utter 
shrill  cries  of  delight.  The  crowd  hushes 
itself  again  as  the  Editor  reappears. 

EDITOR   (reading).    A  dispatch  direct  from 

General  Grant  says  that  the  Fort  surrendered 

unconditionally  last  night. 

SECOND    CHICAGOAN.    Three   cheers   for 

General    Grant — U.    S.    Grant — Unconditional 

Surrender  Grant.     Hip,  hip,  hip — 

OMNES.    Hurrah!       Hurrah!       Hurrah! 

Tiger-r-r ! 

[A  procession  forms  of  men  with  linked 
arms  marching  two  by  two  and  chanting. 

MEN.     Grant!     Grant!     U.   S.   Grant!     Un- 
conditional Surrender  Grant ! 

[The  crowd  hushes  itself  once  more  as 
the  Editor  appears  again. 

EDITOR     (reading).     News    from    Donelson 

direct,    six   o'clock   this    morning.      "Johnston, 

Pillow,   and   Buckner  are  all   taken   prisoners. 

When   Floyd   fled   the   rebels   in  the   Fort   de- 
nounced  him   as   a   black-hearted   traitor   and 

coward." 

THIRD    CHICAGOAN.    Three    groans    for 

Floyd.     Now — 

OMNES.    Uh-h!     Uh-h!     Uh-h ! 


October  1,  1921] 

EDITOR    (reading).    Our   cavalry   is   in  hoi 

pursuit  of  the  great  thief  Floyd  and  hopes  to 

capture  him  and  the  rest  of  the  flying  rebels. 

THIRD   CHICAGOAN.    Three  more  groans 

for  Floyd.     Now — 

OMNES.    Uh-h!     Uh-h!     Uh-h ! 

SECOND   CHICAGOAN.     And   three   cheers 

and  a  tiger   for  the  cavalry !     Hip,  hip,  hip — 

OMNES.     Hurrah!        Hurrah!       Hurrah! 

Tiger-r-r ! 

FOURTH     CHICAGOAN.     The     Board     of 

Trade  has  resolved  itself  into  a  war  meeting — 

hurrah ! 

FIFTH    CHICAGOAN.     I've    shut    up    shop 

for   the   day — hurrah  ! 

SIXTH   CHICAGOAN.     So's  everybody  else 

— hurrah ! 

[The   Speaker   climbs  up   on   a   box  and 
waves  his  arms  for  silence. 
FOURTH  CHICAGOAN.     Somebody's  going 
to  make  a  speech ! 
OMNES.     Hush!     Hush! 

SPEAKER.  This  great  victory  gives  us 
Tennessee  and  within  a  week  the  old  Star 
Spangled  Banner  will  float  over  Memphis. 
Kashville,  and  Knoxville  (cheers}.  The  back- 
bone of  the  rebellion  is  broken,  the  Union  is 
saved,  and  the  Illinois  troops  are  entitled  to 
the  chief  share  of  the  glory. 
FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  Three  cheers  for  the 
Illinois  troops.  Hip,  hip,  hip — 
OMNES.  Hurrah!  Hurrah!  Hurrah! 
Tiger-r-r ! 

[A  quartette  of  male  singers  appears  above 
the  heads  of  the  crowd,  and  their  leader 
lifts  his  hands  for  silence  until  it  is 
secured. 

SINGER.     We're  going  to  sing  a  song  or  two 
by  George  F.  Root,  of  Chicago. 

[They  sing  "Tramp,  Tramp,  Tramp"  to 
loud  applause  and  cries  of  "More!"  and 
follow  it  with  "The  Battle  Cry  of  Free- 
dom" to  more  applause.  The  crowd  joins 
in  the  choruses. 

In  the  prison  cell  I  sit,  thinking,  Mother  dear, 
of  you, 
And    our    bright    and    happy    home    so    far 

away; 

And  the  tears  they  fill  my  eyes   spite  of  all 
that   I   can   do, 

Though   I  try  to  cheer  my  comrades  and 
be  gay. 
Tramp !  tramp !  tramp !  the  boys  are  marching, 

Cheer  up,  comrades,  they  will  come, 
And  beneath  the  starry  flag 
We  shall  breathe  the  air  again 

Of  the  free  land  in  our  own  beloved  home. 
So,  within  the  prison  cell,  we  are  waiting  for 
the  day 

That  shall  come  to  open  wide  the  iron  door ; 
And  the  hollow  eye  grows  bright  and  the  poor 
heart  almost  gay 
As   we   think   of   seeing   home  and    friends 

once   more. 
Tramp!  tramp!  tramp!  the  boys  are  marching, 

Cheer  up,  comrades,  they  will  come, 
And  beneath  the  starry  flag 
We  shall  breathe  the  air  again 

Of  the  free  land  in  our  own  beloved  home. 
Yes,    we'll    rally    round    the    flag,    boys,    we'll 
rally  once  again, 

Shouting  the  battle  cry  of   Freedom, 
We  will   rally   from  the  hillside,   we'll  gather 
from  the  plain, 

Shouting  the   battle   cry  of   Freedom. 
The  Union  forever,  hurrah,  boys,  hurrah ! 
Down   with   the   traitor,   up   with   the   star; 
While  we  rally  round  the  flag,  boys,  rally  once 
again, 

Shouting  the  battle  cry  of  Freedom. 
We  are  springing  to  the  call  of  our  brothers 
gone   before, 

Shouting   the   battle   cry   of   Freedom. 
And  we'll  fill  the  vacant  ranks  with  a  million 
freemen  more, 

Shouting  the   battle   cry   of   Freedom. 
The  Union  forever,  hurrah,  boys,  hurrah ! 
Down   with   the  traitor,  up  with  the  star; 
While    we    rally    round    the    flag,    boys,    rally 
once   again, 

Shouting   the  battle   cry  of   Freedom. 
\Thc  Editor  reappears  at  the  window. 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 

EDITOR  (reading).  The  enemy  were  known 
to  have  thirty  thousand  men,  fifteen  thousand 
of  whom  are  our  prisoners — five  thousand 
escaped,  and  the  rest  are  said  to  be  killed  and 
wounded.  Our  loss  is  not  stated,  but  is  ter- 
ribly severe. 

[The  news  is  received  in  profound  silence. 

The  Speaker  begins  again. 
SPEAKER.  There  were  thirty  Illinois  regi- 
ments out  of  a  total  of  forty-two  present  in 
the  contest.  Every  school  district  in  the  State 
had  its  represenative  there.  Thousands  of  our 
Chicago  boys  were  in  the  fight.  Taylor's  splen- 
did battery  is  almost  entirely  made  up  of  Chi- 
cago volunteers ;  Willard's  battery  is  from  this 
city ;  both  consist  of  our  best  young  men. 
McArthur's  Twelfth  Infantry  consists  largely 
of  our  citizens.  Two  or  three  companies  of 
Colonel  Dickey's  Fourth  Cavalry  belong  here. 
Colonel  Dave  Stuart's  Fifty-fifth  and  Colonel 


Herbert  E.  Hyde, 

Director  of  Music,  Festival  Play 

Baldwin's  Fifty-seventh  fine  regiments  were 
recruited  in  this  city  and  contain  hundreds  of 
our  boys  in  the  ranks  (cheers).  But  this  is 
the  greatest  military  achievement  that  the 
American  continent  has  yet  witnessed.  The 
age  is  lightened  of  half  its  care  by  this  victory, 
and  while  Sympathy  will  drop  a  tear  for  the 
bereaved,  Humanity  will  bless  God  for  a  great 
work  accomplished  in  Liberty  avenged  and 
triumphant,  while  Treason  totters  to  its  crum- 
bling base. 

[While  the  Speaker  is  being  cheered,  the 
Editor  appears  again,  and  the  crowd 
hushes. 

EDITOR  (reading).  President  Lincoln 
thanks  General  Grant  and  the  Illinois  soldiers. 
FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  Now  three  rousers 
and  a  tiger  for  Abraham  Lincoln  of  Illinois. 
Hip,  hip,  hip— 

OMNES  (breaking  their  throats),  Hurrah! 
Hurrah !  Hurrah !  Tiger-r-r ! 

(END  OF  THE  EPISODE.) 

SCENE  IV 
EPISODE  3 

Persons  of  the  episode: 
FIRST    CHICAGOAN. 


SECOND    CHICAGOAN. 
THIRD    CHICAGOAN. 
FOURTH  CHICAGOAN. 
A  great  concourse  of   men,  women,  and  chil- 
dren, at  first  spectators  of  the  rising  tide  of 
fire,    later    refugees    from    it,   with    wagons 
and  drays  and  goods  of  all  sorts. 
The  scene  is  as  before,  when  the  lights  go  up, 
except  that  the  wings  of  the  Court  House, 
completed   in    1870,   have   been   added   to   it. 
It  is  nearly  half  past  nine   of  the  evening 
of  Sunday,  October  9,  1871,  and  many  peo- 
ple are  walking  along  the  streets  some  re- 
turning     from      church      services.      It    _  is 
throughout   a   scene,   at   first   of   easy-going 
belief    that   nothing   particular   will   happen, 
quickly  and  intensely  deepening  to  fear  and 
pale  fright,  and  ending  in  despair. 
FIRST     CHICAGOAN     (walking    with    his 
friend).     That  was  a  dreadful  fire  last  night 
—four  solid  blocks   destroyed  just  across  the 
river. 

SECOND  CHICAGOAN.  They  didn't  get  it 
all  out  until  three  o'clock  this  afternoon,  I 
understand. 

FIRST    CHICAGOAN.    It    must    have    ex- 
hausted  the   Fire  Department.     They  made  a 
perfectly  magnificent  fight. 
SECOND  CHICAGOAN.    Three-quarters  of 
a  million  dollars  gone  up  in  flame  and  smoke 
[The  alarm  that  signalized  the  beginning 
of  the  Great  Fire,  342,  is  sounded  from 
the  Court  House  bell.    There  is  a  general 
stopping  to  count  and  listen  on  the  part  of 
the  people  in  the  street. 

FIRST  CHICAGOAN.  Three- four-two— 
that  must  be  over  on  the  west  side. 
SECOND  CHICAGOAN.What  a  pity— with 
the  whole  city  as  dry  as  tinder,  the  wind  howl- 
ing over  from  the  prairies  like  mad,  and  not 
a  drop  of  rain — let's  see:  it's  fourteen  weeks 
now. 

FIRST     CHICAGOAN.    We've     had     thirty 
fires  in  town  this  last  week. 
SECOND     CHICAGOAN.     I     only    hope    it 
hasn't  tired  the  firemen  out.    Well,  I  leave  you 
here.     Good  night. 

THIRD  CHICAGOAN.  Sorry  to  hear  that 
fire  alarm  just  now. 

FOURTH  CHICAGOAN.  Yes;  we've  been 
building  this  town  too  fast.  The  paper  said 
the  other  day  it  was  all  "sham  and  shingles." 
THIRD  CHICAGOAN.  We  ought  to  have 
part  of  the  town — the  business  part,  at  least — 
inside  of  fire  limits  and  not  a  wooden  building 
standing. 

FOURTH  CHICAGOAN.  All  these  shanties 
ought  to  come  down  here  on  the  south  side, 
anyway. 

THIRD  CHICAGOAN.  I  agree  with  you. 
They'd  be  like  a  train  of  gunpowder  if  a  fire 
got  just  a  little  too  much  headway. 
FOURTH  CHICAGOAN.  It  was  the  mercy 
of  God  that  the  fire  last  night  didn't  get  across 
the  river. 

THIRD  CHICAGOAN.  Bad  business— great 
forest  fires  in  Wisconsin,  too,  I  see.  Every- 
thing as  dry  as  punk. 

FOURTH  CHICAGOAN.  And  this  howling 
wind!  (With  apprehension.)  Look  over 
there ! 

[The  light  increases  in  the  distant  sky, 
growing  brighter  and  brighter  with  every 
minute.  The  people  in  the  street  at  first 
walk  to^vard  it,  then  go  fast  and  faster, 
moving  up  the  stage.  Sounds  of  dull  ex- 
plosions are  heard  afar.  The  people  are 
running  up  now,  and  are  beginning  to  be 
met  with  those  coming  down.  A  dull 
roaring  sound  of  approaching  flame  is 
heard  and  the  people  begin  to  pour  back. 
Drays  heavily  laden  pass  down  and  off  to 
the  right  and  left.  The  light  strengthens, 
and  there  are  indications  of  actual  name 
in  the  skies.  Refugees  begin  to  appear, 
bearing  their  household  goods — men  with 
chairs,  tables,  mattresses,  bundles:  women 
with  all  sorts  of  things,  some  of  them 
dragging  trunks  along.  An  undertaker 
with  a  coffin  on  his  head  is  seen  marshal- 
ing several  men  also  carrying  coffins.  The 
roar  of  the  flames  grows  louder  and  smoke 


22 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


and  steam  drift  over  the  lower  stage.  A 
few  men  run  up  the  stage  and  disappear, 
but  the  whole  movement  is  Anally  down 
and  away  from  the  mounting  flame.  A 
woman  despairingly  seeks  her  children, 
looking  into  faces  and  calling  aloud. 
Others  run  on  shrieking  "Fire!"  and 
"Help!"  A  woman  kneels  and  prays,  hold- 
ing a  crucifix  before  her.  (The  bell  on 
the  Court  House  begins  to  toll;  the  roar 
grows  louder;  the  smoke  and  flame  in- 
crease. Loaded  wagons  stop,  their  drivers 
throw  off  their  loads  and  whip  up  their 
horses  to  get  away.  Men  and  women  run 
out  of  the  steam,  their  numbers  growing 
few  and  fewer,  their  gait  faster.  Flames 
appear  all  about  the  building  of  the  scene. 
The  cupola  on  the  Court  House  crumbles 
and  falls,  the  great  bell  giving  forth  a  last 
mighty  clangor.  All  the  buildings  of  the 
scene  fall  in  upon  a  stage  void  of  human- 
kind. Darkness  follows. 

END  OF  THE  SCENE. 
INTERLUDE 

The  choisters  sing,  while  the  orchestra  plays 
the  Festival  March  of  the  Arts. 

SCENE  V 
THE  REBIRTH  OF  BEAUTY 

The  lights  rise  upon  Chc-ca-gou  as  before,  who 

recites  prologue  V : 
Your  phoenix-fires  were  not  yet  cooled,  when 

strength, 

Your  single-minded,  single-hearted  strength 
Of   purpose  built  your  city  brave  and  tall ; 
New  thousands  upon  teeming  thousands  com- 
ing 

To  its  miraculous  rebirth.    Withal 
Came  Beauty,  where  a  patient  love  for  her 
Had  dwelt  from  the  beginning;  and  at  last 
Her  battlements  stand   forth   immaculate 
Beside  these  glittering  waters;   and   the  Arts 
Of  painting,  building,  sculpture,  poesy, 
And  dancing  music  find  new  welcome  here. 
How  happily,  how  deeply  set  and  firm 
Ye  build  who  worship  Loveliness  and  Truth 
Making  your  waking  visions  true  !     Behold  ! 
The  lights  dim. 

SCENE  V— THE  REBIRTH  OF 
BEAUTY 

Persons  of  the  scene: 

The  Republic. 

The  Genius  of  Architecture. 

The  Genius  of  Painting. 

The  Genius  of  Sculpture. 

Aglaia, 

Euphrosyne, 

Thalia, 

The  Three  Graces. 

Calliope, 

Euterpe, 

Erato, 

Melpomene, 

Thalia, 

Polymnia, 

Terpsichore, 

Clio, 

Urania, 
The  Nine  Muses. 

Attendants  upon   the  Republic. 

Attendants  upon   the  three  Genii. 

The  Court  of  Honor  at  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition  of  1893  *n  l'!e  /«"  blase  of 
sunlight.  Enter,  right,  to  the  music  of  the 
Festival  March  of  the  Arts,  the  Graces  and 
Muses,  dancing.  The  Choristers  sing  the 
Paean  of  Art: 

Faiths   arise   and   gods   command   humanity 

only  to  die: 

Art  alone  remains  and  endures; 
Hers   the   bright   enlivening  lures 
Born  between  earth  and  sky. 

Empires  go  in   pride  and   splendor,  passing 

like    clouds    in    the    light: 
Art   alone   endures   and   remains; 
Hers   our  clear  and  luminous  gains, 
Stars    in    the    human    night. 


Truth  enshrined  in  Love  and  Beauty,  rap- 
turous, delicate  Truth, 

Bright  in  blossoms,  sea  and  sun — in  Art 
immortal  as  Youth. 

Ages   through   'mid   blast  and   turmoil    here 

may    the   spirit    find   balm: 
Art   eternal,    smiling    alone 
From    her    carven    ivory    throne, 
Noontide  and  twilit  calm. 

Fond    as    music,    proudly,    slowly,    centuries 

march  and  are  gone; 
Music   unremembered   save   where   Art   hath 

ardently  shone. 

Art   is   everlasting,   always   hers   the   nobler 

part, 

Hew   delight   for   every   heart: 
Art    the    Maker,    Art    the    Giver,    generous, 

glorious   art! 

Enter  during  the  singing  the  Genius  of  Archi- 
tecture with  his  attendants,  the  Genius  of 
Painting  with  his,  and  the  Genius  of  Sculp- 
ture with  his,  acting  as  escort  for  the  Re- 
public with  her  attendants.  They  march 
joyously  about  the  Court  of  Honor,  all 
gathering  at  last  about  the  Republic,  whom 
they  place,  veiled,  upon  her  pedestal.  All 
kneel  as  she  is  unveiled  as  the  Statute  of  the 
Republic,  the  lights  glowing  into  sunset  dur- 
ing the  ceremony,  and  at  its  close  dimming 
into  darkness. 

(END   OF   THE  SCENE) 
INTERLUDE 

The  orchestra  plays  the  Victory  and  Glory 
March,  the  Choristers  singing  the  chorus. 

SCENE  VI— VICTORY  OF 
PEACE 

The  lights  rise  upon  Chi-ca-gou,  as  before, 
who  recites  Prologue  VI. 

Your      hundreds,      thousands;      thousands, 

myriads; 
Your    myriads,    millions;    while    your    city's 

life 

Within  the  limits  of  one  human  life 
Is  still  contained — what  can  ye  not  achieve 
Under  the  smile  of  your  Great  Spirit  here! 
The    while    ye    prospered    and    grew    great 

and  rich, 

Still  seeking  Beauty  in  her  countless  forms, 
A  storm  broke  to  the  East,  as  nations  went 
Deep  down  into  the  fiery  pit  of  doom; 
And  when  its  hell  was  hottest,  and  despair 
Closest   to   pitying   hearts,   America 
Arose;  her  warriors  went  to  battle  fate — 
Some  come  not  back;  for  them  let  tears  be 

Shed!— 

And  quick  returned  with  palms  of  victory. 
Now  peace  at  last  is  yours — may  it  endure! — 
While  all. the  peoples  who  here  make  their 

home 

Invoke  the  blessings  of  the  Mariitou 
On     Country,     State     and     your     Chicago's 

dreams. 
The  lights  dim. 

EPISODE  1 

Dramatis  Personac; 

A   Company  of  Soldiers. 

A  Company  of  Sailors. 

Three  groups  of  dancers,  clad,  respectively, 

in  red,  in  white  and  in  blue. 
Enter  from  the  right  the  Company  of  Soldiers, 
from  the  left  the  Company  of  Sailors,  to  the 
music    of    the    Victory    and    Glory    March. 
Every  man  bears  an  American  Flag.    They 
march  and  countermarch,  at  last  forming  in 
a  single  rank  at  the  back  of  the  stage.    As 
the  burden  conies  in,  the  Choristers  sing: 
Victory,  glory 
To  the  Lord  of  Might, 
Who  heard  our  plea 
And  fought  our  fight 
Along  the  land  and   sea ! 
Victory !      Glory ! 
Back  from  war  are  we 
To   guard   the   Right 
Through  victory 
To  glory. 


The  Soldiers  go  out  left,  the  Sailors  out  right, 
with  nags  flying. 

(END  OF  EPISODE) 

Dramatis  Personae : 

EPISODE  2 
Chicago. 
Illinois. 
America. 

Attendants  upon  Chicago. 
Attendants  upon  Illinois. 
Attendants  upon  America. 
Groups   from  each  Nationality   represented   in 

the  city. 

Enter  Chicago,  her  municipal  flag  in  her  hand, 
followed  by  her  attendants,  each  with  a  flag. 
She  is  seated  upon  the  lowest  of  the  three 
thrones  in  the  center  of  the  stage,  the  Chor- 
isters singing  the  Association  of  Commerce 
Chicago  song : 

For  every  art, 

For  brotherhood  she  stands, 
Love  in  her  heart 

And  bounty  in  her  hands — 

Chicago. 
Chicago,    Chicago, 

Chicago  is  my  home; 
My  heart  is  in  Chicago, 

Wherever  I  may  roam. 

When   enthroned,   the  music  of  Hail  Illinois! 
is  heard  as  the  Choristers  sing  the  words : 
By  the  flag  that's  floating  o'er  us, 
By  our  fathers'  fame  before  us, 
Raise  your  voices  in  the  chorus, 

Hail  Illinois! 

Hail,  Illinois!     Hail,   Illinois! 
Thine   the   story — 
God's  the  glory. 
Hail,  Illinois! 

Enter  Illinois,  her  centennial  banner  in  her 
hand,  followed  by  her  attendants,  each  with 
Hag.  Illinois  rises  and  goes  to  meet  her  with 
her  attendants,  enthroning  her  on  the  next 
highest  of  the  three  thrones  and  seating 
herself  as  before.  The  music  of  America 
the  Beautiful  is  heard  as  the  choristers  sing: 
O  beautiful  for  spacious  skies, 

For  amber  waves  of  grain, 
For  purple  mountain  majesties 

Above  the  fruited  plain ! 
America !     America ! 

God  shed  His  grace  on  thee 
And  crown  thy  good  with  brotherhood 

From  sea  to  shining  sea! 
Enter  America,  her  flag  in  her  hand,  followed 
by  her  attendants,  each  with  a  flag.  Illinois 
and  Chicago  arise  and  go  to  meet  her  with 
their  attendants,  enthroning  her  on  the  high- 
est of  the  three  thrones. 

Enter  by  all  entrances,  to  the  music  of  the 
March  of  the  Nations  at  Peace,  the  several 
groups  of  the  Nations  represented  in  the 
City,  each  with  its  national  flag.  As  each 
passes  America,  Illinois,  and  Chicago  en- 
throned, the  flag  is  raised  in  salute,  and  the 
flags  of  America,  Illinois,  and  Chicago  are 
raised  in  return. 

After  all  are  assembled,  there  is  a  momentary 
pause  after  the  march  closes,  and  the  chorist- 
ers sing   The  Star-Spangled  Banner  to  the 
words  following,  all  standing: 
On  thy  shores,  happy  land,  all  the  Nations  of 
earth 
As  thy  children  stand  forth  to  take  part  in 

thy  story; 

As  thine  own  they  have  come  here  in  festival 
mirth 
To  obey  thy  commands  and  to  share  in  thy 

glory. 

'Tis  the  Many  in  One  to  thy  standard  have  run 
One  at  heart,  one  in  peace,  under  Liberty's 

sun; 

So  the  Star-Spangled  Banner  in  triumph  shall 
wave 
O'er  the  land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of 

the    brave. 

At  the  chorus  every  flag  is  raised  and  fluttered, 
that  of  America  being  highest,  that  of  Illi- 
nois next,  that  of  Chicago  third,  with  the 
flags  of  the  several  Nations  lower.  The 
lights  go  out  as  the  music  ends. 
(END  OF  THE  FESTIVAL  PLAY.) 


October  1,  1921'} 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


23 


Wage  Problem  Is  a  Problem  of  Progress 

Dr.   Charles  A.   Eaton,  at  Wednesday  Luncheon, 
Says  Question  Is  the  Biggest  Before  Country  Today 


The  Wednesday  luncheon  of  the  Associa- 
tion in  the  Hotel  LaSalle  was  a  meeting  of 
many  features.  Dr.  Charles  A.  Eaton,  the 
chief  speaker  of  the  day,  discussed  "The 
Wage  Problem."  Dr.  Eaton,  a  former  edi- 
tor, handled  the  labor  troubles  of  the  United 
States  shipping  board  during  the  war  and  is 
now  manager  of  industrial  relations  for  the 
National  Lamp  company.  Furthermore,  he 
is  president  of  the  National  Educational  as- 
sociation and  serves  in  a  labor  advisory 
capacity  for  some  of  the  largest  companies 
in  the  country. 

Another  speaker  was  John  W.  Gorby  of 
Waukegan,  who  headed  the  delegation,  rep- 
resenting the  Illinois  committee,  which 
recently  visited  Southern  Illinois.  He  told 
what  the  party  learned  down  in  "Egypt"  of 
the  country's  vast  resources. 

Chairman  Winans  prefaced  his  introduc- 
tion of  President  Noel  with  the  announce- 
ment that  Robert  Hammond  of  the  Whiting 
Foundry  company  had  turned  in  sixty  citi- 
zenship pledge  cards.  Mr.  Noel  in  a  brief 
talk  said: 

Talk  by  Mr.  Noel 

"All  of  you  have  seen  these  yellow  tickets 
at  your  plates  today,  three  of  them  at  each 
plate.  We  want  these  tickets  used  next 
Sunday  afternoon.  Take  them  and  be  sure 
and  have  them  used  at  the  dedication  exer- 
cises to  be  held  at  our  stadium  on  the  lake 
front  next  Sunday  afternoon  at  2:30  o'clock. 
If  you  expect  to  get  in  come  at  2:30,  not 
later.  The  tickets  will  be  good  until  3 
o'clock,  at  which  time  the  general  public 
will  be  admitted.  We  shall  have  a  very 
interesting  program,  a  dignified  one,  appro- 
priately dedicating  this  stadium  to  be  used 
for  our  festival  play,  which  is  the  central 
feature  of  our  whole  Semi-Centennial  pro- 
gram which  starts  next  Sunday  and  con- 
tinues for  two  weeks. 

"I  have  been  asked  to  say  something  in 
relation  to  the  Chicago  flag.  You  see  one 
here,  donated  to  us  by  one  of  our  members, 
H.  Channon  &  Co.  We  are  under  very 
great  obligations  to  them  for  it.  This  flag 
was  designed  by  Wallace  Rice,  who  is  the 
writer  of  the  book  of  our  festival  play.  It 
was  adopted  officially  by  the  Chicago  coun- 
cil in  April,  1917,  as  the  Chicago  flag,  but 
somehow  or  other  the  whole  idea  was 
pigeonholed  or  put  on  cold  storage  and  has 
never  been  resurrected  until  now.  It  is 
singularly  appropriate  that  the  very  man 
who  wrote  our  festival  play  should  be  the 
designer  of  this  flag." 

Mr.  Noel  then  explained  the  symbolism 
of  the  flag,  which  is  given  elsewhere  in  this 
issue. 

The  final  speaker  was  E.  M.  Craig,  secre- 
tary of  the  Building  Construction  Employ- 
ers' association.  Mr.  Craig's  talk  on  the 
Landis  award  is  printed  on  another  page. 

What  Dr.  Eaton  Said 

Dr.  Eaton  in  his  talk  on  "The  Wage  Prob- 
lem" said: 

"I  look  upon  the  wage  problem  as  the  sum 
of  all  social  problems.  I  am  convinced  that 
we  will  never  get  anywhere  in  the  solution 
of  our  social  difficulties  until  we  get  back 
in  sanity  and  moral  and  brain  to  having 
one  law  for  everybody,  so  that  we  won't 
have  to  make  a  new  kind  of  law  for  a  labor 
organization  and  a  new  kind  of  law  for  an 
employers'  organization,  but  we  will  be  able 
to  apply  the  fundamental  principles  of 
American  law  and  right  and  justice  to  every 


man  and  every  organization  impartially,  and 
when  we  do  we  will  get  somewhere. 

"That  means  that  for  me  I  approach  this 
problem  from  the  point  of  view  of  society  as 
a  whole.  I  would  not  accept  a  retainer  to 
speak  on  behalf  of  the  employers  or  on  be- 
half of  the  employes,  because  I  believe  that 
they  constitute  component  parts  of  one 
great  whole  which  we  call  society,  and  they 
sink  or  swim  with  the  rest  of  us,  and  until 
we  are  ready  to  think  our  problems  through 
in  terms  of  society  as  a  whole,  the  nation 
as  a  whole,  the  world  as  a  whole,  we  are 


Homer  J.  Buckley, 

Chairman,  Semi-Centennial   Publicity 
Committee 

not  going  to  be  big  enough  to  come  to  the 
solution  that  we  are  searching  for. 

"Let  us  take  up  this  wage  question  for  a 
moment  historically — because  \ve  have  got 
to  understand  it  in  its  large  sett'ng.  For 
thousands  of  years  the  labor  of  the  world 
was  done  by  slaves  and  can  you  realize  that 
we  are  less  than  a  hundred  years  away  from 
that  period?  When  the  Romans  carried 
their  triumphant  arms  to  the  ends  of  the 
world  they  confiscated  the  accumulated 
wealth  of  conquered  peoples.  They  brought 
that  wealth  back  to  Rome  and  the  immediate 
result  was  to  turn  the  Roman  women  into 
parasites  and  the  Roman  men  into  weak- 
lings. That  is  the  process  that  has  been 
going  on  in  AmerTca  to  some  extent  and 
every  other  tremendously  rich  country. 

"Out  of  the  north  came  the  Germans,  and 
they  just  went  through  the  Roman  empire 
as  if  it  were  a  fog  bank.  There  is  some- 
thing in  that  for  us  to  learn  when  we  dis- 
cuss the  wage  problem.  Coining  down  the 


centuries,  slavery  began  to  fail  because  it 
was  rotten  morally  and  economically.  It 
was  superseded  in  time  partly  by  the  serf 
system,  but  in  the  last  century  the  con- 
science of  the  world  and  the  economic  in- 
telligence of  the  world  reached  a  point 
where  both  slavery  and  serfdom  were  laid 
aside  and  the  wage  system  substituted. 

Origin  of  Modern  Theory 

"Way  back,  one  hundred  years  ago,  men 
began  to  give  philosophical  and  scientific 
attention  to  the  theory  ot  wages,  and  the 
origin  of  the  modern  theory  came  from  a 
group  of  French  thinkers  known  as  psysio- 
crats.  These  men  had  to  take  out  of  slav- 
ery their  fundamental  concepts  because 
there  was  no  other  relationship  between  em- 
ployer and  employe  upon  which  they  could 
build  an  argument,  and  they  laid  it  down  as 
a  basis  that  a  wage  consisted  of  a  bare  sub- 
sistence for  the  worker.  Those  were  the 
exact  words  used. 

"For  two  generations  a  bare  subsistence 
for  the  worker  furnished  the  basis  of  all 
wage  relationships.  Malfus,  a  great  thinker 
of  that  age,  made  the  discovery  that  if  you 
improve  the  condition  of  the  worker  above 
a  bare  subsistence,  he  immediately  branches 
out  into  a  large  family  and  that  reduces 
wages,  so  that  the  test  of  population,  the 
check  upon  population,  is  a  bare  subsistence, 
and  for  generations  they  held  up  a  bare 
subsistence  as  the  fundamental  sine  qua  non 
of  a  successful  and  permanent  society. 

"By  and  by  that  exploded  under  contact 
with  the  facts,  for  there  is  nothing,  as  you 
know,  so  detrimental  to  a  theory  as  a  miser- 
able fact  that  intrudes  itself  here  and  there. 

Mill  and  Francis  Walker 

"Then  came  James  Mill  of  England  and 
his  son,  John  Stuart  Mill,  and  their  con- 
geners, and  they  evolved  a  new  scheme, 
namely,  that  the  wealth  of  society  is  a  fixed 
whole,  and  they  divided  what  they  called  the 
social  dividend  into  about  four  packages. 
One  was  a  wage  fund,  one  was  a  profit  fund, 
one  was  an  interest  fund,  one  was  a  rent 
fund.  That  was  an  artificial,  stiff  and  formal 
creed  which  was  absolutely  unworkable  be- 
cause it  made  no  provisions  whatever  for 
the  demands  of  an  expanding  and  develop- 
ing human  nature. 

"By  and  by  there  appeared  an  American 
thinker,  named  Francis  Walker,  head  of 
the  Institute  of  Technology  in  Massachu- 
setts, and  he  evolved  the  modern  theory 
which  is  the  theory  of  productivity,  namely, 
that  wages  are  not  paid  out  of  capital.  They 
must  be  advanced  out  of  capital,  as  they 
have  to  be  frequently,  but  they  are  paid  out 
of  the  product  of  the  worker  himself,  in 
conjunction  with  the  management  and  the 
capital  invested.  So  that  the  level  of  wages 
under  that  theory  would  be  fixed  mainly  by 
the  productivity  of  the  worker. 

Wilson  and  War  Wages 

"Then  as  we  came  down  through  recent 
years  we  adopted  a  new  standard  for  fixing 
the  level  of  wages.  This  received  a  tre- 
mendous impetus  during  the  war.  Mr.  Wil- 
son, in  conjunction  with  his  chief  adviser, 
Mr.  Gompers,  evolved  the  old  theory  of  the 
standard  of  living  as  the  test  for  the  level 
of  wages,  and  it  worked  beautifully  since  we 
were  all  climbing  up  the  golden  stairs,  and 
as  we  had  an  abundance  of  money  which 
(Continued  on  page  47) 


24 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Plans  for  "No  Accident — No  Fire  Week"  Drive  Now 
Includes  Whole  City  and  All  Residents 


Chicago's  "No  Accident — No  Fire  Week," 
beginning  next  Saturday,  Oct.  8,  will  be 
brought  forcibly  to  the  attention  of  every 
man,  woman  and  child  in  the  city,  through 
the  campaign  under  the  direction  of  the 
Chicago  Safety  Council  of  the  Association 
of  Commerce. 

The  twenty  committees  comprising  the 
four  divisions  of  the  council  have  met  within 
the  last  two  weeks  and  reports  now  being 
received  show  that  one  of  the  most  inten- 
sive campaigns  ever  started  in  Chicago  will 
reach  its  climax  with  the  safety  week. 

A  mass  meeting  will  be  held  on  Tuesday 
evening,  Oct.  4,  in  the  Auditorium  of  the 
Municipal  Pier  when  all  safety  engineers, 
supervisors  and  the  graduates  of  the  vari- 
ous safety  schools  conducted  by  the  Safety 
Council  will  gather  for  instructions  for  the 
drive.  The  safety  departments  of  all  of 
the  leading  industries  and  transportation 
companies  will  be  there  and  the  meeting 
will  be  open  to  the  public. 

At  the  Association  of  Commerce  lun- 
cheon on  Wednesday,  Oct.  5,  in  the  Hotel 
La  Salle  "No  Accident— No  Fire  Week" 
will  be  discussed  by  excellent  speakers.  An 
overflow  meeting  is  expected. 

Will   Reach  the   Children 

A  comprehensive  outline  of  the  plans 
shows  that  the  children  will  be  reached 
through  the  Boy  Scouts'  the  Boys  Safety 
Patrol,  the  Camp  Fire  Girls  and  the  Girl 
Scouts.  They  will  also  be  reached  through 
the  addition  of  a  safety  text  book  to  the 
curriculum  of  all  the  public  schools  during 
the  last  week.  On  next  Friday  special  mo- 
tion pictures  will  be  shown  in  most  of  the 
schools  and  prominent  speakers  will  carry 
the  message  of  safety  to  the  children. 
Pledge  cards  to  be  signed  by  the  youngsters 
and  their  parents  will  be  distributed  in  the 
schools  and  placards  to  be  placed  in  the 
windows  of  their  homes  will  be  given  to 
the  little  ones.  The  Chicago  Sunday 
School  association  will  teach  safety  to  the 
pupils  in  all  the  Sunday  schools  under  its 
jurisdiction  on  Sunday,  Oct.  9,  and  will 
make  the  safety  cause  a  subject  for  brief 
mention  on  every  Sunday  throughout  the 
year. 

The  homes  will  be  reached  through  the 
distribution  by  uniformed  firemen  of  fire 
and  accident  prevention  warnings  issued  in 


printed  form  by  the  Chicago  Fire  Depart- 
ment. Monthly  bills,  receipts,  and  all  othei 
kinds  of  mail  issued  by  the  leading  business 
and  industrial  concerns  will  carry  the  "No 
Accident — No  Fire  Week"  slogan.  The 
pledges  and  placards  distributed  to  the 
school  children  will  get  into  the  homes. 
Mrs.  Edward  S.  Bailey,  president  of  the 
Illinois  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs  and 
Mrs.  Charles  J.  Trainor,  president  of  the 
Chicago  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs, 
promise  that  50,000  club  members  will  as- 
sist in  getting  the  propaganda  into  every 
home  in  the  city.  Bundles  and  receipts 
from  the  big  stores  will  carry  the  safety 
slogan. 

In  the  Industrial  Field 

In  the  large  utility  and  industrial  con- 
cerns special  safety  meetings  of  all  em- 
ployes will  be  held  in  advance  of  the  -drive 
and  daily  during  the  drive  there  will  be 
emphatic  reminders  of  the  fight  to  keep 
Chicago  free  from  fires  and  accident  from 
Oct.  8  to  14.  House  organs  will  carry 
safety  articles,  the  plants  and  offices  and 
vehicles  of  the  various  concerns  will  be 
placarded  and  safety  buttons  will  be  issued 
to  the  employes  of  many  companies.  There 
will  be  fire  drills  and  inspection  of  all  fire 
and  accident  prevention  appliances. 

The  foreign  language  newspapers  through- 
out the  city  are  carrying  on  a  strong  cam- 
paign to  bring  the  "No  Accident — No  Fire 
Week"  to  the  attention  of  their  people. 
These  will  also  be  reached  through  the 
night  schools  and  through  the  employers 
of  this  class  of  workers. 

Both  the  police  and  fire  department  are 
preparing  to  give  every  possible  assistance 
to  keep  Chicago  free  from  accidents  and 
fires  for  a  week.  The  fire  and  policemen 
will  wear  safety  buttons,  there  will  be  a 
general  tightening  up  of  traffic  and  fire  in- 
spection laws  and  the  speeders  court  and 
the  state's  attorney's  office  will  do  their 
parts  to  teach  safety  to  the  reckless  and 
heedless,  who  will  have  to  pay  well  for 
their  lessons. 

Automobile  Men  Are  Active 

The  Chicago  Automobile  Trade  Associa- 
tion is  carrying  on  the  safety  drive  through 
the  300  or  more  groups  in  its  organization, 
the  Chicago  Motor  Club  will  have  all  of  its 
36,000  members  enlisted  in  the  fight  and  the 


Garage  Owners  Association,  the  Cartage 
Exchange,  the  Motor  Truck  Owners  Asso- 
ciation, the  Chicago  Surface  Lines  and  all 
other  interests  vitally  affected  will  do  their 
utmost  to  keep  the  city  free  from  street 
accidents  for  safety  work. 

And  so  it  goes  all  along  the  line.  In 
fact,  every  person  and  every  concern  hav- 
ing the  welfare  of  Chicago  and  its  people 
at  heart  is  doing  everything  possible  to 
make  the  drive  a  success.  Not  since  the 
Liberty  Loan  campaigns  has  any  propa- 
ganda been  carried  on  more  extensively  and 
intensively. 

The  Chicago  Safety  Council  has  sent  out 
calls  to  thousands  of  organizations  to  aid 
in  the  work.  The  response  has  broken  all 
records.  To  help  these  organizations  the 
Safety  Council  has  had  printed  half  a 
million  placards,  wind  shield  stickers,  etc. 
These  are  in  the  following  dimensions: 

14x22  posters  on  cardboard  for  window 
display. 

14x22  paper  posters  for  pasting  or  tack- 
ing. 

7x11    cardboard    or    paper   placards. 
6x  9   windshield   stickers. 

These  can  be  obtained  free  upon  request 
sent  to  the  Safety  Council  in  care  of  the 
Association  of  Commerce. 

Rubber   Stamps   and   Buttons 
The  rubber  stamps  bear  this  legend. 
NO  ACCIDENT— NO  FIRE  WEEK. 
Oct.    8-14    Chicago    Safety    Council. 

These  stamps  can  be  obtained  through 
the  council  for  fifty  cents  each. 

The  safety  week  buttons  have  been  ar- 
ranged for  through  the  American  Badge 
Company,  141  West  Austin  avenue.  The 
price  is  $11.25  and  concerns  wishing  to  get 
them  for  their  employes  are  requested  to 
order  -direct  from  the  company.  The  Safety 
Council  has  purchased  25,000  of  the  buttons 
for  distribution  among  the  juvenile  organ- 
izations and  the  police  and  fire  departments. 

While  the  whole  drive  centers  of  making 
Chicago  free  from  all  accidents  and  fires 
for  one  week,  there  will  be  no  let  up  in 
the  work  after  Oct.  14  until  Chicago's  1920 
weekly  record  of  38  deaths  and  953  seriously 
injured  by  accidents  and  a  weekly  fire  loss 
of  $225,000  is  materially  reduced. 


Firm   Reserves   Seats   So   Girls   Can   Attend    Opera 


Something  new  under  the  industrial  sun 
of  pleasant  relations  between  boss  and  em- 
ployes has  been  discovered.  The  boss  is 
Harry  L.  Swarts,  president  of  Edward  Rose 
and  Co.,  wholesale  tailors,  628  West  Jack- 
son boul.,  and  the  employes  are  the  dozen 
§irls  who  make  up  the  office  staff.  Mr. 
warts  has  long  been  an  active  worker  in 
The  Association  of  Commerce. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Swarts  are  ardent  opera 
fans.  In  the  summer  it  is  Ravina,  and 
during  the  winter,  the  Auditorium,  where 
Mary  Garden  displays  her  song  birds. 
When  Mr.  Swarts  received  his  opera  pro- 
spectus, setting  forth  the  civic  nature  of 
Chicago's  most  famous  not-for-profit  artis- 
tic institution,  he  called  in  the  twelve  girls 
from  the  stenographic  department. 

"How  many  of  you  girls  like  to  go  to 
opera,"  he  asked. 

Twelve  hands  shot  upwards. 

"How   many   are   going   this   year?" 

There  was  a  decided  slump  in  responses. 

"Whv   not?"   asked   the   boss. 


"Because  unless  we  buy  season  seats,  the 
balcony  and  galleries  are  always  sold  out 
and  we  can  not  buy  good  seats  for  single 
performances."  said  Irene  Kelly,  as  spokes- 
man. "And  besides  not  all  of  us  have  the 
ready  cash  for  season  seats." 

Mr.  Swarts  was  quick  to  solve  the  prob- 
lem. 

"If  this  company  will  advance  the  money 
for  season  seats  now,  and  let  you  pay  us 
each  time  you  use  a  ticket,  how  many 
would  like  to  go  to  the  opera  this  winter?" 

Once  more  twelve  hands  reached  for  the 
ceiling. 

Whereupon  Eugene  Swarts,  office  man- 
ager, called  the  roll  and  the  following  re- 
sponded: Misses  Hilda  Henagow,  Ruth 
Carstedt,  Lillian  Dobbs,  Eleanor  Leisen, 
Irene  Wojciak,  Louisa  Hayne,  Alice  Ander- 
son, Virginia  Hagan,  Irene  Kelly,  Gladys 
Brown,  May  Fullen  and  Gladys  Homey. 

A  messenger  was  dispatched  to  George 
M.  Spangler,  business  manager  of  the  Chi- 
cago Opera  company,  and  the  order  for 


seats  duly  filled.  The  girls  not  only  are 
assured  of  choice  locations,  but  save  the 
10%  allowed  by  the  opera  company  on  sea- 
son reservations. 

One  packing  firm  has  sent  an  order  for 
$400  worth  of  opera  tickets,  and  the  Sin- 
clair Social  Club,  of  the  Sinclair  Refining 
Company  opened  negotiations  for  seats  for 
its  300  members.  The  total  sale  for  the 
season  is  now  in  excess  of  $200,000  with 
five  weeks  selling  ahead. 


CANADA'S  WHEAT  CROP 


A  recent  report  stating  that  this  year's 
Canadian  wheat  crop  would  exceed  that  of 
the  bumper  year  of  1915  has  been  denied. 
The  estimate  of  the  total  wheat  crop  of 
1921  is  approximately  294,000,000  bushels, 
while  the  bumper  yield  of  1915  was  over 
350,000,000  bushels.  This  year's  crop  ex- 
ceeds last  year's  by  nearly  30,000,000  bushels, 
but  falls  short  of  the  great  yield  of  1915. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


25 


General  Business — A  Weekly  Analysis 


So  far  as  the  domestic  business  situation  is  concerned 
the  week  has  produced  no  exciting  developments.  The 
stock  market  has,  on  the  whole,  been  listless,  with  indica- 
tions of  a  firm  investment  demand  for  high  grade  securi- 
ties. Trade  reports  continue  to  indicate  improvement  in 
the  volume  of  autumn  trade.  Here  and  there  prices  are 
advancing.  And  the  increasing  optimism  of  recent  weeks 
has  been  well  sustained. 

At  the  end  of  September  the  various  indexes  of  fun- 
damental business  conditions  show  conclusively  that  Sep- 
tember has  been  on  the  whole  the  best  month  since  the 
period  of  liquidation  began.  Stocks  both  industrial  and 
railway  have  risen  in  price  along  with  high  grade  bonds. 
The  Federal  Reserve  bank  ratio  has  shown  a  further  sub- 
stantial improvement  and  discount  rates  at  the  Federal 
Reserve  Bank  of  New  York  have  been  lowered.  Iron  and 
steel  production  has  increased  substantially  since  the  low 
level  of  July  was  reached.  The  railway  car  surplus  has 
been  almost  cut  in  two  owing  to  the  enormous  movement 
of  grain  and  cotton.  And  prices  generally  have  remained 
firm,  advancing  in  some  important  lines.  Most  important 
of  all,  perhaps,  has  been  the  maintenance  of  the  price  of 
cotton  above  20  cents  per  pound,  and  the  consequent  ma- 
terial gain  in  the  economic  position  of  the  south. 

Prices  Rise 

The  Federal  Reserve  Board's  comprehensive  index 
number  for  the  month  of  August  confirms  the  showing  of 
other  price  indexes  mentioned  in  this  analysis  in  previous 
weeks.  The  average  price  advance  in  August  was  1.4 
per  cent, — following  a  similar  advance  in  July. 

The  National  Industrial  Conference  Board's  "weighted" 
index  of  the  cost  of  living  (including  rent)  also  shows  an 
advance  during  August  of  1.7  percent.  This  index  number 
covers  5  groups  of  commodities  as  follows :  Food,  shelter, 
clothing,  fuel  and  light;  and  sundries.  The  rise  in  living 
costs  was  altogether  due  to  the  substantial  advances  in 
the  price  of  food,  shelter,  fuel  and  light;  sundries  show  no 
change,  while  clothing  fell  sightly. 

According  to  this  index  number  the  cost  of  living  now 
stands  at  165  as  compared  with  the  base  of  100  in  July, 
1914.  The  present  level  is  20  percent  below  the  peak- 
reached  in  1920. 

The  Unemployment  Conference 

In  view  of  the  employment  crisis  unusual  interest  at- 
taches to  the  unemployment  conference  recently  called  by 
President  Harding  at  the  instigation  of  Secretary  Hoover 
of  the  department  of  commerce  and  Secretary  Davis  of  the 
department  of  labor.  The  purpose  of  the  conference  is 
to  devise  ways  and  means,  on  the  one  hand,  of  ameliora- 
ting the  unemployment  crisis  through  devices  such  as  in- 
creasing the  number  of  shifts  of  workers,  giving  preference 
to  married  men  with  dependent  families,  etc. ;  and  on  the 
other  hand,  through  stimulating  actual  increase  in  the 
volume  of  employment.  The  chief  hope  in  the  latter 
connection  lies  in  promoting  the  building  of  public  works 
by  the  federal  government ;  by  the  various  states,  by  munic- 
ipalities, and  by  other  local  government  bodies.  There 
are  many  difficulties  involved  in  this  method  of  alleviation  ; 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  high  cost  of  construc- 
tion materials,  high  transportation  rates,  and  the  difficul- 
ties of  selling  government  securities  bearing  low  rates  of 
interest  under  present  financial  conditions.  However,  the 
attempt  is  most  praiseworthy  and  is  deserving  of  whole- 
hearted support.  Great  as  are  the  difficulties  it  offers  the 
best  single  hope  of  providing  the  necessary  relief.  The 
alternatives  in  the  situation  are  pretty  clearly  public  works 
or  public  charity. 

At  first  blush  it  may  seem  like  straining  a  point  to 
find  a  connection  between  conditions  in  India  and  the 


prosperity  of  business  in  Chicago.  While  attending  the  In- 
ternational Financial  Conference  in  London,  however,  I  was 
informed  by  one  of  the  leading  students  of  business  in  Great 
Britain  that  England  was  counting  heavily  upon  an  im- 
provement of  conditions  in  India  and  the  Far  East  to  open 
the  way  for  a  revival  of  British  trade.  Japan,  China,  and 
India  were  the  first  countries  to  hit  the  toboggan  in  the  ill- 
starred  winter  of  1920.  What  more  reasonable  to  expect  that 
they  should  be  the  first  to  revive.  And  if  conditions  improve 
materially  in  the  Orient,  Great  Britain  in  consequence  of 
her  trade  ramifications  throughout  the  East,  would  be  the 
first  to  feel  the  impetus  in  an  expending  of  foreign  com- 
merce. Now  if  Great  Britain's  exports  should  for  this  rea- 
son be  increased  it  would  follow  that  Great  Britain's  pur- 
chasing power  would  be  enlarged,  with  resulting  beneficent 
effects  upon  the  stagnant  American  export  trade. 

All  reports  indicate  that  the  progress  of  the  Indian 
monsoon  during  the  present  summer  has  been  most  satis- 
factory. The  India  monsoon,  it  may  be  stated,  is  the 
moisture  bearing  wind  which  extends  over  most  of  India 
from  June  to  September  each  year,  and  from  which  the 
country  derives  nine-tenths  of  its  total  annual  rainfall. 
If  the  monsoon  is  favorable  Indian  agriculture  thrives;  if 
unfavorable  it  languishes.  It  may  be  added  that  70  per- 
cent of  the  Indian  population  is  dependent  upon  agricul- 
ture. 

Already  marked  improvement  has  been  noted  in  Indian 
conditions.  Imports  have  steadily  declined  and  exports 
have  been  expanding,  and  a  favorable  balance  of  trade  has 
recently  been  achieved.  The  result  is  manifested  in  a  rise 
in  the  value  of  the  Indian  repee  from  a  low  level  of  24*4 
cents  on  July  22nd  to  28^4  cents  this  week.  Exports  of  gold 
shipped  to  New  York,  to  take  advantage  of  the  high  Ameri- 
can rates  of  exchange,  has,  however,  been  one  factor  in  the 
Indian  exchange  situation. 

While  an  improvement  of  trade  in  India  will  make 
itself  felt  both  in  European  and  American  markets,  it  will 
not  of  course  be  a  sufficient  influence  to  overcome  all  the 
counter  currents  that  unfortunately  still  exist  in  the  inter- 
national economic  firmament. 

Interesting  light  is  thrown  on  the  increase  in  foreign 
trade  during  August  to  which  reference  was  made  a  few 
weeks  ago,  by  figures  just  made  public  of  the  recent  exports 
of  wheat.  The  wheat  export  movement  in  July  and  Au- 
gust has  broken  all  previous  records  with  a  total  of  97 
million  bushels.  This  is  30  million  bushels  in  excess  of 
last  year's  record  for  the  same  months.  September  ex- 
ports, it  is  believed,  will  exceed  30  million  bushels.  Since 
the  total  exportable  surplus  for  the  entire  year  is  esti- 
mated at  200  million  bushels,  it  will  be  seen  that  with 
approximately  130  million  bushels  already  shipped,  the 
movement  for  the  nine  remaining  months  of  the  year  will 
be  only  about  70  million  bushels. 

The  cotton  movement  has  been  almost  equally  remark- 
able. While  last  year  the  foreign  purchasers  during  the 
summer  months  confined  their  orders  to  the  very  minimum 
required  to  meet  the  day  to  day  needs  of  the  mills,  this 
year  they  have  been  purchasing  with  a  view  to  the  entire 
season's  needs.  The  explanation  is  to  be  found  in  the  fact 
that  last  summer  cotton  prices  were  breaking  sharply 
toward  lower  levels  and  this  summer  cotton  is  on  the  rise. 

The  exports  of  manufacturing  commodities  still  remain 
at  a  very  low  ebb.  Until  there  is  an  improvement  in  Euro- 
pean conditions  in  the  coming  months  sufficient  to  enable 
them  to  buy  more  manufactured  commodities  we  may  ex- 
pect the  total  of  the  foreign  trade  figures  this  winter  to 
establish  new  low  records  since  the  war. 

While  domestic  business  conditions  have  been  show- 
ing genuine  improvement,  the  European  outlook  is  any- 
thing but  hopeful.  The  German  mark  has  continued  to 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


fall,  reaching  the  astonishing  figure  of  .80,  less  than  1-25 
of  its  normal  pre-war  value.  Moreover,  the  fall  of  the 
present  German  government,  which  owes  its  existence  to 
the  May  promises  to  fulfill  the  reparations  terms,  grows 
daily  more  imminent.  After  months  of  study  of  the  Euro- 
pean financial  and  political  situation  I  have  no  hesitation 
in  saying  that  the  whole  reparations  question  which  many 
navely  assumed  was  finally  "settled"  in  May.  will  shortly 
be  as  disturbing  a  factor  in  the  rehabilitation  of  Europe 
as  ever. 

Conditions  are,  moreover,  exceedingly  grave  in  Great 


Britain.  The  unemployment  crisis  has  in  no  degree  been 
alleviated ;  and  the  exhaustion  of  government  unemploy- 
ment insurance  money  has  precipitated  a  genuine  labor 
crisis.  Armed  mobs  demand  relief  from  municipal  authori- 
ties; while  the  Lloyd  George  government  is  harassed  on  the 
financial  side  of  things  as  never  before.  The  government 
is  being  compelled  to  procure  the  funds  for  the  additional 
unemployment  doles  which  have  now  been  granted  by  the 
familiar  process  of  currency  inflation. 

H.  G.  MOULTON. 
Wednesday,  Sept.  27. 


SALVATION  ARMY  DRIVE 

WILL  BE  FOR  $305,000 

The  Salvation  Army  drive  for  $305,000  in 
Chicago  and  Cook  county,  which  will  be 
put  on  Oct.  24-31,  is  for  funds  to  be  used 
for  the  army's  relief  work  among  the  poor. 
All  expenses  of  the  campaign  have  been 
specially  donated,  so  that  every  dollar  sub- 
scribed will  go  directly  to  the  poor. 

"The  Salvation  Army,"  according  to 
Francis  S.  Peabody,  chairman  of  the  local 
advisory  board,  "is  one  organization  that 
really  reaches  the  poor  directly.  The  slogan 
for  this  campaign  is  'soup,  soap,  and  salva- 
tion.' " 

Lester  Armour  is  general  chairman  of  the 
drive.  The  advisory  committee  consists  of 
Henry  A.  Blair,  John  Burnham,  Averill  Til- 
den,  Lawrence  Williams,  O.  A.  Wright. 
George  T.  Molyneux  is  director;  Frank  M. 
Boykin,  field  director,  and  Mrs.  Mary 
Hight,  organizer  of  the  women's  commit- 
tee. The  executive  committee  consists  of 
E.  J.  Buffington,  B.  J.  Cahn,  Thomas  J. 
Considine,  J.  W.  Corr,  A.  C.  Cronkrite, 
Joseph  Feuchtwanger,  John  J.  Garrity,  W. 
Noble  Gillette,  Charles  O.  Goss,  Guy 
Guernsey,  John  Hardin,  M.  H.  Healy,  Her- 
man H.  Hettler,  Clayton  Mark,  Howard 
Mattheson,  Patrick  McArdle,  Oscar  B.  Mc- 
Glasson,  John  M.  Olmstead,  H.  E.  Otte, 
A.  C.  Scott,  Sidney  Smith,  Arthur  W. 
Strauss,  G.  Lewis  Walters,  Samuel  Wilson. 

The  activities  of  the  Salvation  Army  in 
Chicago  for  which  it  is  asking  help  in  this 
campaign  are:  One  rescue  home,  three 
slum  posts,  one  industrial  home,  five  work- 
ingmen's  hotels,  one  dispensary,  one  dental 
clinic,  one  free  laundry,  five  employment 
bureaus,  one  ex-service  men's  employment 
bureau,  one  central  charities  bureau.  The 
Army  also  maintains  in  Chicago  nine  indus- 
trial stores,  one  training  school  territorial 
headquarters,  nineteen  corps,  one  social 
headquarters,  one  divisional  headquarters, 
and  a  young  women's  boarding  home  which, 
except  for  the  original  investment,  is  self- 
supporting. 

The  rescue  home  on  North  La  Salle 
street  was  established  more  than  twenty- 
three  years  ago,  and,  exclusive  of  the  last 
year,  it  has  in  that  time  cared  for  .more 
than  2,750  girls  and  about  1,200  babies. 
Each  girl  is  taken  care  of  at  the  refuge  un- 
til she  is  able  to  work  "and  has  a  position 
where  she  can  have  her  baby  with  her. 
After  they  go  away  to  work,  the  refuge  still 
is  home  to  them  and  they  have  frequent 
little  home  parties  there. 

From  the  three  slum  posts  the  workers 
in  the  army  go  out  among  the  poor  and 
unfortunate  to  do  whatever  is  needed.  They 
are  little  cases  of  help.  The  Industrial 
Home  provides  shelter,  food  and  occupa- 
tion for  men  unable  to  find  any  one  of  the 
three  for  themselves.  The  workingmen's 
hotels  provide  lodging  and  meals  at  a  below 
nominal  cost.  The  dispensary  and  free 
dental  clinic  fill  a  need  evidenced  by  the 
continuous  and  long  waiting  line.  The  free 
laundry  is  new  and  very  popular.  The  em- 
plovment  bureaus  find  work  chiefly  for  the 
unskilled.  The  ex-service  men's  bureau, 


just  opened,  is  paying  men  $1.50  a  day  to 
hunt  for  work  and  giving  each  one  a  list  of 
places  where  he  may  find  work.  The  Cen- 
tral Charities  Bureau  includes  in  its  work 
an  anti-suicide  bureau  and  a  missing  friends 
bureau. 


JOLIET  PLAYS  HOST  TO 

ILLINOIS  COMMITTEE 


SUNDAY   EVENING  CLUB 


The  Chicago  Sunday  Evening  Club  will 
open  its  fifteenth  season  at  Orchestra  Hall 
tomororw  evening  at  8  o'clock.  Dr.  Charles 
A.  Eaton,  former  editor  of  Leslie's  Weekly 
and  a  member  of  the  U.  S.  Shipping  Board 
during  the  war,  will  be  the  speaker  on  the 
subject,  "Can  We  Make  a  New  World  Out 
of  Old  Stuff?"  Clifford  W.  Barnes,  presi- 
dent of  the  club,  will  preside  and  at  the 
7  o'clock  meeting  will  give  the  first  of  a 
series  of  new  Bible  talks  on  the  general 
subject,  "Tales  cf  a  Traveler."  Mr.  Barnes 
has  been  conducting  a  Sunday  Evening 
Club  in  Northeast  Harbor  on  the  Maine 
coast  during  the  summer  months  for  the 
benefit  of  sailors  and  fishermen. 

On  October  9  the  Sunday  Evening  Club 
will  participate  in  the  Semi-Centennial  Cele- 
bration, and  it  is  hoped  that  Governor  Allen 
of  Kansas  will  be  the  principal  speaker. 

The  list  of  speakers  for  the  season  in- 
clude Josephus  Daniels,  Edward  M.  Steiner, 
William  H.  Hays,  Judge  Ben  B.  Lindsey, 
Newell  Dwight  Hillis,  Henry  Van  Dyke, 
Raymond  B.  Fosdick,  Bishop  Thomas  F. 
Gailor,  Harry  Emerson  Fosdick,  Bishop 
William  F.  McDowell,  Rabbi  Stephen  S. 
Wise,  Bishop  James  S.  Wise,  Hugh  Black 
and  others.  The  music  will  be  under  the 
direction  of  Edgar  A.  Nelson,  conductor  for 
the  past  six  years,  and  the  choir  of  100 
will  be  assisted  by  the  soloists,  Mrs.  Mabel 
Sharp  Herdien,  Mrs.  Rose  Lutiger  Gannon, 
John  B.  Miller  and  Gustav  Holmquist. 


CUT  IN  LAKE  RATES 


Vice-President  Hoskins  of  the  Chicago 
Steamship  Lines,  Inc.,  announces  in  a  let- 
ter to  the  traffic  department  that  the  line 
has  made  a  20  per  cent  reduction  under  the 
all-rail  rates  between  Chicago  on  the  one 
hand  and  North  Chicago,  Waukegan  and 
Kenosha  on  the  other.  The  rates  heretofore 
have  been  on  the  all-rail  basis.  The  Chicago 
Steamship  Lines  further  state  they  have 
added  Cleveland  as  a  port  of  call  at  20 
per  cent  under  the  all-rail  rates.  At  the 
present  time,  the  Chicago  Steamship  Lines 
in  conjunction  with  the  Hill  Steamboat 
Line  are  operating  to  North  Chicago,  Wau- 
kegan, Kenosha,  Michigan  City,  Detroit. 
Cleveland  and  Buffalo  at  20  per  cent  under 
the  all-rail  rates  and  in  addition  will  absorb 
the  drayage  to  the  Municipal  Pier  on  lots 
of  10,000  Ibs.  or  more  to  industries  having 
docks  on  the  Chicago  River  and  with  steam 
railroad  sidings.  Further  information  can 
be  obtained  by  communicating  direct  w'th 
the  boat  line,  whose  offices  are  at  the  Mu- 
nicipal Pier,  telephone  Superior  7914. 


Fourteen  members  of  the  Illinois  com- 
mittee of  the  Association  and  a  quartette 
from  the  Glee  club  motored  to  Joliet  Fri- 
day morning,  September  23,  to  spend  the 
day  at  the  Joliet  Country  club  as  guests  of 
the  Joliet  Association  of  Commerce.  The 
party  was  made  up  as  follows:  Benj.  E. 
Gage  (Chairman),  Franc.  E.  Gardner,  E.  F. 
Lapham,  J.  E.  Brown,  Wm.  W.  Gates,  H 
L.  Green,  Col.  E.  M.  Hadley,  Max  W. 
Zabel,  Harvey  T.  Hill,  L.  A.  Bowman, 
Frank  B.  White,  Capt.  John  W.  Gorby, 
C.  H.  Hammond,  I.  H.  Christian,  J.  P. 
Wahlman,  Frank  A.  Mitchell,  J.  C.  Reiss. 

After  luncheon  foursomes  were  arranged 
with  Joliet  and  Chicago  Association  mem- 
bers contending  for  sectional  golf  honors. 
Those  who  did  not  play  visited  the  State 
Prison.  Eighteen  holes  of  golf  of  varying 
quality  were  played  and  the  results  proved 
about  even.  Dinner  was  served  at  the  Club 
and  there  was  no  pre-arranged  evening  pro- 
gram, but  everyone  joined  in  the  festivi- 
ties. Col.  Lambert's  welcoming  remarks 
and  Benjamin  Gage's  acknowledgment 
were  strictly  informal.  Fred  Chamberlain, 
president  of  the  Joliet  Association,  served 
as  toastmaster. 

In  winding  up  the  evening  C.  J.  Kellem 
and  Mrs.  Chamberlain  presented  to  the 
Illinois  committee  as  a,  remembrance  token 
the  "crookedest  driver"  in  existence,  made 
of  an  old  driver-head,  a  "meandering"  limb 
of  a  tree,  a  scrap  of  hose  serving  as  grip, 
some  twine  and  glue — the  kind  of  a  club 
one  can  slice  and  hook  with  at  the  same 
time.  It  is  on  exhibit  at  Association  head- 
quarters and  the  Illinois  committee  will 
loan  it  to  responsible  parties  for  important 
tournaments. 


OUR  VANISHING  FORESTS 


Because  of  the  steady  depletions  of  the 
Southern  Appalachian  lumber  supply,  the 
government  has  established  a  forest  ex- 
periment station  at  Asheville,  N.  C.  The 
United  States  has  been  depending  for 
some  years  for  the  greater  part  of  its 
hardwood  timber  on  North  Carolina,  Vir- 
ginia, Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Alabama, 
Georgia  and  South  Carolina,  according  to 
the  Forest  Service.  In  1909,  the  peak  of 
hardwood  production  in  this  section  was 
reached,  the  cut  being  approximately 
4,000,000,000  feet.  In  spite  of  rising  prices 
and  increasing  demands,  1918  saw  a  falling 
off  of  almost  60  per  cent,  and  a  steady  de- 
crease in  timber  supplies  is  looked  for.  On 
account  of  this  depletion,  the  Southern  Ap- 
palachians will  be  expected  to  furnish  a 
large  part  of  the  high-grade  hardwood  for 
the  whole  country  in  future.  Only  about 
two-fifths  of  the  original  timber  stand  of 
the  United  States  remains  today,  the  other 
three-fifths  having  been  destroyed  or  used 
up.  Washington,  Oregon  and  California 
are  the  proud  possessors  of  fully  one-half 
of  all  the  timber  we  have  left. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


27 


HftK 

CHICAGO 

WOOD 

CUTS 


Our  Illustration  is  a  Wood  Cut  Made"The  Haiutin  Way" 

A  LTHOUGH  we  are  photo  engravers,  electrotypers  and 
JL  \.  artists,  the  quality  of  HAWTIN  wood  cuts  has  for  forty 
years  made  THE  HAWTIN  COMPANY  pre'eminent  throughout 
the  United  States  and  Canada  as  producers  of  high  class  wood 
cuts.  HAWTIN  and  fine  wood  engraving  are  synonymous. 

Whatever  you  may  be  planning  in  the  way  of  advertising 
illustrations  can  be  made  at  HAWTINS  and  made  right,  but 
as  to  wood  cuts,  HAWTIN,  Chicago,  is  the  one  source. 

THE  HAWTIN  COMPANY 

WELLS  W.  HAWTIN   •  President 
ARTISTS   -  PHOTOGRAPHERS   '   ENGRAVERS 
19  SOUTH  WELLS  STREET  '  CHICAGO 

TELEPHONE  MAIN  4100 


28 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Semi -Centennial   Dedication  Tomorrow 


(Cgntinued  from  page  11) 

erans,  Veterans  of  Foreign  Wars,  Lane 
Technical  High  School,  Eleanor  Club  No.  6, 
Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  Sears,  Roe- 
buck and  Co..  Northern  Trust  Company, 
State  Bank  of  Chicago,  Corn  Exchange  Na- 
tional Bank,  First  National  Bank,  Chicago 
Trust  Company,  Federal  Reserve  Bank, 
Union  Trust  Company,  Continental  and 
Commercial  National  Bank,  Commonwealth 
Edison  Company,  Postomce  Carriers,  Post- 
office  Clerks,  American  Association  of  En- 
gineers, Chicago  Turn-Gemeinde,  Illinois 
Bell  Telephone  Company,  Aryan  Grotto, 
Art  Institute,  Community  Service  and  the 
United  States  army  and  navy  are  among 
the  organizations  which  have  contributed 
groups  for  the  various  scenes. 

General   Bell   Sends   Regulars 

Major-General  George  Bell,  Jr..  command- 
ing the  Sixth  Corps  Area  of  the  army,  with 
headquarters  at  Camp  Grant,  is  sending 
100  infantrymen  under  command  of  Cap- 
tain Birks.  They  are  traveling  by  motor 
truck,  and  expect  to  pitch  camp  in  Grant 
Park  today  to  remain  throughout  the  semi- 
centennial period.  They  bring  full  field 
equipment,  camp  kitchens  and  all,  and  will 
camp  out  in  the  park. 

Herbert  E.  Hyde,  superintendent  of  the 
Civic  Music  Association,  who  is  directing 
the  orchestra  and  chorus,  is  well  pleased  at 
the  cooperation  he  has  received  from  Chi- 
cago musicians.  The  orchestra  of  100  pieces 
has  been  ready  for  more  than  a  week,  and 
rehearsals  of  the  chorus  have  been  held 
several  nights  during  the  past  week.  More 
than  600  singers  have  been  enlisted  for  the 
chorus,  coming,  many  of  them,  from  such 
organizations  as  the  Appollo  Club,  the  Sher- 
man Park  chorus,  Hibbard,  Spencer,  Bart- 
lett  and  Co.  chorus.  Marshall  Field  Choral 
Society,  Hamilton  Park  chorus,  Association 
of  Commerce  Glee  Club,  Commonwealth 
Edison  Company  chorus,  Swedish  Choral 
Society,  Carson,  Pirie  Scott  and  Co.  chorus, 
Butler  Bros,  chorus,  Armour  and  Co.  chorus 
and  many  other  singing  societies. 

Practically  all  the  singers  have  had  train- 
ing in  the  fundamentals  of  chorus  singing, 
and  Mr.  Hyde  expects  a  splendid  presenta- 
tion of  the  very  excellent  music  written  by 
Edward  C.  Moore,  music  critic  of  the  Chi- 
cago Tribune. 

First  Public  Performance  Tuesday 

The  first  rehearsal  of  the  entire  cast, 
chorus  and  orchestra  together  was  held 
Thursday  night,  and  a  dress  rehearsal  will 
be  held  tonight  in  preparation  for  the  first 
performance  on  Monday  evening.  That 
performance  will  be  for  school  children,  and 
the  first  public  performance  for  which  seats 
are  being  sold  will  be  next  Tuesday  evening. 

Henry  J.  Pain,  president  of  Pain's  Fire- 
works, Inc.,  is  coming  from  New  York, 
bringing  George  Beal.  one  of  the  most  noted 
pyrotechnic  experts  in  the  country,  to  super- 
vise personally  the  fire  scene  in  the  play. 

This  whole  scene  will  be  handled  from 
a  central  switch-board  with  which  more  than 
eight  miles  of  wire  will  be  connected.  Hun- 
dreds of  bales  of  excelsior  will  be  burned 
to  produce  the  flame  effect,  supplemented  by 
lycopodium  torches,  and  spark  machines 
will  send  showers  of  sparks  into  the  air  as 
the  buildings  crumble  before  the  onward 
sweep  of  the  conflagration.  Seven  and  one- 
half  tons  of  red  fire  will  be  used  to  produce 
the  proper  glare  in  the  sky.  Sixty  per  cent 
dynamite  will  be  used  in  blowing  up  the 
buildings  as  they  were  blown  up  during  the 
conflagration  in  the  futile  effort  to  check 
the  progress  of  the  flames. 

The  fire  scene  is  expected  by  Wallace 
Rice,  author  of  the  play,  to  make  the  deepest 


impression  upon  the  audience  of  any  of  the 
various  scenes. 

While  the  festival  play  has  been  the  fea- 
ture upon  which  most  attention  has  been  con- 
centrated other  features  of  the  observance 
of  the  semi-centennial  have  been  well  de- 
veloped. The  railroads  have  granted  special 
rates  for  the  "home-coming"  of  former  Chi- 
cagoans,  and  are  advertising  it  extensively 
in  the  principal  cities  reached  by  their 
routes.  October  7,  8,  9  and  10  will  be  the 
selling  dates  for  the  reduced  fares,  whicli 
will  be  one  and  one-half  the  one-way  fare 
from  points  which  the  one-way  fare  to  Chi- 
cago is  $6  or  less.  This  includes  a  radius 
of  approximately  170  miles.  The  return 
limit  is  five  days  from  the  date  of  sale. 

Results  are  already  apparent  from  the 
"Better  Citizenship"  campaign.  Thousands 
of  the  pledge  cards  binding  the  signer  to 
vote  at  all  primaries  and  elections  and  to 
take  a  more  active  interest  in  civic  affairs 
have  been  distributed  through  the  churches, 
women's  clubs,  business  men's  organiza- 
tions and  large  employers  or  labor.  Many 
signed  cards  have  been  received  at  asso- 
ciation headquarters,  and  the  campaign  will 
be  continued  during  and  after  the  semi- 
centennial period,  until  500,000  of  the  pledges 
have  been  received. 

The  speakers  bureau  has  already,  through 
its  "Four-Minute  Men,"  delivered  talks  on 
the  semi-centennial  at  300  motion  picture 
houses  and  this  work  is  continuing  each 
night.  The  bureau  also  has  calls  for  more 
than  100  addresses  before  clubs  and  other 
organizations  and  at  neighborhood  pro- 
grams during  the  celebration. 

Neighborhood  Organizations  Busy 

The  committee  on  co-operation  by  neigh- 
borhood organizations  has  received  replies 
from  more  than  100  organizations  which 
will  have  a  special  program  some  day  dur- 
ing the  semi-centennial  period.  Some  of 
the  programs  are  exceedingly  broad  in  their 
scope,  taking  in  the  "no  fire — no  accident" 
propaganda  of  the  Chicago  Safety  Council, 
as  well  as  the  general  idea  of  the  semi-cen- 
tennial. Some  of  the  organizations  will 
have  programs  both  afternoon  and  evening. 

The  name  of  the  Hamilton  club  should 
have  appeared  in  the  list  of  organizations 
which  are  taking  part  in  plans  for  a  city- 
wide  commemoration  of  the  semi-centennial 
of  the  Chicago  fire,  which  was  printed  in 
CHICAGO  COMMERCE  Sept.  17.  The  Hamilton 
club  is  taking  an  active  part  in  the  plans 
and  its  name  was  omitted  through  error. 

The  schools,  both  public  and  parochial, 
are  planning  special  exercises  in  connection 
with  the  celebration. 

Will  Have  Religious  Services 

The  churches  will  observe  the  anniversary 
of  the  fire  Oct.  9,  and  the  synagogues  on 
Saturday,  Oct.  8.  The  morning  service  will 
have  a  special  sermon  giving  a  brief  historic 
statement  of  Chicago's  progress,  as  a  back- 
ground for  the  emphasis  upon  these  ele- 
ments in  Chicago's  life  which  will  be  es- 
sential to  realize  the  future  Chicago  which 
must  advance  toward  the  ideal  of  righteous- 
ness and  benevolence  that  exalt  a  city  in 
high  moral  and  spiritual  values  which  alone 
can  make  a  city  truly  great. 

The  second  service  will  be  a  union  meet- 
ing in  many  sections  where  the  churches 
usually  unite  for  Thanksgiving  or  other  oc- 
casions; but  whether  a  union  service  or  one 
in  the  individual  churches,  the  plan  is  to 
make  this  second  service  one  in  which  the 
privilege  and  duty  of  good  citizenship  will 
be  featured.  The  speakers  will  be  out- 
standing laymen,  business  and  professional 
men,  who  will  discuss  this  subject  and  add 
greatly  to  the  interest  which  a  new  voice 
always  brings.  The  Young  People's  So- 


cieties are  to  confer  and  cooperate  with 
their  pastors  in  connection  with  this  second 
service,  making  a  special  effort  to  get  all 
the  "first  voters"  who  will  vote  for  the  first 
time  at  the  next  election,  and  have  these 
seated  together  at  the  service,  together  with 
those  who  have  just  passed  their  majority. 
These  potential  citizens  are  the  hope  of 
future  Chicago. 

Wins  Chicago  Song  Prize 

Charles  G.  Blanden,  secretary  of  the  Ri- 
alto  Trust,  which  owns  and  operates  the 
Postal  Telegraph  building,  is  the  winner  of 
the  $100  prize  for  the  best  words  for  a  new 
Chicago  Song.  Mr.  Blanden  is  the  "Laura 
Blackburn"  of  the  Line-o'-Type  column  in 
the  Chicago  Tribune,  and  lives  at  305  S. 
Grove  avenue.  Oak  Park.  His  poem  fol- 
lows: 

CHICAGO 

Behold!     she  stands 

Beside  her  inland   sea, 
With   outstretched   hands 

To  welcome  you  and  me  — 

Chicago. 

For    every    art, 

For  Brotherhood  she  stands, 
Love   in   her   heart 

And  bounty  in  her  hands  — 
Chicago. 

Within    her   soul 

Is  highest  hope  aflame; 
Yea,   here  the  goal 

Of  every  goodly  fame  — 


Chicago. 


Though   she   be  last 


ugh   she   be  last 
Great  city.  East  or  West, 
The    die    is   cast  — 

The    world    shall    hail    her    best  — 
Chicago. 

Nor   War,   nor   Fire, 

Nor    any    other    Fate, 
Can    quench   desire 

To    make    her    truly    great  — 

Chicago. 

Her    Vision    leads. 

Her    motto    is    "I    Will"; 
Though  great  her  deeds, 

Her    dream    is    greater   still  — 
Chicago. 

She    aims    to    be 

Far   more  than   brick   or  stone; 
A   Victory! 

A    bugle    forward    blown! 

Chicago. 
CHORUS. 

Chicago,    Chicago, 

Chicago    is   my    home; 
My    heart    is    in    Chicago, 

Wherever    I    may   roam. 

Will   Be   Set  to  Music 

The  poems  submitted  in  the  contest  were 
submitted  to  Harriet  Monroe,  editor  of 
Poetry,  and  Walter  Dill  Scott,  president  of 
Northwestern  University.  They  worked  in- 
dependently of  each  other  in  considering 
the  manuscripts  and  Mr.  Blanden's  manu- 
script was  the  choice  of  each.  The  song 
committee,  George  W.  Rosseter  and  J.  L. 
Shilling,  has  submitted  the  poem  to  a 
number  of  Chicago  composers  who  will 
set  it  to  music.  A  prize  of  $100  has  been 
offered  for  the  best  musical  setting. 

The  decorations  committee  has  succeeded 
in  creating  considerable  interest  in  the  Chi- 
cago Flag,  which  it  hopes  will  be  made  the 
basis  of  all  decorations  during  the  semi- 
centennial. Almost  unknown  before  the 
Association  of  Commerce  took  it  up,  the 
flag  is  now  on  sale  in  all  the  department 
stores,  anc1  by  several  manufacturers  who 
are  circularizing  the  city.  Many  thousands 
of  the  flags  have  been  ordered  and  it  prom- 
ises to  be  well  known  before  the  semi-cen- 
tennial fete  is  over. 


October  1,  1921]  C  H I C  A  G  O     C  O  M  M  E  R  C  E  29 


Mrs.  O'Leary's  Cow 
Started  Something 

and  then  progressive  Chicagoans 
built  a  bigger  and  better  place  in 
which  to  live  and  do  business.  That 
same  progressive  thought  makes 
it  possible  today  for  buyers  to  pur- 
chase art  work,  engravings,  type- 
setting and  electrotyping  in  one 
plant — the  greatest  in  the  world. 


CENTRAL 

TYPESETTING  AND  ELECTROTYPING  CO. 
Telephones:  Superior  307  450-472  West  Superior  St. 

Engravers     :     oArtists      :      Typesetters      :     Electrotypers 


30 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Helping  to  Make  the 

Afternoon  Hours  Produce 


Vitrolite  equips  the  industrial 
lunch  room  of  the  following 
plants.  It  is  marked  by  manu- 
facturers as  linking  the  lunch 
room  with  permanent  cleanli- 
ness, thus  giving  it  the  oppor- 
tunity to  best  serve  both 
employees  and  employers. 

Users  of  Vitrolite 

These  users  speak  volumes  for 
the  merits  of  Vitrolite 

National  Cash  Register  Co. 

Swift  &  Co. 

Wilson  &  Co. 

Wm.  Wrigley  Jr.  Co. 

Illinois  Steel  Co. 

Corn  Products  Refining  Co. 

National  Lead  Co. 

Butler  Bros. 

Packard  Motor  Car  Co. 

Chevrolet  Motor  Co. 

Morgan  &  Wright 

Timken  Roller  Bearing  Co. 

Hyatt  Roller  Bearing  Co. 

National  Biscuit  Co. 

American  Tobacco  Co. 

California  Packing  Co. 

U.  S.  Playing  Card  Co. 

The  Lukemheimer  Co. 

American  Multigraph  Sales  Co. 

S.  B.  &  B.  W.  Fleisher,  Inc. 

Eastman  Kodak  Co. 

Mcrroll  &  Soule  Co. 

Jeffery  Manufacturing  Co. 

U.  S.  Bureau  Standard 

National  Lamp  Works 

General  Motors  Corp. 

General  Electric  Co. 

Dunlap  Tire  &  Rubber  Co. 

Hershey  Chocolate  Co. 

Sears,  Roebuck  and  Co. 

American  Chicle  Co. 

Lufkin  Rule  Co. 

Edison  Electric  Appliance  Co. 

Hudson  Motor  Car  Co. 

Kawneer  Mfg.  Co. 

Armour  &  Co. 

Wilson  Bros. 

A.  W.  Shaw  &  Co. 

Phoenix  Knitting 

Wayne  Knitting 

Allen  A  Co. 


Cleanliness  in  any  part  of  the  factory  is  potential  production. 
Clean  up  the  employee,  his  bench  or  the  conditions  he  works 
under  and  more  and  better  work  is  certain. 

Cleanliness  in  the  industrial  lunch  room  is  of  particular  importance, 
for  it  is  here  that  appearance  frequently  determines  the  success 
or  failure  of  the  installation. 

To  contribute  its  part  to  the  increase  of  afternoon  production,  the 
industrial  lunch  room  must  be  clean  and  inviting.  It  must  have 
the  appeal  that  draws  and  holds  attendance,  and  that  appeal  is 
largely  through  the  eye.  Vitrolite — pure  white — table  tops  and 
counters  give  the  industrial  lunch  room  the  appearance  and  actual 
cleanliness  which  capitalize  this  appeal.  What  it  is  worth  has 
been  proved  by  the  afternoon  work  sheets  in  a  large  number  of 
factories  which  have  realized  its  potential  production. 

Vitrolite  installations  are  made  under  the  personal 
supervision  of  our  own  representatives,  who  have 
specialized  on  the  industrial  lunch  room.  Their 
services  assure  you  of  the  most  economical  and  satis- 
factory arrangement  and  installation  of  lunch  room 
equipment.  Write  us  and  the  representative  nearest 
you  will  call. 

Address 

THE   VITROLITE    COMPANY,    CHICAGO 

Chamber  of  Commerce  Building 


OlfiE 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


31 


Great  Industries  Make  Chicago  Great 

City  Owes  Much  to  Many  Industries  That  Have 
Brought    It   Wealth,    Fame    and  Population 


Many  factors  have  contributed  to  the 
greatness  of  Chicago  and  its  growth  in 
fifty  years  from  a  town  of  300,000  to  the 
world's  fourth  city,  but  none  of  them  has 
played  a  more  powerful  part  than  have 
the  various  great  industries  that  have  made 
the  city  their  home  and  brought  to  it  wealtii 
and  fame  and  population.  Without  them 
Chicago  could  not  have  risen  to  the  heights 
it  has  attained  today.  Included  in  the  list 
of  these  great  business  organizations — a 
list  that  could  be  extended  almost  indef- 
initely— must  be  the  railways,  the  stock- 
yards industry,  the  great  steel  plants  in 
and  adjoining  the  city,  the  lumber  indus- 
try, the  making  of  agricultural  machinery, 
the  great  Pullman  plant  for  the  production 
of  railway  cars,  the  grain  business,  the 
clothing  industry  and  others. 

It  is  these  giant  industries,  among  others, 
that  have  contributed  so  much  to  the 
greatness  of  Chicago.  How  they  have 
grown  from  small  beginnings  to  first  rank 
among  world  industries  is  told  briefly  in 
the  paragraphs  that  follow.  It  must  be 
understood  that  the  few  to  which  mention 
here  is  limited  by  the  dictates  of  space,  are 
not  all  or  nearly  all  the  great  businesses  of 
today  that  have  played  a  part  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  Chicago.  They  are  but  typi- 
cal of  the  great  number  of  which  Chicago 
is  proud  and  to  which  Chicago  owes  much. 

How  Stock  Yards   Have  Grown 

Chicago's  growth  to  its  present  propor- 
tions hinged  in  large  measure  on  the  stub- 
born determination  of  the  business  pio- 
neers of  "71,  who  were  undaunted  by  the 
great  fire  and  whose  faith  in  their  city  was 
strengthened  rather  than  weakened  by  the 
ordeal  they  had  experienced.  Prominent 
among  these  were  the  men  identified  with 
the  stock  yards,  slaughtering,  and  meat 
packing  business  of  Chicago,  who,  only 
six  years  prior  to  the  fire  had  centered  all 
of  that  business  in  what  is  now  the  Union 
stock  yards,  the  largest  live  stock  market 
in  the  world,  surrounded  by  the  largest 
aggregation  of  modern  meat  packing  plants. 

Today,  the  union  stock  yards  of  Chicago 
covers  an  area  of  500  acres,  of  which  450 
acres  are  paved  with  brick.  There  are 
300  miles  of  railroad  trackage,  25  miles  of 
streets  and  run-ways.  13.000  pens — all  of 
this  area  and  these  facilities  making  pos- 
sible a  capacity  for  the  daily  handling  of 
75,000  cattle,  125,000  sheep,  300,000  hogs 
and  6,000  horses. 

A  comparison  of  the  number  of  animals 
handled  in  1871  and  1920  brings  out  the 
wonderful  growth  that  has  taken  place  in 
Chicago  as  a  live  stock  market  and  a  pro- 
ducer of  meats,  as  the  following  table  of 

receipts  of  live  stock 'shows: 

Per  Cent 

1871                      1920  Increase 

Cattle    543,050               3,107  090  472 

Calves    742.405 

Sheep     315,053               4,005,237  1.171 

Hogs    8.380,083              7,526,120  812 

Of  the  amount  of  live  stock  received  in 
Chicago  during  the  year  1920,  fully  75  per 
cent  was  slaughtered  in  Chicago,  the  re- 
maining 25  per  cent  having  been  reshipped 
to  other  points. 

Food  for  Many  Millions 

The  approximate  yield  of  meat  products 
from  the  1,913,526  cattle,  689,337  calves, 
2,803.089  sheep,  and  5.869.592  hogs  slaugh- 
tered in  Chicago  during  the  year  1920  was 


2,250,000,000  pounds,  which,  on  a  basis  of 
154  pounds  per  capital  per  annum  consump- 
tion supplied  the  needs  of  14,500,000  people. 
Fifty  years  ago  it  was  possible  to  trans- 
port fresh  meats  only  during  cold  weather. 
Hence,  practically  all  the  meat  was  really 
packed,  that  is,  it  was  put  up  in  pickle 
and  packed  in  barrels.  Commerce  in  meat 
products  was  limited  to  cured  and  smoked 
meats.  This  condition  did  not  change  until 
several  years  after  the  big  fire,  when  the 
refrigerator  car  service  was  inaugurated  by 
Chicago  packers  and  revolutionized  the 


Herbert  J.  Friedman, 

Originator   of   Semi-Centennial   Celebration 
Plan 

meat  business  of  the  country,  so  that  today 
it  is  possible  to  obtain  fresh  meat  at  all 
times  of  the  year  in  any  part  of  the  coun- 
try accessible  by  transportation. 

Packingtown  of  Chicago  got  its  primary 
impetus  through  the  war  needs  of  '61.  Its 
service  in  times  of  extreme  need  was  ef- 
fectively demonstrated  throughout  the  pe- 
riod of  the  great  war.  It  is  conceded  that 
food  was  an  important  factor  in  deciding 
the  outcome  of  the  war,  and  that  meat 
products  were  one  of  the  principal  foods. 

Known  All  Over  the  World 

Chicago's  packingtown  is  famed  all  over 
the  world.  As  many  as  200,000  visitors  are 
shown  through  the  various  plants  by  uni- 
formed guides  who  pilot  them  to  points  of 
interest  and  exp'ain  the  processes.  The 
packing  industry  has  not  only  been  one  of 
*he  economic  mainstays  of  our  city  and  the 
tributary  farm  sections,  but  it  has  been  in- 


strumental   in    effectively    advertising    Chi- 
cago in  every  land. 

Approximately  one-fourth  of  the  value  of 
the  manufacturing  output  of  Chicago  con- 
sists of  packing-house  products.  The  in- 
dustry in  Chicago  employs  from  50,000  to 
75,000  workers,  according  to  the  season  of 
the  year,  and  is  noted  for  its  stability  in 
operation.  It  is  a  going  business  in  good 
times  and  bad  times,  and  does  not  even 
shut  down  for  repairs. 

Railway  Business  in  Chicago 

Transportation,  too,  has  played  a  big 
part  in  the  development  of  Chicago.  A  map 
of  the  railway  lines  serving  the  city  in  1871 
bears  little  resemblance  to  the  almost  count- 
less lines  that  center  in  Chicago  today.  Wa- 
ter transportation  likewise  has  served  the 
city  well  and  will  attain  far  greater  impor- 
tance with  the  development  of  the  Great 
Lakes-St.  Lawrence  and  Lakes  to  Gulf 
projects. 

As  a  railroad  center  Chicago  is  supreme. 
Fully  40  per  cent  of  the  railroad  mileage  of 
the  United  States  terminates  in  Chicago, 
this  figure^  including  thirty-nine  railroads, 
twenty-four  of  which  are  great  systems. 
These  railroads  reach  all  parts  of  the 
United  State's  by  the  most  direct  routes. 
Chicago  is  the  main  point  at  which  they 
receive  and  deliver  freight  and  passengers. 

The  number  of  passengers  arriving  and 
departing  daily  averages  250,000.  They  are 
carried  on  1,300  trains,  or  almost  one  train 
to  the  minute  throughout  the  day. 

Has  Hundred  Railway  Yards 

More  than  100  railroad  yards  are  lo- 
cated in  and  around  Chicago,  one  of  them 
having  a  daily  capacity  of  10,000  freight 
cars.  There  are  177  freight  receiving  sta- 
tions. Many  of  the  largest  industrial  es- 
tablishments do  not  use  the  freight  receiv- 
ing stations,  but  have  switch  tracks  where 
cars  are  loaded  at  the  plants  and  sent  di- 
rect to  their  destinations. 

Switching  facilities  at  the  industrial 
plants  present  unusual  advantages  as  the 
cars  are  usually  taken  to  the  belt  lines,  which 
intersect  every  railroad  entering  Chicago. 
There  are  1,400  miles  of  belt  ra.lway  lines 
in  the  city,  this  being  one-third  of  the  belt 
railway  mileage  of  the  United  States. 
Plants  on  these  belt  lines  have  direct  com- 
munication with  all  parts  of  the  country,  a 
fact  which  enables  them  to  receive  raw  ma- 
terials and  ship  their  output  at  a  minimum 
of  expense. 

Another  important  factor  that  has  aided 
in  developing  Ch:cago's  leadersh'p  as  a  dis- 
tributing center  is  the  excellence  of  its  less- 
than-carload  shipment  system.  Under  this 
system  small  shipments  from  a  number  of 
merchants  destined  for  a  given  point  are 
collected  into  a  carload.  There  are  2,500 
of  these  package  cars  that  leave  Chicago 
daily. 

Our  Great  Steel  Industry 

Proximity  to  deposits  of  iron  ore,  trans- 
portat'on  advantages  both  by  rail  and  wa- 
ter and  the  fact  that  customers  throughout 
the  west  can  be  reached  by  a  short  haul 
are  among  the  factors  that  have  helped  to 
develop  a  great  steel  and  iron  producing 
district  in  and  around  Chicago. 

The  plant  of  the  Indiana  Steel  company, 
at  Gary  in  the  Chicago  industnal  district, 
(Contniucd  on  page  44) 


32 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


ALSO    CHICAGO   CLEARING    HOUSE   ASSOCIATION 

MAKE  THIS  YOUR  BANK 

Accounts  of  Corporations  and  Individuals  Solicited. 
Start   a   Savings   Account    Here — $1.00   is   Enough. 

To  better  serve  our  many  customers  and  friends  we  expect 
to  occupy  our  new  banking  home  about  November  fifteenth. 

OFFICERS 

C.  A.  WATHIER,  President.  O.    C    GRUNWALD,    Assistant    Cashier. 

HUGH  McNEFF,  Vice-President.  E.  J.   RUSSELL.   Assistant  Cashier. 

R.  F.  KOPPERSCHMIDT,  Cashier.  H.    DeJEAN.   Assistant   Cashier. 

IRVING  B,   ENEVOUD,  Assistant  Cashier.  H.  J.   KEHRES,  Auditor. 

DIRECTORS 


ft.   C.    WIEBOLDT,    President,   R.    C.    Wie- 

boldt  Company. 
JOHN  T.  CUNNINGHAM,  President,  John 

T.  Cunningham  lee  Cream  Co. 
HAROLD  C.  STROTZ,  Mitchell,  HntcUns 

*  Co..  Inc. 
SIMON   J.    MORAND,  President.   Morand 

Bros, 


CHARLES  T.   LUCKOW,  President,  Globe 

Laandry    Co. 
PHILIP    V.    BRIGHT,    President.    P.    V. 

Bright    Company. 

WALTER    CRADLE,    President,    Swedish 

Produce  Co. 

RAYMOND   CARDONA.  Capitalist. 
C.    A.    WATHIER,    President. 
HUGH  McNEFF.  Vice-President. 


Open  all  day  Mondays  and  Saturdays,  9  A.  M.  to  8  P.  M. 
Other  business  days  9  A.M.  to  3  P.M. 

Reliance  State  Bank 


MADISON  AND  OGDEN 


October  1,  1921]  C  H I C  A  G  O     C  O  M  M  E  R  C  E  33 


Critchell,  Miller,  Whitney  &  Barbour 

This  firm  through  its  founder,   the  late  R.  S.  Critchell,  paid  the  first  loss  of  the  Great 
Fire!  The  loss  draft  was  for  $4,000.00  to  Hart,  Asten  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  grain  bags. 

For  over  fifty  years  we  have  been  calling  the  attention  of  the  people  of  Chicago  to  the 
necessity  of  insurance. 

You  Carry  insurance  against  fire,  tornado  and  burglary;  otherwise,  the  savings  of 

Should  years  may  he  wiped  out  instantly  by  forces  beyond  your  control. 

Carry  life  and  accident  insurance  to  provide  for  those  dependent  upon  you. 

Carry  liability  and  workmen's  compensation  insurance.  The  laws  of  the  State 
make  you  responsible  for  accidents  to  others,  and  your  entire  capital  may  be 
lost  by  some  ordinary  accident. 

Carry  insurance  to  cover  any  calamity  which  can  be  insured  against. 

Having  made  up  your  mind  to  buy  the  necessary  insurance,  how  foolish 
to  get  any  but  the  "time-tried,  fire-tested"  variety. 


This  is  the  largest  local  insurance  agency  in  Chicago.     To  have  reached  this 
Want       position  in  a  city  the  size  of  Chicago  means  something!      Such  things  are 

You  to   not  accidents- 

Know  We  represent  the  biggest,  strongest  and  oldest  companies  in  the  business.  The 
Tha  t  price  is  uniform,  why  not  have  the  best  ? 

The  Chicago  Board  of  Underwriters  fixes  the  rates  for  fire  insurance  as  it  finds 
conditions.  It  is  our  business  to  bring  about  improved  conditions,  thereby 
reducing  the  cost  to  the  assured  and  the  losses  of  our  companies. 

Our  experts  on  the  preparation  and  rating  of  Life,  Accident,  Compensation 
and  Automobile  Insurance  are  at  the  service  of  our  customers. 

We  have  satisfied  customers  because  we  issue  policies  free  from  technicalities. 
Our  growth  proves  this. 

If  our  customers  advise  with  us  on  values,  the  co-insurance  clause  becomes  prac- 
tically inoperative.  You  settle  your  losses  with  the  office  that  sells  the  policy- 

Our  firm  is  composed  of  active,  experienced  and  responsible  insurance 
men.  When  you  deal  with  Critchell,  Miller,  Whitney  &  Barbour,  you 
get  double  responsibility;  the  best  insurance  agency  service  backed  by 
the  best  companies. 

Our  companies  have  assets  of  over  $85,000,000! 
And   have  paid  losses   of  over   $500,000,000! 

Critchell,  Miller,  Whitney  &  Barbour 

175  W.  Jackson  Blvd.,  Chicago 

CHI  C  A  G  O  '  S    LEADING    INSURANCE    AGENCY 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


ANNOUNCING  OUR 


NEW     WAREHOUSES 

with  double  our  previous  capacity  and  twice  the  stock  of 

WILLIAMSPORT  WIRE  ROPE 


—  AT  — 


1323  TO  1333  CARROLL  AVENUE,  CHICAGO 

THESE  new  warehouses  afford  us  every  modern  facility  for  immediate  shipments 
of  any  size  and  construction  of  wire  rope.     We  believe  our  trade  will  appreciate 
this  greatly  increased  middle-west  service  we  are  now  able  to  offer,  with  this  vast 
stock,  and  cordially  invite  you  to  avail  yourselves  of  the  facilities  now  at  your  command. 

WILLIAMSPORT  WIRE  ROPE  COMPANY 


CHICAGO  OFFICE 

122  S.  MICHIGAN  AVENUE 

PHONE  HARRISON  8201 


C.  M.  BALLARD 

Western  Manager 


WAREHOUSE 

1323-33  CARROLL  AVE. 

PHONE  HARRISON  8201 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


35 


How  Chicago  Business  Defied  the  Fire 

Merchants  and  Bankers  Get  to  Work  Day  After  Great 
Fire.     Build  Temporary  Shacks,   Use  Barns,  Residences 


Preparations  for  commemorating  the  fif- 
tieth anniversary  of  the  great  fire  of  1871 
recall  to  old  residents  the  day  when  Chicago 
business  men  passed  through  their  Louvain 
and  came  out  of  the  ordeal  in  a  manner  that 
determined  the  city's  industrial  future  and 
won  for  them  the  admiration  of  the  entire 
country. 

Michigan  boulevard,  Grant  park  and  the 
new  link  bridge  are  generally  regarded  as 
being  representative  of  the  Chicago  spirit 
of  today.  In  the  days  immediately  after  the 
great  fire  they  also  served  as  excellent  ex- 
amples of  this  same  spirit,  but  in  a  far  differ- 
ent way. 

At  that  time  the  bridge  was  gone  and  the 
Lake  Front,  now  Grant  park,  was  the  site 
of  "Slabtown,"  a  row  of  wooden  shacks 
that  sprang  up  in  a  few  weeks  and  extended 
rapidly  from  Park  row  to  Randolph  street. 
These  shacks  housed  many  of  the  big  busi- 
ness houses  of  Chicago  long  enough  to  en- 
able them  to  "come  back,"  and  re-establish 
their  affairs  on  a  firm  basis. 

Kerfoot  Shack  is  First 

Compared  with  the  Michigan  boulevard 
of  today,  this  row  of  shanties  presented  a 
strange  sight.  Some  of  the  '49ers  were  still 
around  the  city  and  they  said  that  the  Lake 
Front  reminded  them  of  Main  street  in  a 
boom  town  in  one  of  the  western  "built-in- 
a-night"  communities.  The  shacks  were  one 
or  two  stories  and  sometimes  of  great  depth. 

The  first  building  to  go  up  in  the  busi- 
ness district  after  the  fire  was  the  well 
known  shanty  erected  at  89  Washington 
street  by  W.  D.  Kerfoot,  who  lost  every- 
thing Oct.  9.  On  the  morning  of  Oct.  10, 
it  is  said  that  Mr.  Kerfoot,  his  clerk  and 
his  clerk's  father,  put  up  the  shanty.  The 
ruins  were  so  hot  that  they  could  not  get 
into  the  lot,  so  they  put  up  the  shanty  in 
the  street.  By  Oct.  19  the  ruins  had  cooled 
sufficiently  so  that  it  was  possible  to  move 
the  shanty  back  on  the  building  lot. 

Mr.  Kerfoot  put  up  signs  which  read 
"Kerfoot's  block,  W.  D.  Kerfoot,  Every- 
thing gone  but  wife,  children  and  energy." 
His  pluck  cheered  up  his  associates,  who 
dropped  in  at  his  office  so  often  that  it 
became  a  sort  of  half-way  house  between 
the  north  and  south  sides.  A  bulletin  board 
was  erected  in  front  and  upon  this  Chica- 
goans  posted  notices  telling  where  they 
could  be  found.  For  a  time  this  was  used 
as  a  city  directory,  and  the  office  became 
an  information  bureau.  Many  a  man  had  a 
good  laugh  when  he  looked  at  "Kerfoot's 
block,"  and  he  went  home  feeling  better. 

Start  Lake  Front  Building 

Within  twenty  days  after  the  fire  busi- 
ness was  resumed,  the  rebound  from  the 
depression  following  immediately  after  the 
disaster  being  remarkable.  Provision  had 
been  made  that  the  Lake  Front  could  be 
used  for  nothing  but  park  purposes,  but  the 
Board  of  Public  Works  decided  to  let  it  be 
used  temporarily  for  business.  Leases  were 
granted  to  business  men  at  the  rate  of  $500. 
for  twenty-five  feet  of  frontage,  for  one 
year,  with  the  provision  that  at  the  end 
of  twelve  months  the  buildings  must  be 
removed.  Then  an  army  of  carpenters  was 
set  to  work  and  their  hammers  beat  a  steady 
tattoo  for  weeks.  So  many  temporary 
shacks  were  put  up  that  the  fear  was  ex- 


pressed that  Chicago  was  inviting  another 
great  fire. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  were  5,000  mer- 
chants who  had  lost  everything  but  their 
good  name.  At  the  same  time  there  were 
at  least  200,000  people  in  the  city  who 
needed  goods  at  once,  and  probably  ten 
times  that  number  outside  the  city  who 
depended  upon  Chicago  for  their  supplies. 

The  question,  "How  are  we  to  get  goods  to 
stock  up  with?"  was  quickly  answered.  Imme- 
diately after  the  fire  leading  merchants  of 
Chicago  received  hundreds  of  telegrams 
from  houses  in  other  cities.  These  mes- 


Maurice  Blink, 

Author  of  Semi-Centennial  Slogan,  "Undaunted 
We  Build" 

sages  were  summarized  by  a  business  man 
of  that  period  as  follows:  "We  presume  you 
have  been  burned  out.  We  have  faith  in 
you.  Order  what  you  need." 

Some   Salvage  From   Fire 

Observers  who  were  on  the  ground  at 
the  time  report  that  goods  were  saved  from 
the  fire  in  surprising  amounts.  These  had 
been  stored  away  in  tunnels,  buried  in 
alleys,  piled  up  on  the  lake  shore,  strewn 
in  front  yards,  dumped  on  schooners  and 
even  run  out  of  the  city  in  box  cars.  There 
were  some  business  men  who  never  recov- 
ered from  the  shock  and  were  unable  to 
resume,  their  establishments  passing  out  of 
existence,  but  their  number  was  not  large. 

The  determination  to  resume  business  at 
once,  no  matter  where,  resulted  in  some 
curious  developments.  Field,  Leiter  &  Co. 
now  Marshall  Field  &  Co.,  set  up  business 
in  the  horse  car  barns  of  the  South  side 
street  railway,  at  State  and  Twentieth  streets. 
The  floors  were  fixed  up  and  the  walls  were 
painted  or  whitewashed.  Harnesses  were 


taken  from  the  racks  and  were  replaced  by 
women's  dresses.  Show  cases  were  put  in 
and  a  thriving  business  was  soon  started, 
the  elite  of  the  town  circulating  around 
where  the  hostlers  were  supposed  to  hold 
forth. 

Even  churches  were  commandeered,  some 
for  relief  purposes  and  some  for  business. 
One  church  was  taken  over  by  an  express 
company,  the  desks  of  the  officials  being 
behind  an  arch  over  which  were  the  words: 
"Come  unto  Me  all  ye  who  are  weary  and 
heavy  laden."  One  church  was  used  as  a 
watch  factory.  In  another  a  dentist  was  at 
work  in  what  was  formerly  the  choir  room, 
with  all  sorts  of  offices  scattered  throughout 
the  structure. 

How  Trade  Invaded  Residences 

Many  of  the  details  of  the  business  situ- 
ation were  recorded  in  January,  1872,  by 
William  A.  Crofutt,  managing  editor  of  the 
Post  at  the  time  of  the  fire,  who  reported 
how  trade  invaded  the  aristocratic  thorough- 
fares during  the  reconstruction  period. 

The  "first  families"  were  routed  out  of 
many  homes  along  Michigan  avenue,  Wa- 
bash  avenue,  west  Washington  street  and 
other  districts  that  were  then  noted  for  their 
exclusiveness.  Several  merchants  and  bank- 
ers sent  their  families  to  the  upper  floors 
of  their  homes,  while  the  lower  floors  were 
used  for  business.  Displays  of  stockings 
and  other  goods  were  made  in  windows  on 
the  lower  floors. 

In  one  case  a  blacksmith  shop  was  quickly 
converted  into  a  ladies'  store.  Frequently 
there  would  be  several  kinds  of  business, 
under  one  roof.  In  one  fine  home  there  was 
a  shoe  store  in  the  basement,  a  button  fac- 
tory on  the  main  floor  and  upstairs  were  the 
offices  of  lawyers,  doctors  and  insurance 
men. 

Within  a  short  time  Chicago  became  the 
Mecca  of  sign  painters  and  every  man  who 
could  find  a  brush  and  a  paint  pot  was  kept 
busy.  The  supply  of  boards  for  signs  was 
soon  exhausted  and  signs  were  then  painted 
on  cloth.  Some  of  the  big  banks  had  to- 
be  content  for  a  time  with  these  cloth  signs. 

Real  Buildings  Soon  Started 

One-year  permits  for  wooden  buildings 
were  isued  in  the  burned  area,  which  was 
bounded  by  the  lake,  the  river  and  Harrison 
street.  But  it  was  not  long  before  real 
building  was  under  way,  full  tilt.  In  De- 
cember bonfires  were  used  to  keep  the  mor- 
tar warm  enough  so  that  it  could  be  used  by 
bricklayers.  On  D«c.  1,  212  permanent 
buildings  were  in  process  of  construction, 
and  by  May  1  this  number  had  been  in- 
creased to  1,000. 

Old  LaSalle  street  had  been  the  pride  of 
Chicagoans,  as  it  had  a  number  of  buildings 
that  were  considered  magnificent  structures. 
"Chicago  will  never  see  their  like  again," 
was  one  of  the  sayings  heard  at  that  time. 
Much  enterprise  was  shown.  Work  was 
rushed  on  "Palmer's  Grand  Hotel,"  calcium 
lights  being  used  at  night. 

In  rebuilding  the  city  merchants  showed 
a  tendency  to  establish  themselves  in  groups, 
instead  of  being  scattered  about  promiscu- 
ously as  they  had  been.  The  present  whole- 
sale district  is  evidently  an  outgrowth  of 
what  was  done  soon  after  the  fire,  as  sev- 
eral of  the  biggest  establishments  chose 
this  locality  and  others  followed. 
(Continued  on  page  46) 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


I 


I 


Pressroom 
Excelsior 
Printing' 
Company 


The  Pressroom  is  the  heart  of  the  plant.  Both  the  quality  of  work  pro- 
duced and  the  ability  to  deliver  on  schedule  time  are  largely  dependent 
on  press  facilities.  No  plant  in  the  country  has  more  thoroughly 
equipped  pressrooms  than  those  of  the  EXCELSIOR  PRINTING 
COMPANY,  part  of  one  shown  above.  Running  day  and  night 
at  full  capacity,  few  plants  handle  large  editions  with  equal  facility. 


EXCELSIOR  PRI? 


712-732    Federal    St. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


37 


Pressroom 
Excelsior 
Printing 
Company 


The  temperature  is  kept  practically  uniform  the  year  round  to  insure 
best  results  from  paper.  The  neat  and  orderly  condition  of  the  press- 
room is  not  staged.  It  is  kept  this  way  in  order  to  influence  our 
operators  to  be  neat  and  accurate  with  the  work.  The  battery  of  presses, 
which  are  the  largest  made,  enable  us  to  produce  catalogs,  magazines, 
houseorgans  and  pamphlets  at  a  low  cost.  Send  us  your  specifications. 


FING  COMPANY 

Chicago,     Illinois 


38 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Book  on  Chicago,  Its  Past,  Present  and  Future,   Is 

Feature  of  the/Semi-Centennial 


From  her  New  England  play  place  the 
other  (Jay  came  to  President  Noel  of  the 
Association  of  Commerce  a  letter  from  one 
of  Chicago's  prominent  society  women,  Mrs. 
John  Alden  Carpenter.  It  was  a  letter  in 
response  to  a  circular  communication  of  the 
president  asking  from  a  certain  number  of 
selected  citizens  what  in  their  judgment 
Chicago  should  undertake  in  the  near  future 
as  a  single  distinctive  act  in  celebration  of 
the  city's  reconstruction  by  fire.  Mrs.  Car- 
penter's proposal  was:  "I  suggest  doing 
away  with  the  smoke,  using  the  following 
slogan: 

WE  PUT  OUT  THE  FIRE  BUT  LEFT  THE  SMOKE. 
BETTER  PUT  OUT  THE  SMOKE. 

"From  every  point  of  view,"  continues 
Mrs.  Carpenter,  "the  smoke  of  Chicago  is 
the  main  destructive  factor  in  the  city's 
progress  toward  being  beautiful,  elegant  and 
really  cosmopolitan." 

It  is  not  that  this  citizen's  suggestion  is 
unique  that  it  is  emphasized  here,  because 
from  all  sides  comes  the  plea  that  Chicago 
abolish  its  smoke  nuisance,  but  her  letter 
is  quoted  for  the  particular  reason  that  it 
figures  in  a  happy  and  witty  way  something 
that  a  combined  city  can  shoot  at  in  its 
progresive  policies.  And  so  let  there  be 
repeated  this  slogan  designed  to  promote  a 
reform  so  generally  obnoxious  and  detri- 
mental and  so  earnestly  desired  by  all 
classes:  "We  put  out  the  fire  but  left  the 
smoke.  Better  put  out  the  smoke." 

Time  for  Future  Planning 

Smoke,  whatever  its  evils,  is  however  but 
one  of  the  unfavorable  conditions  of  Chi- 
cago's life  and  its  abatement  is  one  of  the 
sure  advances  of  the  near  future.  Smoke 
truly  brings  discomfort  and  loss  but  there 
are  fundamental  requirements  in  Chicago's 
life  which  demand  more  profound  consider- 
ation, and  no  time  is  more  opportune  for 
general  reflection  and  planning  on  these 
matters  than  in  the  beginning  of  the  second 
fifty  years  of  the  century  following  the 
great  fre.  for  now  indeed  dawns  an  era  of 
design  and  far-reaching  purpose  in  recon- 
struction and  origination  of  new  facilities 
and  policies  in  this  great  city's  life. 

To  promote  constructive  consideration 
of  the  general  problem  of  progress  The 
Chicago  Association  of  Commerce  has  ac- 
cordingly turned  publisher  in  way  of  public 
service  and  is  producing  this  week  a  book 
of  "56  pages  entitled: 


CHICAGO 

YESTERDAY 

TODAY 
TOMORROW 
1673-1921-1973 


What  the  Book  Is 

This  book,  unique  of  its  kind  in  Chicago's 
literature,  is  meant  to  be  a  sort  of  text-book 
of  progress,  a  skeletonized  program  of  ac- 
tual and  potential  lines  of  development  in 
Chicago's  next  quarter  or  half  a  century. 
This  production  which  the  association  offers 
as  a  suggestive  program  for  future  work 
could  not  be  issued  unaccompanied  by  a 
review  of  Chicago's  romantic  and  stirring 
past,  and  so  the  book  contains  two  historical 
papers  prepared  by  specialists  in  research 
and  presentation.  These  papers  constitute 


the  first  two  parts  of  the  book  and  these 
two  parts  comprehend  Chicago's  history 
from  the  coming  of  Marquette  and  Jolliet 
to  a  current  event  as  late,  say,  as  the  or- 
ganization of  Chicago's  citizens  to  give  ade- 
quate financial  support  to  grand  opera. 

The  first  historical  part  is  written  by  Milo 
Milton  Quaife,  editor  of  "Chicago  and  the 
Old  Northwest"  and  of  the  "Lakeside  Class- 
ics," the  latter  having  been  issued  by  R.  R. 
Donnelley  and  Sons  Company  in  annual  vol- 
umes at  Christmas  time,  thereby  contribut- 
ing to  the  building  up  of  an  historical  ser- 
ies which  secures  adequate  preservation  of 
the  record  of  salient  features  of  Chicago's 
career. 

The  second  part  of  the  historical  division 
has  been  prepared  by  Miss  Mabel  Mcllvaine, 
assistant  editor  of  the  Fort  Dearborn  maga- 
zine, and  sister  of  Miss  Caroline  Mcllvaine, 
librarian  of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society. 

These  two  parts  comprehend  a  recital  of 
Chicago's  interesting  life,  Mr.  Quaife's  con- 
tribution covering  a  wide  sweep  of  years  in 
broad  and  panoramic  way,  and  Miss  Mcll- 
vaine's  story  picturing  the  sequence  of  char- 
acteristic events  of  the  community  from 
prostration,  drawing  strength  from  disaster 
and  foreseeing  a  future  of  wonderful  growth. 
Great  and  distinctive  events  are  touched 
upon,  necessarily  briefly,  and  the  story  pro- 
gresses to  its  climax  with  Chicago's  parti- 
cipation in  the  great  war. 

For  Chicago  of  Tomorrow 

The  third  part  of  the  book,  devoted  to 
the  Chicago  that  is  and  might  be — that  ought 
to  be — has  been  planned  to  inform  Chicago 
citizens  about  the  progress  of  the  basic  ac- 
tivities of  the  city's  corporate  and  business 
life;  to  describe  new  ideas  of  progress  in, 
the  form  of  proposals  and  projects;  to  il- 
luminate public  vision  and  encourage  hope 
in  the  fulfillment  of  certain  essential  under- 
takings for  the  general  good.  This  forward 
looking  part  of  the  book,  which  is  its  greater 
part,  has  been  written  after  editorial  assem- 
bly of  authoritative  information  from  sources 
official  and  otherwise. 

It  is  divided  into  some  thirty  sections, 
under  as  many  topics,  and  these  discuss 
without  argument  or  controversial  spirit 
things  which  every  citizen  knows  some- 
thing about,  but  which  no  citizen  knows  any- 
where near  as  much  about  as  can  be  found 
in  the  succinct  record  of  these  teeming 
pages. 

The  information  herein  contained  is  not 
specifically  credited  to  its  sources  but  is 
presented  as  a  body  of  fact  and  opinion  im- 
personally in  such  ways  as  seemed  best  to 
the  editor.  The  editorial  treatment  is  neither 
dogmatic  nor  arbitrary,  and  the  editorial 
policy — the  policy  of  The  Chicago  Associa- 
tion of  Commerce — as  represented  in  its 
production,  is  planned  to  be  one  that  shall 
invite  a  hospitable  reception,  careful  thought 
and  collective  action. 

Book   Has   Many  Illustrations 

The  book  is  interestingly  illustrated  by 
fifty  or  more  pictures  and  maps  which  have 
been  selected,  with  discrimination. 

The  book  is  almost  of  pocket  size,  being 
about  5x7}/2  inches.  A  preliminary  edition 
of  4,000  copies,  bound  in  heavy  paper, 
stitched  with  thread  and  printed  on  fine 
paper,  is  being  issued  at  cost  price,  that  is 
50  cents.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  public- 
will  find  the  book  so  acceptable  in  many 
ways,  meeting  indeed  an  unimagined  neces- 
sity, that  encouragement  will  be  given  to 
produce  on  cheaper  paper  and  therefore  at 
even  a  lower  cost,  perhaps  several  hundred 
thousand  copies. 

From  the  following  topical  synops:s  of  the 


contents  of  the  third  or  program  part,  the 
public  amy  judge  of  the  scope  of  the  work 
and  whether  it  deserves  ourchase,  study  and 
preservation: 

Citizenship 

Woman    and    the    New    Chicago 

Government 

Chicago's    Need    of    a    Program    of    Religion 

Social    Welfare 

Education 

The    Greater    Chicago's    Health 

Public  Safety 

The  Public  Library 

Chicago    Historical    Society 

Chicago  and  the  Arts 

The    Chicago    Plan 

Railway    Terminals 

Zoning 

Commerce  and  Industry 

Chicago's  Cotton    Market 

New  Industries  That  Chicago  Needs 

Illiana  Harbor 

Chicago    in    Banking 

Subways 

Industrial  Relations 

Railway    Clearing    Yards 

Electrification 

Postal    Service 

Public    Utilities 

Chicago  as  Aviation  Center 

Growth  of  Community   Centers 

Calumet  Industrial  Harbor 

Chicago's  Terminals 

Chicago's  Drainage 

Such  is  the  range  of  study  of  this  little 
manual  of  a  greater  Chicago,  story  of  the 
past  and  sign-board  of  the  future. 


MARKET    IN   ARGENTINE 


Argentina  will  soon  be  in  the  market  for 
large  quantities  of  all  kinds  of  merchan- 
dise, according  to  Robert  S.  Barrett,  for- 
mer  United  States  trade  commissioner  to 
South  America,  and  whether  the  purchases 
will  be  made  in  the  United  States  or  in  Eu- 
rope depends  largely  on  whether  this  coun- 
try makes  its  offerings  of  goods  on  equal 
terms,  equal  prices  and  equal  credit  condi- 
tions. The  great  quantity  of  merchandise 
that  accumulated  at  the  docks  during  the 
war,  Mr.  Barrett  reports,  have  now  been 
greatly  reduced  and  buying  must  begin 
soon.  "American  prices  are  higher,  due  to 
the  exchange  situation,  with  a  35  per  cent 
premium  on  the  dollars,"  said  Mr.  Barrett. 
"This  is  offset,  however,  by  the  fact  that  de- 
liveries from  Europe  are  slow,  while  the 
existing  steamship  facilities  from  this  coun- 
try give  opportunity  for  speedy  deliveries. 
Difference  in  prices  can  also  be  overcome 
by  credits.  England,  Belgium  and  Ger- 
many are  demanding  one-third  down  when 
goods  are  ordered  and  the  balance  on  de- 
livery. It  is  not  true  that  extensive  credit 
is  granted  by  these  countries.  There  is  no 
reason  why  credits  of  90  to  180  days  can- 
not be  given  by  exporters  and  commercial 
houses  in  this  country. 


SCHOOL   FOR   CITY   EMPLOYES 


The  College  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
in  co-operation  with  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, is  offering  courses  of  study  for  the 
municipal  employes.  These  courses  are 
held  in  the  municipal  building,  in  the  even- 
ing from  5:15  to  7:10,  or  municipal  em- 
ployes may  attend  classes  at  the  evening 
session  of  the  college,  or  those  conducted 
by  the  Board  of  Education  in  the  high 
schools.  Business  subjects  such  as  book- 
keeping, stenography,  business  English, 
algebra,  commercial  law  and  accounting 
are  offered.  The  elementary  courses  are 
free  to  city  employes:  a  reduced  fee  for  the 
advanced  courses  is  charged. 


October  1,  1921]  C  H I C  AGO     C  O  M  M  E  RC  E  39 


THE  Edwards  &  Deutsch  Lithographing  Company 
has  now  passed  the  twenty-fifth  milestone  on  the 
broad  highway  of  business.  From  a  most  humble 
beginning,  with  little  more  capital  than  ambition  and 
a  desire  to  produce  lithography  of  character,  in 
conjunction  with  interested  personal  service,  we 
have  builded  bit  by  bit  until  two  modern  plants, 
thoroughly  equipped  in  every  respect,  manned  by  a 
splendidly  efficient,  loyal  organization,  stand  forth 
today,  monuments  of  the  good  will  of  patrons  who, 
encouraging  us  in  our  persistence  of  the  ideals 
mentioned,  found  the  satisfaction  of  lithography 
worthy  of  their  faith.  To  our  customers  who  have 
made  these  things  possible  we  express  our  deep, 
abiding  appreciation. 


Edwards  &  Deutsch  Lithographing  Company 

Color,  Commercial  and  Offset  Lithographers 
Chicago  —  Milwaukee 

Established  1896 


40 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


CONTRIBUTION 

to  and  from 

CHICAGO 


The  geographical  location  of  our  Great  City  of  Chicago,  the  world's 
greatest  Distributing  and  Marketing  Center,  enabled  us  to  conceive  the 
idea  of  founding  one  of  the  largest  and  most  modern  warehouses,  for 
the  storage  of  merchandise,  of  over  1  000  Carload  Capacity,  resulting  in 
the  establishment  of  a  successful  enterprise  now  serving  nationally 
known  firms,  from  coast  to  coast. 

Away  from  congestion,  where  we  can  handle  42  cars  at  one  time, 
where  freight  rates  in  transit  apply,  where  less  than  Carload  Shipments 
can  be  made  to  any  Trunk  Line,  without  the  expense  of  cartage,  where 
insurance  rates  are  as  low  as  1  4  cents,  where  local  deliveries  are  made 
by  reliable  Packard  trucks,  where  negotiable  warehouse  receipts  are 
issued,  recognized  by  any  bank. 

Let  us  become  acquainted 


Crooks  Terminal  Warehouses 


5801-5867 
W.  65th  Street 


In  the  Clearing  Industrial  District — the  Live  Spot 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


41 


Methods  of  Winning  and   Holding  Customers  Are 

Discussed  by  Homer  J.  Buckley 


Homer  J.  Buckley  discussed  "The  cash 
value  of  direct  mail  advertising,"  Tuesday 
noon,  at  the  meeting  of  the  direct  mail  and 
house  organ  departmental  of  the  Advertis- 
ing Council  in  the  Morrison  hotel. 

Mr.  Buckley  urged  a  large  representation 
of  Chicago  advertisers  at  the  coming  direct 
by  mail  convention  at  Springfield,  Mass., 
on  Oct.  25,  26  and  27.  The  convention,  he 
said,  will  be  of  immense  educational  value. 
The  hope  is  to  run  a  special  train  leaving 
Chicago  on  Sunday  evening,  Oct.  23,  ar- 
riving in  Springfield  the  next  evening. 

In  the  course  of  his  talk  on  the  "cash 
value  of  direct  mail  advertising,"  Mr. 
Buckley  said: 

"Direct  by  mail  advertising  is  without  a 
doubt  the  most  widely  abused  and  most 
grossly  misunderstood  of  all  forms  and 
phases  of  advertising.  I  say  that  advisedly, 
and  I  believe  you  will  agree  with  me  if 
you  will  stop  to  analyze  the  facts  as  I  will 
present  them  to  you. 

Tried   by   Amateurs 

"Direct  by  mail  advertising  is  the  only 
form  of  advertising  that  enables  the  ama- 
teur to  engage  in  it,  and  be  engaged  in  it 
to  his  heart's  content.  Eighty-seven  and 
one-half  per  cent  of  all  the  direct  by  mail 
advertising  that  is  produced  is  absolutely 
wasted.  Only  about  12}4  per  cent  of  all 
the  direct  by  mail  advertising  that  is  pro- 
duced in  this  country  is  worth  while  direct 
by  mail  advertising.  The  other  87J/2  per 
cent  is  produced  by  the  amateur. 

"Let  us  analyze  the  facts  that  enter  into 
this.  In  the  United  States  there  are  per- 
haps 150,000  manufacturers,  and  by  the 
wildest  stretch  of  the  imagination  not  more 
than  eighteen  to  twenty  thousand  of  those 
are  national  advertisers,  or  have  a  product 
that  has  potential  possibility  in  the  national 
advertising  field.  One  hundred  and  thirty- 
two  thousand  of  those  manufacturers  are 
of  the  small  type  whose  sales  aggregate 
from  $100,000  to  $500,000  or  $600,000,  or  a 
million  dollars  per  year. 

"They  have  no  advertising  manager,  they 
have  no  advertising  agency  connection  and 
their  advertising  is  handled  by  some  execu- 
tive who  handles  also  the  financial  and  the 
shipping  and  the  traffic  and  a  thousand  and 
one  other  problems  of  a  busy  executive. 
Consequently  he  at  his  spare  time  and  at 
spasmodic  periods  shoots  out  some  adver- 
tising, he  gets  out  a  series  of  letters,  he 
prints  a  catalog  or  gets  out  a  circular, 
and  he  calls  it  direct  by  mail  advertising. 

Depends  on  Imitation 

"He  does  not  know  why  he  does  it.  He 
just  does  it  because  somebody  else  is  dp- 
ing  it,  or  he  did  it  last  year.  He  calls  in 
the  printer  at  the  eleventh  hour  and  he 
hustles  the  printer  through  with  the  job 
and  away  it  goes.  He  does  not  know 
whether  it  pulls.  If  he  is  successful  in  his 
business  he  gives  the  credit  to  direct  mail 
advertising,  but  if  the  business  is  dependent 
upon  the  results  that  accrue  from  that  ad- 
vertising it  is  a  failure. 

"One  of  the  reasons  why  we  have  so 
many  people  who  criticize  direct  by  mail 
advertising  is  from  some  such  experience 
they  have  had  and  they  say,  'Oh,  yes,  we 
have  tried  it,  and  it  didn't  pay." 

"Let  me  get  this  thought  across  to  you, 
and  most  emphatically,  that  direct  by  mail 
advertising  is  a  highly  specialized  business,  a 
highly  specialized  business.  If  you  were  to 
ask  me  what  are  the  qualifications  necessary 
for  a  man  to  enter  the  direct  by  mail  ad- 
vertising business,  with  a  full  understanding 
to  be  rounded  out  in  his  experience  and  his 
training,  I  am  going  to  shock  you  in  telling 


you  what  those  experiences  are.  First  and 
foremost  among  those  I  would  say  a  man 
must  have  a  knowledge  of  costs,  accounting 
and  finance.  That  does  not  sound  quite 
natural  to  the  average  young  man  who  is 
entering  the  advertising  business,  and  yet  it 
is  tne  most  important  there  is. 

Knowledge  Is  Needed 

"Second,  a  man  must  have  a  knowledge 
of  marketing  and  merchandising.  How  many 
advertising  men  have  any  knowledge  of  the 
principles  of  mark  up  and  turnover?  Ask 
the  average  advertising  manager  to  define 
the  principles  of  mark  up  and  turnover,  and 
he  has  some  faint  recollection  of  the  old 
type  of  pancakes  his  mother  used  to  make 
for  breakfast — turnovers. 

"The  third  qualification  is  a  knowledge 
of  the  mechanics  of  advertising,  and  the 
fourth  is  the  ability  to  write  good  copy. 
Now  I  am  not  depreciating  good  copy  for  a 
minute,  but,  my  friends,  applications  come 
to  my  desk  month  after  month  from  young 
men  entering  the  advertising  business  and 
the  outstanding  qualification  for  each  one 
of  those  young  men  is  that  they  can  write 
good  copy  but  they  know  very  little  about 
the  fundamentals  of  business. 

"Direct  by  mail  advertising,  my  friends, 
is  the  pinch  hitter.  In  the  language  of  the 
baseball  man  when  three  men  are  on  base 
and  two  men  are  out,  what  do  you  need? 
You  need  a  pinch  hitter.  You  need  a  man 
to  call  to  the  bat  who  can  deliver  the  goods 
and  put  it  over. 

Boy  Studies  Letters 

"I  recall  with  a  good  deal  of  pleasure, 
looking  back  over  my  boyhood,  my  connec- 
tion with  Field's,  and  I  think  Mr.  Higin- 
bothan  was  one  of  the  greatest  credit  men 
that  ever  lived,  a  man  that  never  wrote  a  nasty 
collection  letter  to  an  account,  but  a  man 
who  would  always  counsel  with  his  client. 
I  can  pick  out  for  you  some  of  the  biggest 
department  stores  out  through  the  great  west 
today,  with  an  AA  rating  that  twenty-five 
years  ago,  when  I  was  a  boy,  around  that 
institution  there,  that  Mr.  Higinbothan  coun- 
selled with.  I  used  to  read  the  carbon  copies 
of  his  letters,  the  old  file  where  he  made  the 
copies.  I  put  them  through  the  book  and  I 
studied  that  man's  methods  of  writing  let- 
ters, how  he  would  counsel  with  them  and 
some  of  the  big  merchants  of  the  country 
today  are  big  merchants  because  their  mer- 
chandising ability  was  recognized  and  en- 
couraged by  Mr.  Higinbothan,  and  I  want 
to  say  to  you  right  here  that  if  there  is  any 
class  of  men  on  God's  green  earth  who  need 
a  lesson  in  the  value  of  the  sales  viewpoint, 
the  viewpoint  of  advertising  and  selling,  it 
is  the  credit  men  of  most  businesses. 

"Let  me  give  you  a  simple  rule  in  writing 
collection  letters.  Never  put  an  account  on 
the  defensive.  If  I  owed  you  money  and 
you  drove  me  hard  I  am  going  back  into  a 
corner  and  close  up  like  a  clam,  but  if  you 
will  write  me  a  letter  and  say  to  me,  'Buck- 
ley, you  seem  to  be  a  little  behind  in  your 
account.  Evidently  business  is  not  going 
very  well  with  you  at  this  time.  Do  you 
need  any  help?  Can  we  do  anything  to 
help  you  out  of  the  present  situation?' 

Door   for  Alibi    Open 

"You  are  leaving  the  door  wide  open  for 
me  for  an  alibi.  I  have  been  looking  for  an 
alibi  but  I  have  been  ashamed  to  tell  you 
and  you  have  made  it  possible  for  me  to 
give  you  an  alibi,  and  I  come  back  and  say, 
'I  am  sorry  that  I  can't  pay  that  account. 
Give  me  a  couple  more  months,  and  I  will 
appreciate  it.' 

"There  you  have  got  a  definite  acknowl- 


edgment of  an  open  account.  You  have  not 
obligated  yourself  to  give  me  the  two 
months  that  I  have  asked  for.  Then  you  can 
come  back  and  say,  'I  would  like  to  give 
you  two  months  to  pay  your  bill  but  can't 
you  pay  part  of  it?  Probably  we  can  string 
out  the  rest  of  it  for  two  months'  time.' 

"The  principle  point  about  writing  col- 
lection letters  of  the  right  kind  is  that  first 
you  get  a  definite  acknowledgment  of  the 
customer  that  the  account  is  not  subject  to 
claim  in  any  way,  and  then  you  have  opened 
up  a  point  of  contact.  You  have  at  least 
got  the  man  on  record.  You  have  shown  a 
fair  disposition  whereas  if  you  start  in  with 
one  of  those  nasty  collection  letters  it 
arouses  the  ire  of  the  customer  and  makes 
him  mad  and  you  won't  get  any  business 
there  any  more.  There  is  only  one  class 
of  people  that  fully  appreciate  the  value  of  a 
customer  and  that  is  the  mail  order  houses. 

Value  of  a  Customer 

"Now  just  one  more  word  and  I  will  close, 
the  value  of  a  customer.  Don't  forget, 
my  friends,  that  your  customers  are  your 
biggest  assets.  Don't  feel  too  secure  in  a 
customer.  You  can  serve  him  364  days  a 
year,  you  can  stand  on  your  head  to  please 
him,  you  can  go  out  of  your  way  a  thousand 
and  one  times  to  please  your  customer  and 
on  the  365th  day  some  doggoned  thing 
transpires  in  your  business,  some  little  pica- 
yune thing  will  transpire,  and  that  customer 
quits,  and  quits  cold.  Why?  They  haven't 
any  consideration  for  what  you  have  done 
for  them  in  the  364  days  previously,  but  they 
only  think  of  that  one  instance,  so  you  can't 
feel  secure  in  any  customer. 

"I  think  at  a  meeting  of  the  Chicago  As- 
sociation of  Commerce  not  long  ago  there 
was  a  major  in  charge  of  the  personnel  of 
the  Army  who  delivered  an  address,  and 
he  went  on  to  say  that  the  one  uncertain 
things  in  life  was  the  human  element.  There 
are  two  things  in  life  that  are  absolutely 
certain,  death  and  taxes.  Those  two  things 
in  life  we  are  absolutely  certain  of. 

The  Uncertain  Element 

"The  one  thing  in  life  we  are  absolutely 
uncertain  of  is  the  human  element  in  cus- 
tomers and  employes.  We  never  know 
when  we  have  got  them.  We  never  know 
how  long  they  are  going  to  be  with  us.  You 
think  you  have  got  that  employe  cinched 
with  you  for  life,  you  think  you  have  got 
that  customer  cinched  for  life,  because  you 
have  given  him  the  best  service  possible 
but  one  morning  you  wake  up  and  you  find 
your  customer  has  gone  to  somebody  else. 
That  is  particularly  true  in  the  advertising 
business,  the  agency  business  especially. 

"Now  the  average  business  man  does  not 
know  his  customers,  and  he  wants  to  watch 
them  and  if  any  customer  discontinues  for 
any  reason  whatever  and  you  do  not  hear 
from  him  he  is  one  of  the  75  per  cent  who 
quits  you  cold.  You  would  be  surprised  for 
what  little  reasons  they  quit,  for  the  most 
foolish  reasons  in  the  world  they  quit  buy- 
ing from  your  store  notwithstanding  all  the 
service  that  you  have  rendered  to  them,  and 
it  is  good-bye.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen,  I 
could  talk  to  you  a  long  time,  but  I  think  I 
have  talked  long  enough,  and  I  just  want 
to  say  that  with  the  proper  appreciation  of 
its  value  direct  by  mail  advertising  can  be 
made  to  pay  and  pay  big." 


COPPER  STOCKS 

Surplus  copper  stocks  in  the  United  States 
are  estimated  by  experts  of  the  geological 
survey  at  between  750.000,000  and  1,250,000,- 
000  pounds. 


42  CHICAGO     COMMERCE  [Saturday 


Telephones: 
Humboldt  902 
Humboldt  904 


Anderson  £&>  Lind 
Manufacturing  Co. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


cTVIillwork 


2127-39  Iowa  Street 

Chicago,  111. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


43 


Camel  Cartons  Cut  Tacking  Cost, 

Sefton  Fixed  it  So  No  Times  Loft 


In  this  field  we  serve: 

R.  J.  Reynolds  Company 
Liggett  &  Meyer  Tobacco  Co. 
Spaulding  &  Merrick 


Weyman-Brulon  Company 
Indepjndant  Snuff  Company 
P.  Lorrillard  Company,  Inc. 


Geo.  W.  Helm  Company 

We   make  folding  cartons    and  corrugated 
shipping  cases  for: 


These  scientifically  designed  cartons  save 
untold  millions  of  hand  operations  at  the 
Camel  Cigarette  Factory  every  year. 

Millions  of  these  Camel  cartons  made  and 
printed  by  Sefton  in  beautiful  colors 'and 
perfect  register  prove  the  ability  and  de- 
pendability of  Sefton  service. 

The  next  time  you  are  thinking  of  folding 
cartons  or  corrugated  shipping  cases,  there 
is  just  one  thing  to  do— 

Send  for 

SEFTON 

Sefton  Manufacturing  Corporation,  1301  W.  35ch  St.,  Chicago.          Also  Anderson,  Ind.,  and  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Meat  Products 
Coffee.Tea,  Spices,  Raisins 
Butter,  Ice  Cream,  Oyster* 
Metal  Ware 
Glass  Ware 
Rubber  Goods 
Confectionery 


Soaps,  Drugs 

Bottles 

Clothing 

Flowers 

Millinery 

Bread,  Cakes,  Pies,  Pastry 


// 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Great    Industries   Make   Chicago   Great 


{Continued  from  page  31) 

is  the  largest  steel  works  in  the  world. 
The  "South  works"  of  the  Illinois  Steel 
company,  at  South  Chicago,  is  the  second 
largest  steel  plant  in  the  United  States. 
Almost  20  per  cent  of  the  steel  output  of 
the  United  States  is  produced  in  the  Chi- 
cago district.  There  are  forty-six  furnaces 
in  the  Chicago  district,  with  an  annual  ca- 
pacity of  6,700,000  gross  tons  of  pig  iron. 
This  district  also  has  an  annual  capacity  of 
7,600,000  net  tons  of  rolled  steel  and  iron. 
The  plant  of  the  Indiana  Steel  company 
is  a  model.  Many  big  steel  plants  have 
been  developed  by  degrees,  but  in  this 
case  it  was  possible  to  lay  plans  for  a  com- 
plete steel  producing  plant,  perfect  in  every 
detail. 

Production   Cost   Less   Here 

The  fact  has  been  well  established  that 
steel  and  iron  can  be  produced  cheaper  in 
the  Chicago  district  than  at  any  other  point 
in  the  United  States.  Large  ore  carrying 
steamers  load  in  the  Lake  Superior  region 
and  unload  their  cargoes  in  bins  beside  the 
furnaces,  eliminating  a  rail  haul.  The 
steamers  and  the  docks  are  equipped  so 
that  the  ore  is  handled  at  a  minimum  of 
expense. 

The  steel  and  iron  district  is  along  the 
shore  at  the  head  of  Lake  Michigan,  begin- 
ning in  Chicago  and  running  across  the 
state  line  into  Indiana.  It  is  in  a  district 
that  was  formerly  nothing  but  sand  dunes. 
This  region  has  gone  through  a  remarkable 
transformation,  harbors  have  been  built  and 
much  land  has  been  made  in  order  that  the 
sites  can  be  made  to  fit  their  purposes  ex- 
actly. 

Experts  have  made  the  forecast  that  this 
district  will  ultimately  become  the  great- 
est steel  and  iron  producing  district  in  the 
country  and  that  it  is  destined  to  be  the 
point  from  which  the  needs  of  the  west  will 
be  supplied. 

Lumber  Great  Chicago  Industry 

Lumber  is  another  industry  in  which 
Chicago  has  won  leadership.  During  1920, 
2,418,133,475  feet  of  lumber  were  handled 
on  the  Chicago  market,  a  record  that  can- 
not be  approached  in  any  other  city  in  the 
world.  Of  this  amount,  1,459,958,475  feet 
were  consumed  in  Chicago,  958,175,000  feet 
being  shipped  to  other  points.  The  con- 
sumption of  lumber  in  Chicago  was  194,- 
244,820  greater  in  1920  than  during  1919. 

Lumber  handled  on  the  Chicago  market 
is  of  all  kinds,  including  expensive  vari- 
eties from  the  tropics.  It  is  estimated  that 
85  per  cent  of  the  lumber  on  this  market 
is  yellow  pine,  hardwood  and  stock  from 
the  Pacific  coast.  Years  ago  most  of  the 
lumber  that  came  to  Chicago  was  white 
pine  from  Michigan,  with  which  a  large 
part  of  the  older  portion  of  the  city  was 
built,  but  this  source  of  supply  has  been 
exhausted.  Whereas  the  great  bulk  of 
lumber  formerly  came  to  Chicago  by  wa- 
ter, practically  all  of  it  now  comes  by  rail. 

City's  Furniture  Business  Is  Vast 

A  large  part  of  the  lumber  consumed 
here  is  used  for  furniture,  for  which  Chi- 
cago is  the  greatest  manufacturing  and 
distributing  center  in  the  world.  Chicago's 
supremacy  in  the  furniture  field  has  been 
proved  by  a  survey  made  by  The  Chicago 
Association  of  Commerce.  This  survey 
showed  that  furniture  to  the  value  of  $73,- 
097,000  was  manufactured  in  Chicago  dur- 
ing ]920.  The  next  largest  manufacturing 
city  in  the  United  States  produced  furni- 
ture to  the  value  of  $40,000.000. 

The  survey  disclosed  that  Chicago  has 
315  factories  that  produce  furniture  of 


practically  every  kind  and  grade.  There 
are  eight  exhibition  buildings  where  fur- 
niture is  shown,  sales  running  between 
$250,000,000  and  $350,000,000  annually. 
There  are  672  retail  furniture  stores  and 
47  department  and  general  stores.  Sales  in 
these  stores  during  1920  are  estimated  at 
$67,773,980. 

An  estimate  of  the  amount  invested  in 
the  furniture  industry  in  Chicago  places 
the  figure  at  $32,272,000.  Upholstered  fur- 
niture is  the  largest  single  item  in  the  list, 
other  items  include  household  furnishings, 
fittings  for  offices,  churches,  schools,  etc. 
There  are  14,997  workers  in  Chicago's  fur- 
niture plants,  the  total  payroll  during  1920 
being  $22,472,000.  Of  the  employes  16.5 
per  cent  are  women.  These  factories  are 
all  non-union,  or  "open"  shops. 

Process  production  of  furniture  was 
practically  initiated  at  Chicago.  It  is 
claimed  that  costs  of  producing  furniture 
in  large  amounts  are  lower  in  Chicago  than 
elsewhere  because  of  the  methods  that  are 
in  use. 

First  in   Farm  Machinery  Making 

Manufacture  of  agricultural  machinery  is 
another  "city-making"  industry,  and  in  this 
both  lumber  and  metals  are  used  in  great 
quantities.  The  output  of  agricultural  ma- 
chinery in  Chicago  averages  more  than 
$90,000,000  in  value  annually,  or  a  yearly 
output  of  more  than  1,100,000  machines. 
These  plants  employ  over  18,000  workers. 
Production  of  twine  in  Chicago  for  use  in 
harvesting  machinery  amounts  to  110,000 
tons  annually.  Between  seven  and  eight 
complete  agricultural  machines  are  turned 
out  in  Chicago  for  every  minute  of  the 
working  day. 

Enormous  amounts  of  raw  materials  are 
consumed  at  the  plants  where  agricultural 
machinery  is  made.  The  second  largest 
lumber  yard  in  the  world  is  at  the  McCor- 
mick  plant  of  the  International  Harvester 
company.  In  this  yard  60,000,000  feet  of 
lumber  are  handled  annually.  The  same 
company  has  iron  mines  with  a  capacity  of 
1,300,000  tons  of  iron  ore  a  year.  Numer- 
ous large  plants  in  other  parts  of  the  United 
States,  where  agricultural  machinery  is 
manufactured,  as  well  as  in  Europe,  are 
controlled  in  Chicago. 

First  in  Making  Men's  Clothing 

In  the  manufacture  of  men's  clothing 
Chicago  has  no  equal.  The  largest  con- 
cern in  the  United  States  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  men's  clothing,  the  second  largest 
and  the  third,  are  all  in  Chicago.  These 
houses,  and  others,  turn  out  brands  of 
clothing  that  are  well  advertised  and  are 
known  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  as  well 
as  abroad.  Chicagoans  claim  the  credit  for 
developing  the  clothing  industry  out  of  the 
"sweatshop"  stage.  It  is  now  a  healthful, 
well-paid  industry,  as  far  as  the  workers 
are  concerned. 

Chicago  has  developed  remarkably  as  a 
printing  center  during  the  last  few  years. 
This  has  been  due  largely  to  the  great 
growth  of  the  mail  order  and  other  houses 
that  use  catalogues  in  large  quantities,  and 
also  to  the  operations  of  the  new  postal 
zoning  law,  under  which  postage  is  paid 
according  to  the  distance  which  a  periodical 
is  shipped.  Under  this  law  it  is  an  advan- 
tage to  the  publisher  to  have  his  printing 
plant  located  at  a  central  point,  as  the 
yearly  saving  on  postage  runs  into  large 
figures  as  the  haul  to  the  reader  is  short- 
ened. Several  well-known  eastern  publica- 
tions have  recently  arranged  to  have  their 
printing  done  in  Chicago,  while  others  are 
to  put  up  publishing  plants  here. 

Chicago's     leadership     as     a     distributing 


center  is  well  demonstrated  in  the  dry 
goods  market.  It  is  estimated  that  the 
three  leading  wholesale  dry  goods  houses 
in  Chicago  do  an  annual  business  that  runs 
over  $200,000,000  a  year.  One  of  these 
houses  is  the  heaviest  payer  of  import  du- 
ties of  any  concern  in  the  United  States. 
A  number  of  large  factories  are  controlled 
by  some  of  the  wholesale  establishments. 
In  addition  to  its  .distribution  of  meat 
products  Chicago  also  leads  in  the  grain 
market.  The  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  is 
known  as  the  world's  clearing  house  for 
grain.  About  400,000,000  bushels  of  grain 
are  received  annually  in  Chicago  and  are 
distributed  among  consumers  all  over  the 
world. 


ROTTERDAM  HARBOR 


The  port  authorities  at  Rotterdam  have 
commenced  an  important  job  toward  im- 
proving the  accommodation  for  grain-laden 
steamers  discharging  in  the  Maashaven. 
This  harbor  is  provided  with  three  rows  of 
mooring  posts,  the  grain  being  discharged 
by  means  of  floating  pneumatic  elevators, 
of  which  there  are  35  at  the  port,  each  hav- 
ing a  capacity  of  250-300  tons  per  hour,  into 
river  barges.  Owing  to  the  increased  size 
of  sea-going  steamers  and  that  the  cargoes 
are  now  usually  split  up  in  a  considerable 
number  of  small  parcels,  the  maneuvering 
with  all  kinds  of  craft,  and  especially  with 
the  large  grain  and  coal  elevators,  gradu- 
ally became  exceedingly  difficult. 

To  improve  the  position  the  port  author- 
ities have  now  made  a  start  with  the  re- 
moval of  the  center  line  of  mooring  posts, 
and  after  this  work  has  been  completed  the 
positions  of  the  two  remaining  lines  will  be 
adjusted.  In  addition  to  this  a  swinging 
berth,  where  ships'  compasses  can  be  ad- 
justed, will  be  constructed  at  the  mouth  of 
this  harbor. 

The  first  part  of  the  Waalhaven,  covering 
an  area  of  about  250  acres  and  having  a 
depth  of  about  32  feet,  is  now  practically 
completed.  The  whole  harbor  will  have  a 
surface  of.  about  750  acres. 

In  this  harbor  three  berths  have  now  been 
fitted  out  where  oil-fuel  bunkers  can  be 
loaded.  At  the  eastern  side  a  number  of 
narrow  piers  have  been  constructed  for  the 
berthing  of  steamers  with  general  cargo. 
On  the  west  bank  there  are  four  large  con- 
veyor bridges,  each  with  a  lifting  capacity 
of  10  tons,  to  be  used  exclusively  for  the 
handling  of  heavy  bulk  cargoes,  such  as 
coal  and  ore,  with  the  use  of  automatic 
grabs.  The  Coal  Trading  Association  is 
building  two  similar  structures.  At  the 
north  bank  eight  of  these  structures  of  eight 
tons  capacity  are  in  operation.  The  effi- 
ciency of  the  port  of  Rotterdam  is  largely 
due  in  the  fact  that  steamers  can  proceed 
direct  from  sea  to  their  berth  without  hav- 
ing to  pass  any  bridges  or  locks,  and  al- 
though the  port  is  situated  at  a  distance  of 
about  eighteen  miles  from  the  entrance  of 
the  river  steamers  are  usually  berthed  in 
about  two  to  two  and  a  half  hours  after 
arriving  at  the  river  entrance. 


SUNFLOWERS    FOR    SILAGE 


In  many  districts  of  Alberta,  Canada,  sun- 
flowers are  being  grown  for  silage  and 
astonishingly  large  crops  are  being  pro 
duced.  In  one  authentic  instance  34  tons 
to  the  acre  was  the  yield.  Farmers  are 
building  silos  and  silaging  sunflowers  and 
corn.  This,  of  course,  promotes  dairy  in- 
terests, which  are  active  and  profitable. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


45 


ISK  WAREHOUSES 
POLK  STKKET  TEHMIXAI,,  t»K XX SYIA'ANIA.  SYSTEM 


CHICAGO'S  BIG  DOWNTOWN  WAREHOUSE 

"AT  THE  EDGE  OF  THE  LOOP" 

A  PUBLIC  SERVICE  INSTITUTION 

OFFERING 

To  you  who  have  stocks  to  store  500,000  square  feet  of 
cleanly,  well-lighted  floor  space  under  one  roof  at  a 
downtown  location. 

COOPERATING 

With  you  in  storing  your  stocks  for  local  consumption  or 
making  from  them  prompt  rail  shipments  anywhere, 
carload  or  less-than-carload,  without  cartage  expense. 
Storage-in-transit  p  r  i  v  i  1  e  g  es  .  Negotiable  Warehouse 
Receipts  issued.  Current  Chicago  rates. 

CONSULTATIONS  INVITED 


'AT   THE   EDGE  OF  THE   LOOP1 


CHICAGO 


TELEPHONE  HARRISON  6350 


WILSON  V.    LITTLE,  SUPERINTENDENT 


46 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


How  Chicago  Business  Defied  the  Fire 


(Continued  form  page. 35) 

In  some  instances  the  fate  of  what  is 
today  a  large  plant  seemed  to  hang  in  the 
balance  for  a  time.  The  first  plant  put  up  in 
Chicago  by  Cyrus  H.  McCormick  stood  on 
the  north  bank  of  the  river,  east  of  Rush 
street.  This  plant  was  ruined.  The  day 
after  the  fire  Mr.  and  Mrs.  McCormick 
drove  to  the  wrecked  factory,  where  they 
saw  the  foreman  and  a  number  of  men. 

"Well,  Mr.  McCormick,"  said  the  fore- 
man, "shall  we  start  the  small  engine  and 
make  repairs,  or  shall  we  start  the  big  en- 
gine and  make  machines?" 

Mr.  McCormick  turned  to  his  wife  and 
asked,  "Which  shall  it  be?" 

"Build  again  at  once,"  said  Mrs.  McCor- 
mick. So  the  order  was  given  to  go  ahead. 

John  G.  Shedd's  Recollections 

John  G.  Shedd,  who  joined  Field,  Leiter  & 
Co.,  in  1873,  and  has  been  with  the  same 
house  ever  since,  furnished  a  number  of  in- 
teresting facts  regarding  the  days  immedi- 
ately after  the  fire  when  business  men  were 
getting  things  to  rights. 

"Messages  poured  in  from  all  parts  of  the 
world,"  said  Mr.  Shedd.  "The  senders  ex- 
pressed their  confidence  in  the  financial  and 
commercial  integrity  of  Chicago  and  busi- 
ness men  were  assured  that  their  credit  ar- 
rangements could  be  depended  upon.  New 
York  was  especially  generous,  and  so  was 
London. 

"Although  the  'I  will'  slogan  is  a  saying 
of  two  decades  later,  the  real  spirit  of 
Chicago  was  never  demonstrated  more  thor- 
oughly than  during  the  days  and  weeks  fol- 
lowing the  great  disaster.  Self  was  forgot- 
ten, and  Chicago's  welfare  was  first. 

"I  do  not  believe  the  history  of  the  world 
can  show  an  instance  of  a  greater  deter- 
mination by  a  large  body  of  citizens  to  re- 
pair physical  damage  and  to  recuperate 
from  financial  disaster. 

Field,  Leiter  Stock  Saved 

"It  is  probable  that  the  immediate  deter- 
mination of  Field,  Leiter  &  Co.  to  continue 
their  business  was  the  fact  that,  by  tremen- 
dous effort,  $583,409  worth  of  goods  had 
been  moved  to  places  of  safety  while  the 
fire  was  approaching.  In  addition,  the  firm 
had  $274,614  worth  of  goods  in  transit. 
This  meant  a  big  stock  of  goods  for  those 
days.  The  horses  and  wagons  were  all 
saved,  too.  The  books  and  cash  were  saved 
in  the  vaults.  The  building  at  State  and 
Washington  streets  was  completely  de- 
stroyed. This  building  housed  both  the 
wholesale  and  retail  departments  before  the 
fire.  When  the  ruins  had  cooled  enough  so 
that  an  examination  could  be  made  it  was 
found  that  the  books  were  safe  in  the  vaults. 
Some  of  the  currency  and  papers  had  been 
scorched,  but  the  great  bulk  of  the  firm's 
valuables  were  all  right. 

"As  I  recall  it,  the  car  barns  out  at  State 
and  Twentieth  streets  where  the  firm 
started  up  temporarily,  were  new.  Mr. 
Field  was  then  37  years  old  and  both  he 
and  Mr.  Leiter  showed  great  vigor  and 
energy.  The  car  barns  were  put  into  the 
best  possible  shape  for  temporary  use.  The 
floors  were  waxed  and  the  walls  were  white- 
washed. It  was  really  a  very  comfortable 
place,  but,  of  course,  it  was  crude  compared 
with  what  we  have  today. 

Business  in  Barn   Shows   Increase 

"We  were  much  interested  to  find  that 
instead  of  falling  off,  business  in  the  tem- 
porary quarters  showed  an  increase. 

"One  thing  that  helped   the  general  situ- 


ation was  that  the  banks  had  saved  their 
cash  and  books.  These  were  in  vaults  that 
withstood  the  fire. 

"I  remember  that  there  were  no  cars  on 
Wabash  avenue  then,  but  there  were  busses, 
which  were  known  as  Broadway  stages. 
These  ran  frequently.  There  was  another 
line  of  busses  that  ran  from  State  and  Madi- 
son streets  to  the  Burlington  station  across 
the  river  to  the  west." 

Mr.  Letter's  Letter  to  J.  N.  Field 

Business  men  will  find  much  to  interest 
them  in  the  following  extracts  from  a  letter 
written  Dec.  28,  1871,  by  Levi  Leiter  to 
J.  N.  Field,  resident  partner  of  the  firm 
in  England: 

Chicago,   December   28th,   1871. 
J.  N.  Field,  Esq., 
Manchester,    England. 
My  dear  Sir: 

Presuming  that  it  would  be  a  matter 
of  interest  to  you  to  know  the  actual  con- 
dition in  which  the  fire  left  us,  I  enclose 
you  herewith  a  statement  made  up  from 
a  balance  sheet  taken  from  our  books  im- 
mediately after  the  fire.  You  will  see  that 
we  have  left  a  very  handsome  capital  to 
continue  our  business.  This  does  not  in- 
clude the  personal  property  of  either  of 
the  partners  outside  of  the  business. 
Marshall,  you  know,  has  considerable. 
Our  indebtedness  may  look  large  to  you 
at  the  time  of  the  fire,  but  you  must  re- 
member that  it  occurred  in  the  rqjdst  of 
our  largest  fall  sales;  the  sales  dr  Sep- 
tember being  larger  than  our  entire  in- 
debtedness. 

The  prospects  for  our  jobbing  trade  in 
the  spring  are  very  good.  The  store  we 
are  building  for  the  wholesale,  corner 
Madison  and  Market,  will  give  us  very 
good  quarters,  much  better  for  jobbing 
purposes  than  before.  For  our  retail  we 
have  no  plan,  except  to  remain  in  the 
present  quarters  for  at  least  a  year.  If  a 
store  were  erected  upon  our  old  quarters 
or  near  it,  it  would  be  of  little  or  no 
value  for  occupancy  for  the  coming  year. 
The  debris  from  the  burned  buildings  is 
so  great  that  that  it  would  prevent  access 
of  people  and  the  dust  arising  from  it 
would  destroy  a  stock  of  goods. 

Palmer  sold  the  corner  on  which  our 
old  store  stood  some  days  ago  for  $350,000. 
There  was  160  ft.  making  the  price  about 
$2100  per  ft.  Where  we  will  finally  locate 
the  retail  department  it  is  impossible  now 
to  tell.  It  is  not  at  all  probable  that  we 
shall  again  get  the  two  together.  It 
would  be  impossible  to  get  insurance. 

There  will  be  many  buildings  erected 
the  coming  year  and  in  the  course  of  4  or 
5  years  Chicago  will  again  resume  the  look 
she  had  previous  to  the  fire. 

Yours  very  truly, 

(Signed)     Levi  Leiter. 

There  are  many  who  remember  that  ster- 
eoscopic views  were  popular  years  ago. 
They  took  the  place  of  the  movies  of  today 
and  there  were  numerous  views  in  almost 
every  home.  The  fact  that  views  of  the 
burned  area  of  Chicago  were  in  demand  for  , 
this  purpose  caused  many  pictures  to  be 
taken  that,  otherwise,  probably  would  not 
be  in  existence  today.  Some  of  these  are  in 
possession  of  the  Chicago  Historical  society. 
In  the  office  of  Marshall  Field  &  Co.  there 
is  a  view  of  the  old  building  occupied  by  the 
firm  that  was  burned.  Another  view  shows 
the  ruins  of  the  building,  with  the  following 
sign  nailed  to  a  post: 

Cash  boys  and  work  girls  will  be 

paid  what  is  due  them  Monday  9  a.  m. 

Oct.  16th,  at  60  Calumet  avenue. 

FIELD,  LEITER  &  CO. 


The  address  given  was  the  home  of  Mr. 
Leiter. 

Other  views  that  are  carefully  preserved 
show  what  Slabtown  looked  like  and  picture 
the  desolation  of  the  business  district  and 
the  North  side  before  the  temporary  frame 
structures  were  put  up. 

Orson   Smith  Talks  of   Banks 

Some  of  the  trials  of  bankers  during  the 
fire  period  were  recalled  by  Orson  Smith, 
director  of  the  Merchants  Loan  &  Trust 
bank,  who  said: 

"At  the  time  of  the  fire  I  was  cashier  of 
the  Corn  Exchange  National  bank,  which 
was  then  on  the  ground  floor  of  the  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce  building,  at  LaSalle  and 
Washington  streets.  This  building  was  de- 
stroyed in  the  night  and  all  the  stationery 
and  everything  else  that  was  not  in  the 
vaults  was  burned.  Our  vaults  stood  the 
test  very  well,  the  cash  and  securities  being 
saved.  This  was  also  true  of  the  other 
banks. 

"Two  days  after  the  fire,  I  think  it  was, 
our  vault  was  cooled  down  sufficiently  so 
that  it  could  be  opened.  We  opened  up 
temporarily  for  business  in  the  home  of 
B.  P.  Hutchinson  in  Wabash  avenue,  near 
Peck  court.  After  being  there  for  a  time 
we  went  to  the  Lind  block,  just  east  of  the 
Randolph  street  bridge.  This  was  one  of 
the  very  few  structures  that  was  not  de- 
stroyed. We  kept  our  securities  in  the 
vaults  of  John  J.  Mitchell's  bank  on  Ran- 
dolph street. 

Banks  Are  Widely  Scattered 

"The  banks  were  scattered  around  in  all 
sorts  of  places  after  the  fire,  but  they  were 
open  and  kept  business  going.  Some  of 
them  went  to  the  west  side  and  some  to  the 
south,  wherever  they  could  find  temporary 
quarters.  The  clearing  house  was  opened 
three  or  four  days  after  the  fire  down  at 
Michigan  avenue  and  13th  street,  I  believe. 
It  was  a  hard  job,  but  the  clearings  were 
made  and  the  bankers  got  through  with  it 
all  right.  There  were  very  few  banks  out- 
side of  what  is  now  the  loop  district  in 
those  days,  and  they  were  small.  There  was 
nothing  like  the  number  of  outlying  banks 
we  have  today.  The  bankers  simply  had  to 
get  along  the  best  they  could.  They  had 
any  kind  of  a  sign  they  could  secure  and  did 
their  best  with  whatever  kind  of  fittings 
they  could  get  together.  The  Merchants' 
Loan  &  Trust  company  went  to  404  Wa- 
bash avenue.  As  I  recall  it,  this  was  the 
home  of  Solomon  Smith." 

To  refresh  his  memory,  Mr.  Smith  pro- 
duced a  copy  of  the  "fire  edition"  of  Ed- 
ward's Chicago  directory.  This  book  gave 
the  address  of  the  First  National  bank  at 
the  corner  of  State  and  Washington  streets. 
For  a  time  the  First  National  was  in  the 
Burlington  warehouse  at  State  and  Sixteenth 
streets.  Mr.  Smith  commented  on  the  fact 
that  there  are  comparatively  few  banks  in 
Chicago  today  that  are  doing  business  under 
the  name  they  used  at  the  time  of  the  fire. 
There  were  quite  a  number  of  banks,  but 
the  names  of  most  of  them  sound  strange 
to  those  who  were  not  familiar  with  con- 
ditions at  the  time  of  the  fire. 

The  banks  did  not  all  escape  without 
serious  loss.  In  a  few  cases  the  books  were 
destroyed  and  it  was  necessary  for  the  bank- 
ers to  ask  their  customers  to  tell  them  the 
amounts  of  their  balances.  They  overcame 
this  handicap,  however,  and  went  on.  Chil- 
dren of  some  of  the  bankers  of  '71  tell  of 
seeing  hunks  of  metal  at  their  homes  which 
their  fathers  told  them  were  made  of  gold 
and  silver  coins  that  had  been  fused  in  the 
heat  and  had  run  together. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


DR.  EATON  DISCUSSES 

"THE  WAGE  PROBLEM" 

(Continued  from  page  23) 

was  borrowed  to  spend,  we  spent  it  with  our 
eyes  shut. 

"Then  came  peace,  which  seemed  to  be 
more  disastrous  than  war,  and  we  had  to 
clean  up  a  most  horrible  mess.  That  was 
the  condition  that  confronted  and  still  con- 
fronts the  world.  It  takes  much  courage, 
much  resources,  much  vision,  to  dig  away 
the  rubbish  of  that  terrific  conflict  and  re- 
build a  shattered  world,  but  that  is  our 
job  now. 

Worker  Must  Have  Surplus 

"Now,  gentlemen,  as  prices  and  profits 
began  to  go  down,  the  question  of  wages 
assumed  a  new  importance,  and  it  was  self- 
evident  to  every  thinking  man  that  wages 
must  go  down.  Then  Mr.  Gompers  imme- 
diately appears  on  the  scene  and  announces 
that  when  wages  were  going  up  to  meet 
the  cost  of  living  that  was  sound  economics, 
but  when  wages  are  go.ng  down  to  meet 
the  cost  of  living  that  is  not  good  economics. 

"It  seems  on  the  surface  absurd,  ana  yet 
I,  for  one,  am  inclined  to  agree  with  Mr. 
Gompers,  for  this  reason,  that  if  you  fix  the 
level  of  wages  identical  always  with  the 
cost  of  living  for  the  worker,  you  leave  him 
without  any  surplus  whatever,  without  any 
sea  room,  without  any  opportunity  for  the 
expression  of  his  human  qualities,  and  in 
due  time  you  create  a  festering  sore  in  his 
spirit  which  will  reduce  the  productive  pow- 
ers, which  will  organize  him  into  antagon- 
istic camps,  which  will  conduce  to  violence 
and  disturbance  and  agitation  and  which 
eventually  will  put  us  way  behind  in  the 
procession  of  life.  So  I  say  to  you  as  my 
conviction  that  the  wage  question  is  the  big- 
gest question  we  have  to  confront  and  it  is 
just  as  important  for  you  men  to  take  a 
hand  in  it  as  it  is  for  the  working  man 
himself. 

No  Room  for  Antagonism 

"One  of  the  tragedies  of  our  life  is  that 
hitherto  we  have  left  the  working  man  to 
his  own  devices.  He  has  had  to  organize 
his  own  fighting  machine,  he  has  had  to 
develop  his  own  leadership,  he  has  had  to 
build  up  his  own  platform  and  in  every  case 
his  machine  and  his  leadership  and  his  plat- 
form have  been  deposited  upon  an  antagon- 
ism to  the  interests  of  the  employer.  I  say 
that  that  is  fundamentally  false,  but  no  em- 
ployer can  successfully  go  on  if  his  employes 
do  not  share  in  his  prosperity  and  no  em- 
ploye can  be  successful  if  his  employer  does 
not  share  in  his  prosperity.  We  are  all  in 
the  same  boat.  That  is  the  new  thing  that 
is  appearing  in  this  country  at  the  present 
time. 

"Take,  for  instance,  this  building  proposi- 
tion. I  am  not  an  expert  in  that  subject, 
but  reading  statements  of  builders,  bankers 
and  others  over  the  country,  I  have  figured 
that  we  are  about  five  billions  below  normal 
in  the  building  construction  of  this  country. 
I  don't  know  whether  that  is  a  fair  figure 
or  not,  but  it  will  do  to  argue  on.  We  can't 
build  because  the  building  trades  on  the 
one  hand  and  the  contractors  and  material 
dealers  on  the  other  have  been  away  up  in 
the  sky,  and  Chicago  has  led  the  nation  in 
solving  that  problem. 

Its  Importance  to  America 

"Now,  gentlemen,  I  want  to  show  you  in 
a  few  simple  words  the  fundamental  and 
supreme  importance  of  th:s  whole  propo- 
sition to  America  as  a  whole.  What  is 
progress?  I  conceive  progress  to  be  the 
participation  of  more  and  more  people  in 
more  and  more  of  the  good  things  of  life. 
When  you  widen  the  political  fabric  so  that 
more  people  participate  in  the  wealth  of  the 
community  you  have  made  economic 


Printing  Excellence 

Lillian  Russell  the  famous  stage  beauty, 
said  that  some  actresses  have  difficulty 
living  up  to  their  lithographs.  At  Bur- 
nett's the  constant  aim  is  to  measure 
up  to  matchless  slogans. 

Day  by  day  buyers  of  fine  printing  are 
heeding  the  suggestion  of  Burnett  that 
they  "Shop  for  Excellence." 

That  done,  their  order  placed  and  the 
work  delivered— then  they  realize  the 
full  meaning  of  the  widely  aired  slogan, 
"to  do  best  what  many  do  well." 

Take  the  first  step  in  the  direction  of 
printing  excellence  by  telephoning 
Harrison  6591. 


CO 

"the  Mark  of  a  Printer" 

MarionS  Burnett  Company 

fer5 -Designers -Engravers 
>b3i  Federal  Street- Chicago 


This  Advertisement  Set  in  our  own  Type  Room 


48 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


BENSON 

MUSIC  AND  ENTERTAINMENT  IN  ALL  BRANCHES 


BANDS 


ORCHESTRAS 


ENTERTAINERS 
NOVELTY  FEATURES 


ATHLETIC  ATTRACTIONS 


iiiiuuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiNiiiiiniiitiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiHiunuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiii iNiiiiiinn iiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:: 


Call  up  Randolph  6181  and  ask  for 


BENSON 

Twelfth  Floor,         Garrick  Building 
64  W.  Randolph  St.,  Chicago 


[Saturday 

progress.  When  you  widen  the  franchise 
so  as  to  take  in  the  women  I  think  you 
have  made  political  progress.  When  you 
widen  the  opportunities  for  the  children  so 
that  every  one  of  them  can  get  an  educa- 
tion you  have  made  intellectual  progress. 
When  you  have  opened  the  door  of  the 
church  to  every  individual  and  protected  the 
religion  that  will  help  them  into  their 
spiritual  temple  you  have  made  spiritual 
progress.  Progress  is  the  complete  par- 
ticipation of  more  and  more  people  in  more 
and  more  of  the  good  things  of  life,  so  that 
if  we  are  going  to  have  a  real  progressive 
country  and  world  you  can't  have  it  by 
making  a  few  people  very  rich  and  leaving 
all  the  rest  of  the  people  very  poor. 

"You  have  to  have  communities  where 
people  own  their  own  houses,  where  they 
have  income  enough  to  educate  their  chil- 
dren and  take  care  of  them  when  they  are 
sick.  I  tell  you  that  the  finest  social  insur- 
ance in  the  world  is  a  high  wage  well 
earned.  There  is  no  doubt  in  the  world 
about  that.  It  is  the  most  economic  thing 
in  the  world.  Consequently  our  problem 
today  in  addition  to  bringing  things  down 
to  a  normal  level  is  to  see  to  it  that  we  do 
not  reduce  the  forty  millions  of  people  en- 
gaged in  gainful  occupations  below  where 
they  can  satisfy  the  higher  needs  of  their 
being. 

Never  to  Pre-War  Level 

"Now  that  is  there,  gentlemen,  and  if  you 
shut  your  eyes  to  it  you  will  have  your  eyes 
opened  with  a  rude  shock  a  little  later  on. 
You  will  never  see  wages  go  down  as  low 
as  they  were  before  the  war  without  a  ter- 
rific struggle,  and  I  hope  they  never  will 
go  that  low.  I  believe  it  is  possible  to 
have  a  high  level  of  wages  and  a  wide  dis- 
tribution of  wealth  through  the  productive 
capacity  of  men.  That  being  so,  how  shall 
we  achieve  it? 

"First,  by  giving  us  a  high  class  laborer. 
If  wages  are  paid  out  of  production  you 
have  to  have  an  efficient  and  proficient 
workman  and  that  man  has  to  be  educated 
in  his  mechanical  craft,  he  has  to  be  a  good 
mechanic,  and  -then  when  you  have  got  a 
good  mechanic  you  have  got  to  have  a  good 
loyal  worker.  You  have  got  to  learn  that 
a  man  is  much  more  than  a  machine.  He 
has  motives,  he  has  ideals,  he  has  a  con- 
science, he  has  loyalty  and  you  have  to 
educate  that  man  in  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciples of  the  business  in  which  he  is  en- 
gaged. 

Must  Teach  the  Worker 

"You  have  to  teach  him  about  your  end 
of  it,  about  the  place  that  capital  occupies, 
about  the  place  that  management  occupies. 
He  does  not  know  and  he  ought  to  be 
taught  that  today  the  men  that  are  sweat- 
ing blood  are  not  even  the  unemployed 
workers,  but  they  are  the  men  who  are 
responsible  for  the  success  or  failure  of 
business.  They  are  the  fellows  whose  necks 
are  under  the  yoke. 

"But  these  workers  don't  know  that. 
Nobody  has  told  them  You  are  looked 
upon  as  oppressors  You  have  to  educate 
them  in  all  the  laws  of  economics,  educate 
them  in  their  duty,  educate  them  in  their 
relationships  to  society,  for  wages  is  simply 
what  society  is  willing  to  pay  a  man  for 
service  rendered,  and  profit  is  simply  what 
society  is  willing  to  pay  you  for  the  service 
you  render  in  your  building  or  in  your  fac- 
tory and  if  we  don't  render  the  service  we 
can't  run  the  business  that  is  the  basis  of 
our  income 

Must  Educate  Management 

"Then  the  management  needs  education  I 
am  confident  that  a  good  deal  of  our  labor 
trouble  is  due  to  the  failure  of  management 
to  be  efficient  and  proficient  When  we  have 
got  educated  workers,  educated  manage- 
ment and  plenty  of  money,  then  we  have 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


got  a  chance  to  have  a  wage  level  that  will 
give  men  an  opportunity  to  associate  them- 
selves with  the  economic  structure  of  the 
nation 

"I  am  not  sure  that  the  wage  system  will 
last  I  can  see  only  one  direction  now  in 
which  a  modification  of  the  wage  system 
is  possible,  and  that  is  by  making  the  wage 
earner  so  proficient,  by  giving  him  such 
leadership,  by  giving  him  such  an  abundance 
of  capital  back  of  him  that  he  will  have  a 
surplus,  and  then  when  he  has  his  surplus 
not  leave  him  to  throw  it  away,  but  that 
these  men  shall  be  furnished  the  best  serv- 
ice that  the  best  bankers  in  this  nation  can 
give  them,  and  bring  these  working  men 
into  the  banks,  not  to  talk  to  some  clerk,  but 
to  talk  to  the  president  and  the  cashier,  the 
big  men  of  the  bank 

Is  a  Problem  of  Progress 

"Now,  to  sum  up,  the  wage  problem  is 
a  problem  of  progress,  not  of  reaction  It 
is  the  most  hopeful  feature  we  have  in  our 
life.  Don't  be  afraid  of  it.  Think  in  terms 
of  the  nation  and  of  the  nations.  Think  in 
terms  of  the  other  fellow.  We  have  to  get 
together.  The  old  leadership,  the  old  policy, 
the  old  strife  has  played  out,  and  a  new  deal 
all  around  is  the  thing  we  have  to  have. 
We  can  have  that  if  we  will  get  together 
on  a  broad,  big  national  and  international 
basis,  on  a  basis  of  justice,  of  candor,  of 
truth  telling  and  of  mutual  brotherhood  in 
the  citizens  of  this  great  land. 

"Then  I  believe  that  when  the  working 
people  of  the  nation  under  your  leadership 
and  with  capital  and  surplus,  I  believe  that 
if  you  can  induce  them  by  education  to  in- 
vest that  surplus  back  into  the  economic 
structure  of  the  nation  you  have  hitched 
them  just  as  you  are  hitched  by  interest  and 
l)y  intelligent  co-operation  to  the  funda- 
mental heart  of  the  society  of  which  they 
form  a  part. 

"So  I  say  to  you  men  today,  with  all 
your  difficulties,  with  all  your  tasks,  with 
all  your  anxieties,  we  are  living  in  an  age  of 
tremendous  hope  and  tremendous  promise 
and  these  very  problems  are  indications  that 
the  old  death  mask  is  breaking  off  of  the 
face  of  mankind,  the  new  day  is  coming. 
Lift  up  your  eyes  to  it,  believe  in  it,  believe 
in  yourselves,  believe  in  the  other  fellow, 
believe  in  your  nation,  believe  in  the  pur- 
pose of  God  for  mankind,  and  make  your 
task,  whatever  it  is,  a  sacrament  and  a  serv- 
ice, and  you  will  find  life  more  and  more 
worth  while  as  you  go  along." 


COMMITTEE  MEETINGS 


Committee  meetings  have  been  called  as 
follows  for  the  week,  Thursday,  Sept.  22, 
to  Thursday,  Sept.  29: 


Thursday: 


Advertising     Council,     Morrison 


V.IUU3          I.U11111111  ICC  ,  OC11H- V-tll  LtHIIllJl  1,111111111  I 

Subdivision   No.   28   (Iron,    steel   and   brass). 

Friday:  Executive  committee;  Freight  Traffic 
committee;  Illinois  committee,  trip  to  Jpliet; 
Chicago  Safety  Council,  Educational  committee; 
Chicago  Safety  Council,  Publicity  committee; 
Government  Purchasing  committee. 

Monday:  Semi-Centennial  Cast  committee:  Life 
Insurance  Section  Committee  of  Subdivision  No. 
27  (Insurance) ;  Chicago  Safety  Council,  joint 
meeting  of  Highway  Safety,  Police  and  Traffic, 
Motor  Drivers  Safety  Course,  Statistics  commit- 
tee and  Committee  at  Large. 

Tuesday:  Advertising  Council.  Direct  Mail 
and  House  Organ  Departmental,  Homer  J.  Buck- 
ley speaker;  Membership  committee;  Presidents' 
Council,  Civic  Industrial  committee;  Restaurant, 
Lunchroom  and  Cafeteria  men. 

Wednesday:  Ways  and  Means  luncheon,  La- 
Salle,  speaker.  Dr.  Charles  A.  Eaton,  subject, 
"The  Wage  Problem" ;  Committee  on  Water- 
ways; Chicago  Safety  Council,  Publicity  com- 
mittee; Committee  on  Waterways. 

Thursday:      Semi-Centennial    committee. 


Chicago's  Triumph 

New  dancing,  dining  and  diversion 
temple  soon  to  grace  Chicago 

FANTASIA  is  to  be  a  palatial  edifice  locat- 
ed at  64th  Street  and  Cottage  Grove  Ave., 
fully  measuring  up  to  the  high  standard  of 
Chicago's  new  improvements.       It  recognizes 
and  will  provide  for  the  commendable  craving 
for  high  grade  dancing  and  amusement  within 
the  reach  of  Chicago's  pleasure  loving  people. 
Every  single  feature  that  will  enhance   one's   evening 
entertainment  will  be  offered  without  stint. 

Being  soundly  financed,  Fantasia  will  be  the  crowning 
glory  of  Chicago's  social  life.  Directed  and  sponsored 
by  some  of  Chicago's  leading  business  men  and  amuse- 
ment magnates,  the  future  of  Fantasia  is  assured,  both 
as  a  financial  investment  and  as  an  amusement  center 
above  reproach.  Send  for  our  latest  Souvenir  Booklet. 

FANTASIA  CORPORATION 

1104  Kimball  Building,  25  East  Jackson  Boul. 

PHONE  .    .  ftlTr1  A/T»  PHONE 

HAR.    5379  \+S3U\*A\jnJ  HAR.    5492 

FANTASIA 


**^^ 

.- .-z«LataiV  V    > 

,.J.^-:\\ ^ 

1 


50 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


"CHICAGO- 

Yesterday,  Today,  Tomorrow5 


Semi-Centennial  of 
the    Chicago    Fire 


The  Chicago  Association  of  Com- 
merce has  published  an  unique  book 
of  256  pages,  entitled 

"CHICAGO— 

Yesterday,  Today,  Tomorrow" 

It  contains  50  unusual  pictures 
and  maps,  also  a  brief  history  of  Chi- 
cago, with  program  of  development 
for  the  future  quarter  or  half  century. 

Every     Chicagoan 
Will   Want   a   Copy 

The  following  are  some  of  the  topics  treated: 
"Chicago  Plan,"  "Zoning,"  "Chicago's  Need  of  a 
Program  of  Religion,"  "Chicago  and  the  Arts," 
"Education,"  "Waterways  and  Harbors,"  "Com- 
merce and  Industry,"  "Women  and  the  New 
Chicago,"  "Drainage,"  "Aviation,"  "Banking," 
"Industrial  Relations,"  "Government,"  "Sub- 
ways," "Social  Welfare,"  "New  Industries," 
"Postal  Service,"  "Public  Library,"  etc. 

(PLEASE  TEAR  OFF  AND  MAIL) 

CHICAGO  ASSOCIATION  OF  COMMERCE 
10  South  LaSalle  Street,  Chicago 

Please  send copies  Preliminary  Edition,  "CHICAGO — 

YESTERDAY,  TODAY,  TOMORROW,"  at  50c  each. 


Name. 


Individual 

Address 

Check  Enclosed,  $   . 


[Saturday 

RIVER  DEVELOPMENT 

COLOMBIA'S  BIG  NEED 


The  greatest  need  of  Colombia  at  the 
present  time  is  the  development  of  the 
Magdalena  river,  according  to  Richard 
Balzac,  of  New  York,  who  has  just  returned 
after  five  months  spent  in  Colombia.  In 
a  statement  in  the  New  York  Journal  of 
Commerce  Mr.  Balzac  says:  "At  present 
it  takes  all  the  way  from  seven  to  twelve 
days  or  more  to  get  from  Barranquilla  to 
La  Dorada,  the  terminal  of  the  lower  Mag- 
dalena, while  with  the  river  kept  in  proper 
shape,  free  from  trees  and  sand  bars,  the 
trip  could  easily  be  made  in  three  to  four 
days  going  up  and.  two  to  two  and  a  half 
days  coming  down.  Most  every  merchant 
of  influence  in  Antioquia  and  Bogota  realize 
that  no  real  progress  can  come  to  the  coun- 
try till  the  river  is  made  to  serve  its  full 
purpose  and  all  seem  bent  to  have  the 
Government  promptly  tackle  the  job." 

Of  the  coffee  outlook  in  Colombia,  Mr. 
Balzac  states: 

"The  coffee  crop  in  the  Medellm  district 
is  over  and  not  until  the  next  yield,  which 
gets  to  outside  markets  by  March  and 
April,  are  we  to  expect  large  receipts,  as 
the  coffee  has  been  shipped  out  faster  than 
ordinarily,  due  to  financial  reasons.  The 
unusual  very  heavy  rains  during  April, 
May,  June  dfd  much  harm  to  the  flowering 
of  the  coming  crop,  a  good  many  flowers 
dropping  to  the  ground  before  maturing, 
and  in  consequence  the  outturn  is  estimate* 
at  fro-n  80,000  to  100.000  bags  smaller  than 
last  year.  It  is  possible,  however,  that  the 
number  of  new  plantations  coming  into- 
production  now  may  somewhat  offset  the 
estimated  shortage.  In  the  Manizales  dis- 
trict the  crop  came  a  little  later  than  in 
Medellin  and  this  year  had  proven  to  be 
quite  abundant." 

Speaking  of  petroleum  in  Colombia,  he 
says: 

"The  industry  is  attracting  a  great  deal 
of  attention.  The  Standard  Oil  recently 
bought  out  the  concessions  of  the  Tropical 
Oil  Company  and  everywhere  along  the 
river  between  Calamar  and  Barranca  Ber- 
meja  (Red  Bank)  is  manifested  the  power 
behind  this  organization  in  the  way  of  pipe 
lines,  pumps,  material  to  build  boats,  steel 
tanks  etc.  The  wells  now  being  worked 
on  or  about  twenty-five  miles  from  Bermeja 
on  the  Magdalena,  a  town  that  bids  fair  to- 
become  the  show  place  on  the  river. 

"The  marshes  all  around  have  already 
been  filled  with  petroleum,  but  as  this  was 
not  sufficient  protection  against  the  deadly 
mosquitoes  all  the  houses  are  built  high  up 
from  the  ground  with  wide  verandas  pro- 
tected with  wire  netting.  Hardly  a  boat 
reaches  Colombia  from  the  States  that  does 
not  bring  with  it  a  few  husky  young  men, 
mostly  boys  from  the  West  that  were  'over 
there,"  each  of  whom  expects  to  own  his  own 
oil  well  before  long  and  is  an  advance  agent 
of  Uncle  Sam  to  Colombia." 


BRITISH  RAILWAY  DEFICIT 


The  latest  statement  of  the  British  Min- 
istry of  Transport  on  the  result  of  railway 
operation  under  government  guarantee 
shows  that  in  June  the  net  shortage  repre- 
sented by  the  government  liability  was 
£9.880,000.  For  April  and  May  together 
it  was  £18,638.400,  the  total  for  the  three 
months  thus  being  £28,518,400.  Freight 
traffic  alone  yielded  £18.881,400  in  the 
three  months,  as  compared  with  £33.321,- 
700  for  the  corresponding  three  months  in 
1920. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


51 


ENGLAND  MUST  IMPORT 

MOST  OF  OIL  IT  USES 


During  1920  Great  Britain  imported  3,- 
368,600  tons  of  oil  (motor  spirit,  kerosene, 
fuel  oil,  lubricants,  etc.),  valued  at  £67,- 
000,000.  Of  these  imports  61  per  cent  in 
quantity  and  68  per  cent  in  value  came  from 
the  United  States,  37  per  cent  in  quantity 
and  30  per  cent  in  value  from  other  foreign 
countries,  and  2  per  cent  in  quantity  and 
value  from  British  possessions.  The  con- 
sumption of  Great  Britain  per  head  repre- 
sents approximately  one-sixth  of  that  in  the 
United  States  but  notwithstanding  the  dis- 
proportionate use  of  oil  in  the  United  King- 
dom and  the  United  States,  the  require- 
ments are  enormous,  and  the  British  Isles 
are  almost  entirely  dependent  on  foreign 
countries  for  their  supplies,  which  are  pur- 
chased at  high  prices. 

The  annual  production  of  oil  in  the 
United  Kingdom  amounts  to  approximately 
170,000  tons.  To  secure  165,000  tons  from 
the  Scotch  shale  fields  it  is  necessary  to 
mine  3,000,000  tons  of  shale,  entailing  the 
employment  of  approximately  10,000  men. 
In  Canada  the  annual  production  amounts  to 
about  34,000  tons.  The  partially  exploited 
fields  in  the  Northwest  Territories  are 
arousing  widespread  interest  and  have  al- 
ready occasioned  restrictive  legislation  by 
the  Canadian  government,  but,  due  to  the 
difficulties  of  transport  and  to  the  remote- 
ness of  these  supplies,  this  exploitation  has 
not  to  date  materially  altered  the  Canadian 
oil  situation. 

In  South  Africa,  Australia,  New  Zealand 
and  Newfoundland  the  production  of  oil  is 
negligible.  Shale  is  being  worked  on  a 
small  scale  in  Australia,  and  small  quanti- 
ties of  oil  are  being  produced  in  New  Zea- 
land. India  has  an  annual  production  of 
1,200.000  tons  of  oil,  but  this  amount  is  in- 
sufficient to  meet  the  country's  needs. 
Large  quantities  of  oil  are  imported  into 
India  from  the  United  States,  the  Dutch 
East  Indies  and  Persia.  In  Egypt  the  an- 
nual production  amounts  to  155,000  tons 
and  in  Sarawak  to  150,000  tons. 


STUDENTS  MAKE  SURVEY 


One  hundred  and  fifty  students  of  the 
University  of  California  are  canvassing  the 
industrial  establishments  of  San  Francisco, 
carrying  out  a  complete  manufacturing  sur- 
vey of  the  city  outlined  by  D.r.  B.  M.  Rastall. 
The  university  is  cooperating  with  the  San 
Francisco  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  the  un- 
dertaking. The  city  will  conduct  an  indus- 
trial promotion  campaign,  based  upon  the 
results  of  the  survey.  Information  will  be 
Tnade  available  regarding  manufacturing 
activity,  the  total  consumption  of  all  raw 
materials,  the  employment  of  labor,  payroll 
figures  for  groups  and  whole  manufacturing 
interests,  volume  of  business  and  definite 
facts  regarding  the  difficulties  which  the 
management  in  each  industrial  group  seeks 
to  overcome.  Special  problems,  based  upon 
actual  conditions,  will  be  worked  out. 


SNAKE'S  SERVICES,  $2.50 

A  full-grown  bullsnake  in  a  Kansas  al- 
falfa field  is  worth  at  least  $2.50  a  month 
to  the  farmer  on  whose  land  he  lives.  This 
is  the  statistical  deduction  of  experts  at  the 
Kansas  State  Agricultural  College  here. 
They  arrive  at  it  in  this  way:  There  are 
on  the  average  six  gophers  to  the  acre,  and 
they  damage  the  alfalfa  crop  to  the  extent 
•of  about  $2.50  a  month.  A  bullsnake  of  this 
kind  can  keep  an  acre  free. 


Monroe  Street  near  La  Salic 


An  Important  Feature 

of  your  Will  is  the  appointment  of 
your  Executor.  Your  wishes 
should  be  carried  out  faithfully, 
efficiently  and,  above  all,  impar- 
tially. For  this  capacity  we  offer 
our  experience  and  ability. 

Our  Trust  Department  will  fur- 
nish the  experience  and  judg- 
ment that  your  estate  may  need 
in  any  phase  of  its  administration 
or  settlement. 

Capital  and  Surplus,  $7,000,000 


CENTRALTRUST  COMPANY 

of  Illinois 

1Z5  West  Monroe  Street,  Chicago 


52 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Popular  Errors  Regarding   Federal  Reserve  Banks 

Pointed  Out  by  Gov.  Harding 


The  reasons  why  most  of  the  criticisms 
directed  against  the  Federal  Reserve  bank- 
ing system  are  based  on  misinformation 
regarding  the  real  functions  of  the  system 
were  explained  recently  by  W.  P.  G.  Hard- 
ing, governor  of  the  Federal  Reserve  board, 
in  an  address  delivered  at  Charlotte,  .N.  C. 

"When  things  go  wrong,"  said  Mr.  Hard- 
ing, "especially  in  matters  pertaining  to 
economics  and  finance,  there  are  always 
many  people  who  are  unwilling  to  consider 
the  abstract  causes,  but  prefer  to  seek  the 
concrete  and  the  personal.  They  demand 
a  personal  scapegoat.  Some  people  have 
made  it  their  business  to  charge,  and  may 
have  deluded  others  into  believing,  that 
the  Federal  Reserve  banks  and  the  Federal 
Reserve  board,  particularly,  have  caused  a 
great  economic  crisis,  which  was  foreseen 
by  those  responsible  for  the  management 
of  the  Federal  Reserve  system,  but  which 
was  most  certainly  not  brought  about  by 
them.  On  the  other  hand  they  did  every- 
thing within  the  bounds  of  reason  and  the 
limitations  of  law  to  relieve  the  crisis  and 
to  avert  a  financial  panic,  which  everyone 
will  now  admit  has  been  averted,  whether 
the  Federal  Reserve  system  be  commended 
or  criticized  for  the  part  it  played  in  the 
drama,  which  but  for  its  existence  would 
have  developed  into  the  greatest  financial 
tragedy  of  modern  times." 

Functions    of    System 

With  reference  to  the  legal  functions  of 
the  Federal  Reserve  system,  Mr.  Harding 
said: 

"The  Federal  Reserve  act  did  not  estab- 
lish a  central  bank.  On  the  contrary,  it 
made  possible  the  establishment  of  as  many 
as  twelve  Federal  Reserve  banks,  each  al- 
most wholly  independent  of  the  others  in 
operation,  as  well  as  in  .jcal  policies.  From 
a  legal  standpoint  these  banks  are  private 
corporations,  organized  under  a  special  act 
of  Congress,  namely,  the  Federal  Reserve 
act.  They  are  not  in  the  strict  sense  of  the 
word  government  banks,  but  are  only 
quasi-governmental  institutions,  in  that 
they  are  under  the  general  supervision  of 
the  Federal  Reserve  board  and  have  on 
their  boards  of  directors  three  men,  repre- 
senting the  government,  who  are  appointed 
by  the  Federal  Reserve  board. 

"In  lending  to  their  member  banks  Fed- 
eral Reserve  banks  are  not  permitted  by 
law  to  use  the  same  discretion  that  is  al- 
lowed national  banks,  state  banks  and  trust 
companies,  but  they  must  observe  the  limi- 
tations prescribed  by  law  as  to  the  charac- 
ter and  maturity  of  the  notes  offered  them 
by  member  banks  for  discount.  Except  as 
to  notes,  drafts  and  bills,  drawn  or  issued 
for  agricultural  purposes  or  based  on  live 
stock,  which  a  Federal  Reserve  bank  may 
discount  for  a  member  bank  if  the  maturity 
does  not  exceed  six  months,  a  Federal  Re- 
serve bank  can  not  discount  any  paper 


which  has  longer  than  three  months  to  run, 
exclusive  of  days  of  grace. 

"As  the  Federal  Reserve  banks  are  made 
the  sole  custodians  of  the  legal  reserves 
of  all  member  banks,  the  object  of  Con- 
gress in  throwing  safeguards  and  limita- 
tions around  their  loan  transactions  is  evi- 
dent. It  is  necessary  that  Federal  Reserve 
banks  should  keep  themselves  in  a  'liquid' 
position,  that  is,  their  bills  discounted  must 
be  of  short  maturity  and  should  be  readily 
collectible.  The  strength  of  the  entire 
banking  system  of  the  United  States  is  di- 
rectly related  to  the  strength  of  the  Fed- 
eral Reserve  banks.  If  a  Federal  Reserve 
bank  should  find  itself  in  a  weak,  over- 
extended or  unsafe  position,  all  its  mem- 
ber banks  would  be  directly  affected. 

"This  discretion  is  not  vested  in  the  Fed- 
eral Reserve  board  and  the  reason  for  this 
is  probably  two-fold.  First:  the  Federal 
Reserve  system  is  not  a  central  bank.  It 
is  a  regional  system  comprising  twelve 
banks.  Congress  did  not  intend  that  there 
should  be  a  centralized  control  of  credits. 
Second:  in  a  country  embracing  so  vast 
an  area  as  the  United  States,  it  would  be 
a  very  difficult  task,  if  not  an  impossibility, 
for  a  central  board  to  pass  intelligently 
upon  the  security  of  the  paper  offered  for 
discount,  which  must  necessarily  come 
from  all  sections  of  the  country. 

"I  have  already  called  your  attention  to 
the  fact  that  Federal  Reserve  banks  are  not 
permitted  by  law  to  make  loans  direct  to 
individuals,  firms  or  corporations,  and  that 
they  can  only  rediscount  paper  which  bears 
the  endorsement  of  a  member  bank.  It  is 
evident,  therefore,  that  in  order  for  a  Fed- 
eral Reserve  bank  to  render  financial  as- 
sistance to  those  engaged  in  commerce  or 
industry,  in  agriculture  or  in  the  raising  of 
live  stock,  the  loans  must  first  be  negotiated 
with  member  banks. 

Cannot    Lend   Direct 

"I  have  already  explained  that  a  Federal 
Reserve  bank  cannot  lend  directly  to  the 
customers  of  a  member  bank,  nor  does  it, 
in  fact,  take  the  initiative  in  making  loans 
to  a  member  bank  for  the  purpose  of  ena- 
bling the  member  bank  to  distribute  the 
funds  so  advanced  to  its  customers.  The 
Federal  Reserve  bank  lends  to  the  member 
bank  against  transactions  already  made, 
for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  member 
bank  to  restore  its  reserve  to  the  legal  re- 
quirement, after  the  reserve  has  been  im- 
paired or  is  about  to  be  impaired  because 
of  increased  loans  and  deposits. 

"I  know  that  there  is  a  very  general 
popular  misconception  regarding  this  and 
I  think  that  some  of  the  member  banks  are 
responsible  for  this  misunderstanding,  al- 
though, I  am  sure,  they  have  not  been 
actuated  by  malicious  motives.  I  have  been 
in  the  banking  business  myself  and  I  think 
that  I  know  something  of  banking  psy- 


chology. Banks,  as  a  rule,  do  not  like  to 
admit  to  customers  that  they  are  short  of 
loanable  funds  nor  do  they  like  to  arouse 
enmity  in  declining  to  make  loans  or  in 
asking  for  a  reduction  of  a  loan  already 
made. 

Board  as  a  Buffer 

"In  these  days,  bank  officers  find  in  the 
Federal  Reserve  board  or  the  Federal  Re- 
serve bank  a  much  more  satisfactory  buffer 
than  a  local  board  of  directors.  I  know 
of  many  cases  where  banks  have  found  it 
very  convenient  to  pass  the  buck  to  the 
Federal  Reserve  bank  or  the  Federal  Re- 
serve .board,  and  have  stated  to  a  borrower 
or  would-be  borrower  that  they  would  like 
to  grant  the  extension  asked  for  or  make 
the  loan  desired,  but  the  Federal  Reserve 
would  not  permit  it. 

"Such  a  procedure  has  a  tendency  to  re- 
lieve the  situation  as  far  as  the  local  bank 
is  concerned,  but  it  is  certainly  unfair  to 
the  Federal  Reserve  system.  This  evasion 
of  responsibility  has  subjected  the  Federal 
Reserve  banks  to  a  great  amount  of  un- 
just criticism  and  has  given  the  public  a 
wrong  impression  of  the  authority  and  at- 
titude of  the  Federal  Reserve  banks  and  the 
Federal  Reserve  board.  It  has  aroused  in- 
dignation which  is  entirely  natural  in  the 
circumstances  and  has  caused  much  cor- 
respondence with  the  Federal  Reserve 
board  direct  and  with  congressmen  and 
United  States  senators,  whose  ire  has  been 
aroused  because  of  these  alleged  arbitrary 
methods. 

Issues  of  Notes 

"There  is  perhaps  even  greater  confusion 
in  the  public  mind  regarding  the  issue  of 
Federal  Reserve  notes  than  there  is  re- 
garding the  rediscounting  functions  of  the 
Federal  Reserve  banks.  The  impression 
seems  to  prevail  very  generally  that  the 
Federal  Reserve  board  has  power  to  ex- 
pand or  contract  the  currency  of  the  coun- 
try at  will  and  some  believe  that  it  has 
exercised  this  power  in  a  reckless  and  arbi- 
trary manner.  While  the  law  prescribes 
that  the  Federal  Reserve  board  shall  have 
the  right,  acting  through  the  Federal  Re- 
serve agent,  to  grant  in  whole  or  in  part  or 
to  reject  entirely  the  application  of  any 
Federal  Reserve  bank  for  Federal  Reserve 
notes,  it  has  never  exercised  this  right.  On 
the  contrary,  it  has  always  approved 
promptly  every  application  which  has  been 
made  for  the  issue  of  Federal  Reserve 
notes.  One  of  the  purposes  of  the  Federal 
Reserve  act,  as  stated  in  its  caption,  is  to 
furnish  an  elastic  currency,  but  there  are 
many  whose  idea  of  elasticity  is  continuous 
stretching. 

"Currency  to  be  really  elastic  must  be 
susceptible  of  expansion  or  the  reverse, 
as  the  needs  of  industry  and  commerce 
may  require.  Many  believe  that  there  was 
a  preordained  contraction  of  the  currency 
during  the  year  1920,  determined  upon  in 


October  1, 19211 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


53 


order  to  reduce  prices.  The  facts,  which 
can  be  readily  ascertained  from  the  figures 
which  were  published  every  week  during 
the  year  1920,  show  that  this  impression 
is  absolutely  unwarranted. 

Relation  to  Prices 

"It  is  not  the  function  of  the  Federal 
Reserve  system  or  of  any  banking  system 
to  attempt  to  fix  or  control  prices.  Banks 
are  concerned  with  prices  only  in  so  far 
as  the  security  of  their  loans  may  be  in- 
volved, and  they  are  interested  more  in  the 
stability  of  prices  and  their  margin  of  col- 
lateral than  in  the  price  level  itself.  Banks 
do  not  create  general  conditions,  but  they 
must  adjust  themselves  to  changing  con- 
ditions, which,  in  the  recent  eventful 
months,  have  been  brought  about  by  the 
irresistible  force  of  popular  sentiment 
throughout  the  world. 

"One  word  more  about  the  Federal  Re- 
serve system.  Do  not  expect  it  to  do  the 
impossible.  It  is  not  a  panacea  for  all 
economic  and  financial  ills  and  it  cannot, 
however  skillful  its  administration  may  be, 
prevent  periods  of  depression  in  the  future, 
although  it  can  do  much  to  modify  them. 
Other  nations,  such  as  Great  Britain  and 
France,  with  their  great  central  banking 
institutions,  have  always  had  their  years 
of  prosperity  and  their  periods  of  depres- 
sion, although  they  have  been  free  from 
the  money  panics  which  we  formerly  had 
in  this  country  as  a  result  of  our  inade- 
quate banking  system. 

Cycles   Pointed   Out 

"All  history  shows  that  periods  of  pros- 
perity and  depressjon  come  in  cycles,  the 
rotation  being  about  as  follows:  (1)  Pros- 
perity, (2)  Liquidation,  (3)  Stagnation,  and 
(4)  Revival.  At  the  present  time  the  proc- 
ess of  liquidation  is  well  advanced  and  the 
end  of  stagnation  and  the  beginning  of  the 
period  of  revival  seem  now  to  depend  upon 
certain  things  which  are  susceptible  of  ac- 
complishment in  the  near  future,  among 
which  may  be  enumerated  the  financial  re- 
habilitation of  our  great  transportation 
systems  and  the  determination  of  the  pol- 
icy of  the  government  with  respect  to  rev- 
enues and  the  tariff. 

"When  the  period  of  revival  does  def- 
initely set  in,  to  be  followed  by  a  new  era 
of  prosperity,  let  us  remember  that  the 
greater  the  wave  of  prosperity  and  the 
more  unrestrained  the  expansion  and  the 
speculation  accompanying  it,  the  sharper 
will  be  the  depression  that  will  follow. 
If,  however,  the  lessons  of  the  past  two 
years  are  remembered,  the  next  period  of 
prosperity  will  be  of  longer  duration  than 
any  we  have  had  before  and  the.  subsequent 
reaction  will  be  far  less  severe." 


MADEROS   ACTIVE   AGAIN 


The  great  Madero  family  has  returned  to 
Mexico  and  has  set  about  the  task  of  re- 
storing its  once  widespread  activities.  The 
family  wealth  consists  of  several  million 
acres  of  land,  many  flour  mills,  guayule 
rubber  factories,  mines  and  banks.  At  a 
recent  meeting  of  members  of  the  family 
held  at  Saltillo  plans  for  placing  the  va- 
rious industries  again  in  operation  were 
agreed  upon.  During  the  Carranza  admin- 
istration all  members  of  the  Madero  fam- 
ily, with  one  exception,  were  exiled,  and 
for  a  time  their  various  properties  were 
taken  over  by  the  government.  Amnesty 
was  granted  by  President  Obregon,  and 
most  of  the  exiles  have  returned.  Ernesto 
Madero,  who  was  minister  of  finance  under 
his  nephew,  President  Francisco  I.  Ma- 
dero Jr.,  has  established  headquarters  at 
Saltillo.  He  was  formerly  at  the  head  of 
one  of  the  largest  banks  in  Monterey.  Dur- 
ing the  revolutionary  period  he  made  his 
home  in  New  York. 


Geo.  S.  Haskell  I.  A.  Grossman 

I.  H.  Miller  J.  J.  Van  Every 

M.  S.  Greenebaum 


Haskell,  Miller,  Grossman  &  Co. 
INSURANCE 


AGENCY 


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E.  E.  ARISON 

Member  Am.  Soc.  Mech.  Engrs. 
Soc.  Industrial  Engrs. 


L.  R.  GOOD  A  IN 

Member  Soc.  Industrial  Engrs. 
Western  Society  of  Engrs. 


ARISON-GOODWIN  and  ASSOCIATES 

INDUSTRIAL  ENGINEERS 

327  So.  LaSalle  Street 
CHICAGO 

Telephone  Harrison  6699 

Mr.   Fellow    Member,   Chicago   Ass'n   of   Commerce: 

Your  perplexing  problems  of  organization,  selling,  operating,  financing  are 
greater  in  number  and  complexity  today  than  ever  before. 

They  tax  your  ingenuity  to  the  limit  to  meet  them.  You  would  gladly  wel- 
come any  suggestion  that  might  offer  the  possibility  of  help  in  meeting  them. 

We  have  met  and  solved  successfully  many  similar  problems  for  many 
executives  in  the  past  twenty-five  years.  It  will  involve  you  in  no  obligation, 
and  cost  you  nothing  to  discuss  any  of  them  with  us. 

If  we  can  help  you  to  a  profitable  solution  of  any  of  them  we  shall  be  glad 
to  have  done  our  part  toward  rehabilitation. 

We  apply  the  Chicago  slogan,  "I  Will,"  unqualifiedly  to  the  problems  sub- 
mitted to  us  for  solution.  Just  grant  us  an  interview  and  frankly  submit  your 
problem.  We  will  consider  it,  outline  a  plan  for  its  remedy,  or  as  frankly 
acknowledge  inability  if  such  is  the  case. 

But,  if  it  is  a  practical  organization,  personnel,  material,  overhead,  cost, 
standardization,  accounting,  financing,  selling,  or  operation  problem,  we  will 
find  a  solution. 

Write  us  today  or  telephone  Harrison  6699  that  you  are  willing  to  put  up 
a  problem  and  an  hour  or  so  of  your  time  against  our  time  and  expense,  without 
obligation  or  expense  to  you,  and  we  will  be  on  the  job  promptly. 

Yours  very  truly, 

ARISON-GOODWIN 

• 
and 

Associates. 


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JAPAN'S  CANDY  TRADE 

A  GROWING  INDUSTRY 


Japan,  having  acquired  the  Occidental  habit 
of  eating  candy,  is  about  to  be  educated  in 
the  ways  of  chewing  gum  and  eating  ice 
cream.  Hanzaburo  Matsuzaki,  managing  di- 
rector of  one  of  the  largest  candy  making 
concerns  in  Japan,  the  Morinaga  Confec- 
tionery, has  compiled  the  following  brief 
history  of  the  industry  from  the  reign  of 
Jin-mu  Tenno,  the  first  emperor  of  Japan. 

"The  making  of  cakes  or  confectionery 
had  been  started  in  Japan  previous  to  the 
reign  of  Jin-mu  Tenno,  the  first  emperor. 
When  he  celebrated  his  victorious  cam- 
paign at  Mount  Takakura  he  ordered  made 
some  'mizuame,'  a  sort  of  sweet  jelly  made 
with  millet.  The  term  'kwashi,'  which  in 
English  means  confectionery  or  sweetmeat, 
was  coined  in  the  reign  of  Emperor  Suijin. 
The  stuff  was  made  of  fruits,  but  as  time 
went  on  syrups  were  introduced,  which, 
mixed  with  ripe  or  wheat  flour,  made  a  sort 
of  paste  cake.  The  confectionery  business 
developed  rapidly  in  the  luxurious  mode  of 
life  of  the  Tokukawa  Shogunate.  Cakes 
were  originally  used  only  as  feast  offerings 
to  deities,  but  came  to  be  eaten  at  formal 
teas.  In  the  latter  days  of  the  Tokugawas 
white  sugar  was  introduced  from  Holland, 
and  the  Dutch  in  Nagasaki  taught  the  Japa- 
nese how  to  make  sponge  cakes  and  to  use 
sugar  for  various  sorts  of  cakes. 

"All  this  was  done  by  hand  up  to  1898, 
when  the  Oriental  Confectionery  Co.  was  es- 
tablished in  Tokio,  aided  by  foreign  experts 
and  imported  machinery.  There  was  much 
popular  opposition  to  these  cakes  of  foreign 
origin,  and  those  engaged  in  making  them 
were  regarded  with  hatred  and  harassed  in 
every  possible  way,  but  this  feeling  has 
more  recently  been  overcome. 

"Confectionery  in  Japan  has  come  to  be 
regarded  as  a  provision.  The  recent  con- 
sumption of  sugar  amounts  to  about  600,- 
000,000  pounds  per  year,  of  which  confes- 
tioners  use  about  360,000,000,  or  some  60  per 
cent.  This  industry  has  become  one  of  the 
most  important  in  Japan.  Confectionery  is 
consumed  by  all  classes  of  men,  from  the 
paupers  to  the  rich,  or  offered  on  the  shrines 
of  deities. 

"The  problem  of  men  and  money  which 
has  confronted  this  industry  is  now  being 
solved.  A  total  capital  of  27,000,000  yen  is 
invested  in  thirty  different  companies. 
Another  problem  is  that  of  drying  arrange- 
ments, for  in  Japan  the  humidity  and  cli- 
matic changes  make  special  machinery  nec- 
essary, unlike  America,  where  the  drying  is 
done  by  nature.  The  hardening  of  choco- 
late is  one  of  the  things  we  are  now  work- 
ing on,  with  experiments  in  various  kinds 
of  refrigeration." 


MANY  BRIDGES  PLANNED 


It  is  reported  that  17  railway  bridges 
are  to  be  constructed  at  a  cost  approxi- 
mately of  £200.000  in  British  South  Africa. 
Five  150-foot  steel  spans  will  be  required 
for  the  Vaal  River  alone.  It  is  also  pro- 
posed to'  construct  200  miles  of  railway 
through  the  diamond  mining  district  of 
Griqualand  West,  thus  helping  to  link  up 
Angra  Pequena  with  Delagoa  Bay,  secur- 
ing a  west  coast  port  500  miles  nearer  to 
Europe  than  Cape  Town  is. 


SHIPYARDS  TO  CLOSE 


The  closing  of  Yarrow  &  Co.  (Ltd.), 
the  great  Glasgow  shipbuilding  firm,  an- 
nounced for  about  November  30,  is  re- 
garded as  indicative  of  the  critical  stage 
reached  in  the  foreign-trade  competition 
in  England. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


55 


GENERAL  DAVIS  SPEAKER 
AT  LOAN  CONVENTION 

General  Abel  Davis,  vice  president  of 
the  Association,  delivered  the  address  of 
welcome  at  the  meeting  of  the  American 
Industrial  Loan  Association  in  the  Drake 
hotel  on  Sept.  22.  The  Chicago  members 
of  the  asosciation  are  members  of  Sub- 
division 55,  licensed  lenders,  of  the  Asso- 
ciation of  Commerce.  In  his  talk  General 
Davis  said: 

"Chicago,  among  the  younger  cities,  may 
well  be  looked  upon  as  an  example  of  what 
can  be  accomplished  by  vision,  confidence, 
and  above  all  by  co-operation.  1'he  real 
Chicagoans,  in  their  hopes  for  the  future  of 
their  City,  prefer  to  point  out  to  themselves 
the  ways  and  means  ;n  which  improvements 
can  be  brought  about,  rather  than  to  boast 
about  what  has  been  accomplished.  But  we 
do  feel  that  in  looking  into  the  future  we 
may  well  be  proud  of  the  city's  progress. 

"It  is  well  to  mention  that  the  growth  of 
Chicago,  as  some  of  us  understand  it,  and 
intend  to  use  it  as  a  background  lor  future 
development,  is  not  altogether  a  growth 
wrought  by  brick  and  mortar,  but  rather  a 
forward  movement  toward  a  higher  and 
better  understanding  of  civic  righteousness 
and  civic  duty,  a  higher  and  better  under- 
standing of  life  in  its  finer  aspects — educa- 
tion, art,  the  relation  existing  between  man 
and  man,  and  between  groups  of  men — a 
growth  in  the  direction  of  the  ultimate  ideal, 
the  brotherhood  of  man. 

"And  so  I  am  proud  indeed  to  come  be- 
fore you  this  afternoon  as  the  spokesman 
of  an  association  of  business  men  welcoming 
this  convention  into  our  city,  because  we 
realize  that,  in  the  conduct  of  your  business, 
you  have  had  before  you,  and  intend  to  em- 
phasize before  this  convention  and  in  you." 
future  existence,  the  j>;lden  rulo  and  the 
ideal  of  real  human  interest  in  those  with 
whom  you  transact  business. 

"While  any  banker  in  any  community  al- 
ways commands  respect  because  of  hi5  sup- 
posed set  of  ideals  and  rules  of  conduct, 
and  because  of  the  standards  of  morality 
which  bankers  have  .itlopted  for  themselves, 
you  gentlemen  may  well  be  welcomed  into 
'he  fold  of  the  bankers  with  the  peculiar 
realization  that,  in  the  conduct  of  your  busi- 
ness, you  are  solving  a  social  problem  in  a 
way  which  is  absolutely  ignored  by  other 
groups  engaged  in  the  business  of  loaning 
money. 

"No  effort  succeeds  which  has  not  in  its 
conception  and  execution  a  certain  degree 
of  selfish  interest.  I  am  making  the  state- 
ment with  a  thorough  realization  of  its  ef- 
fect. The  social  worker,  the  dreamer,  the 
idealist,  the  man  who  admittedly  is  giving 
all  of  his  life  to  the  service  of  humanity  can 
best  perform  his  task  if  there  is  some  de- 
gree of  selfishness  in  his  work,  for  the  grati- 
fication which  comes  with  success  is  a  form 
of  selfishness.  No  matter  whom  we  are 
trying  to  help,  no  matter  what  the  degree 
of  service  to  others  may  be,  for  success  to 
be  complete  there  must  be  some  degree  of 
selfish  interest.  And  so  in  your  selfish  in- 
terest to  promote  the  success  of  your  busi- 
ness you  are  not,  so  far  as  I  can  see,  depart- 
ing in  the  least  from  a  philanthropic  effort 
to  serve  those  who  are  your  clients  and 
your  customers. 

"You  may  well  be  proud  of  the  work 
which  you  are  doing.  You  may  well  enlist 
in  the  ranks  of  your  association  all  those 
who  are  interested  in  this  line  of  work,  with 
the  hope  that  the  uniform  legislation  under 
which  some  of  your  societies  anH  !->.m  coin- 
pan!  'S  are  operating  in  many  of  the  states 
will  be  adopted  in  all  the  states  of  the 
union.  In  that  way  you  are  making  a  na- 
tional contribution,  rather  trum  the  local 


contribution    which    each    one 


been  making  in  hts  own  community." 


vou    had 


Lounge,  Hotel  Drake,  Chicago. 


Marshall  &  Fox,  Architects 


F.  O.  Baumann  Mfg.  Co. 

FRANK  POE,  General  Manager 

Contractors  for  Fine  Interior  Cabinet 
Work  for  Resicbnces,  Public  Build- 
ings, Banks  and  Offices. 

Telephone  Lincoln  602.      Blackhawk  Street  and  Smith  Ave.,  Chicago,  Illinois 


J.D. 

HOLLINGSHEAD 

CQ 


BARRELS 

BARREL 

MATERIAL 


FOR  ALL 
COMMODITIES 


PHONE  WABASM  242-3 

208  S.  LA  SALLEST. 

CHICAGO.  ILL. 


56 


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Security 
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We  Deal  Exclusively  in 

FIRST  MORTGAGES  AND 
FIRST  MORTGAGE  BONDS 

Secured  by  Land  and 
Buildings 


School 
Bonds 

YIELDING 

6%  TO  7% 

PER  ANNUM 


Write  for  Sep- 
tember Circular 
No.  2050. 

Single  Bonds 
sold. 

The  Hanchett  Bond  Co. 

(INCORPORATED  1910) 

MUNICIPAL  BOND  HOUSE 

39  South  La  Salle  Street 
CHICAGO 

Telephones:  Central  4532-4533-4534 


2,000  GRAIN  MEN  TO 

MEET  HERE  MONDAY 

Two  thousand  men  representing  the 
American  grain  trade  will  meet  in  Chicago 
next  Monday  for  consideration  of  problems 
of  interest  not  only  to  the  grain  industry 
:>ut  to  business  generally.  It  is  the  twenty- 
Sfth  annual  convention  of  the  Grain  Dealers 
National  Association.  The  meeting  will  con- 
tinue three  days.  World  finance,  foreign 
trade  and  unemployment  are  among  general 
subjects  which  will  be  treated  by  representa- 
tive men  of  American  industry. 

A  number  of  grain  marketing  problems 
will  be  considered  and  plans  made  for  the 
establishment  of  closer  relations  between 
the  farmers  and  the  middlemen.  The  spe- 
cial committee  of  the  Grain  Dealers  National 
association  will  submit  a  report  covering 
its  first  three  months  of  activity.  During 
this  time  the  committee  has  been  con- 
ducting an  educational  campaign,  with  a 
view  to  placing  before  the  farmers  the  eco- 
nomic advantages  of  the  present  grain  mar- 
keting system.  The  committee  has  advised 
farmers  to  study  carefully  the  contracts  for 
grain  pooling  and  consult  their  lawyers  or 
their  bankers  before  signing  these  contracts 
and  thus  tying  up  their  wheat  for  a  period 
of  five  years. 

The  delegates  will  be  welcomed  on  behalf 
of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  by  Presi- 
dent Joseph  P.  Griffin,  who  has  been  a 
leader  in  the  grain  trade's  opposition  to 
legislation  at  Springfield  and  Washington 
which  would  have  destroyed  the  present 
marketing  system  without  providing  a  sub- 
stitute. Mr.  Griffin  who  was  wartime  Pres- 
ident of  the  Board  and  who  was  reelected 
to  that  office  last  January  to  succeed  Leslie 
F.  Gates  has  worked  night  and  day  for  the 
last  nine  months  in  an  effort  to  iron  put  the 
difficulties  of  the  grain  trade  and  bring  be- 
fore the  farmers  and  legislators  the  true 
functions  of  the  exchanges. 

Other  speakers  on  the  opening  day  will 
include  E.  C.  Eikenberry,  Camden,  Ohio, 
former  president  of  the  Grain  Dealers  Na- 
tional association;  Harry  F.  Atwood,  Chi- 
cago, who  will  take  as  his  subject  "Back  to 
the  Republic;"  B.  E.  Clement  of  Waco, 
Texas,  president  of  the  association;  Secre- 
tary-Treasurer Charles  Quinn,  Toledo,  Ohio, 
and  Senator  Medill  McCormick  of  Illinois. 
The  speakers  at  the  regular  session  at  the 
Hotel  Sherman  on  October  4  will  include 
Governor  Warren  T.  McCray  of  Indiana, 
former  president  of  the  Grain  Dealers  Na- 
tional association;  R.  I.  Mansfield,  Chicago, 
chairman  of  the  special  educational  com- 
mittee; A.  E.  Reynolds  of  Crawfordsville, 
Ind.,  who  will  talk  on  legislation;  David  R. 
Forgan,  president  of  the  National  City 
bank,  Chicago;  F.  E.  Watkins  of  Cleveland, 
and  John  B.  Maling,  New  Haven,  Ind.,  who 
will  discuss  "Origin  and  effect  of  freak  and 
class  legislation." 

Entertainment  features  will  include  a  the- 
ater party  at  the  Colonial  Monday  evening. 
The  delegates  and  their  wives  will  attend  in 
a  body. 

A  banquet  will  be  held  at  the  Drake  hotel 
Tuesday  night.  The  speakers  will  be  for- 
mer Governor  Frank  O.  Lowden  of  Illinois 
and  Ashberry  F.  Lever,  former  chairman  of 
the  house  committee  on  agriculture  and  now 
connected  with  the  federal  farm  loan  bu- 
reau of  Washington.  President  Griffin  will 
be  toastmaster. 


CANADIAN  STOCKYARDS 


During  the  first  half  of  the  present  year 
business  handled  at  Canadian  stockyards 
was  as  follows:  Cattle,  265,690  head;  calves 
100,510;  sheep,  82,653;  hogs,  311,067.  West- 
ern Canadian  leading  yards  handled  103,492 
head  of  the  total. 


— are  you  taking  advan- 
tage of  an  investment 
buying  situation  that 
shrewd  observers  predict 
will  soon  disappear? 

Bonds  and  Notes 

of  seasoned  companies,  yielding 
8%  and  over,  offering  highest 
degree  of  safety  are  obtainable. 

Readjust  your  security  hold- 
ings for  greater  safety  and 
higher  income.  Our  sugges- 
tions that  will  assist  you  in 
the  above  are  available. 

JOHN  BURNHAM 
&  COMPANY 

INC. 

41  South  La  Salle  St.,  Telephone  Randolph  3446 


IRVING  H    CHRISTIAN 


DEO.  R.  PARSONS 


CHRISTIAN  &  PARSONS 
COMPANY 

BANKERS 


COMMERCIAL  PAPER 
COLLATERAL  LOANS 
INVESTMENT  SECURITIES 


Member* 

American  Bankers  Association 
Illinois  Bankers  Association 


208  S.  LA  SALLE  ST. 


WABASH  8711 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


57 


What  You  Should 
Know  About 
Trust  Service 

What  our  Trust  Serv- 
ice includes  is  carefully 
explained  in  our  booklet 
by  this  title. 

Whether   your    estate 

is  large  or  small,  you  will 
be  interested. 

Call  or  write  for  a  copy 
today. 

Chicago  Trust  Co. 

Trust  Department 

LUCIUS  TETER,  President 

Officers,  Trust  Department 

Willard  F.  Hopkins,  Sec'y 

William  T.  Anderson, 

Ais't  Sec'y 

Roy  K.  Thomas 

Trust  Officer 


Time-Money 

Your  Employee's  time  is  of  value 
to  you. 

By  Saving  his  time  you  are  sav- 
ing money. 

A  Rebuilt 

Mimeograph 
Dictaphone 
Multigraph 

Envelope  Sealer 
Folder 

Will  appreciably  lessen  the  time 
required  to  do  your  office  work 
efficiently. 

These  Machines  are  in  perfect 
condition. 

Office  Economies  Co. 

440  S.  Dearborn  Harrison  5917 


DUN'S  WEEKLY  REVIEW 

OF  TRADE  IN  CHICAGO 

Dun's  review  of  Chicago  trade  published 
today  by  R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.,  will  say: 

Retail  trade  has  shown  some  improve- 
ment this  week.  Clothing,  knit  goods,  both 
outer  garments  and  underwear,  hosiery  and 
millinery  showing  better  distribution.  House- 
hold furnishings  aiso  are  in  better  demand, 
and  office  furniture  is  going  better  than  at 
any  other  time  since  the  spring  moving 
period.  Woolen  dress  fabrics,  particularly 
novelty  skirtings  and  home-sewing  acces- 
sories of  all  kinds,  are  more  active. 

Orders  of  wholesalers  are  not  running 
ahead  of  last  year.  In  most  lines  there  are 
indications  of  the  passing  of  the  lull  in  buy- 
ing caused  by  recent  stiffening  of  prices  and 
merchants  are  more  inclined  to  make  com- 
mitments, but  still  cautiously.  Purchases 
are  in  small  quantities,  as  usual,  but  indi- 
cate that  in  many  cases  stocks  are  low.  A 
better  demand  for  staple  cottons  has  fol- 
lowed strengthening  of  primary  markets 
in  this  department.  Silk  distribution  is 
larger  than  last  year.  Hardware  buying 
has  been  stimulated  by  a  hardening  of 
prices,  orders  from  the  interior  especially 
being  larger.  Groceries  are  an  exception 
to  the  general  trend,  continuing  slow,  with 
indications  that  buying  is  being  confined 
more  closely  to  necessities.  Fruit  prices 
are  high,  and  in  spite  of  comparatively  cheap 
sugar,  little  canning  and  preserving  is  being 
done. 

Steel  mill  operations  have  increased 
slightly,  but  elsewhere  there  is  no  notice- 
able improvement  in  manufacturing.  Coal 
prices  have  weakened  under  the  influence 
of  slackened  demand  for  steam  grades, 
which  more  than  offset  a  moderate  increase 
in  domestic  buying  with  the  approach  of 
colder  weather. 

Country  merchants  are  in  the  city  mar- 
kets in  larger  numbers.  Collections  show 
improvement  over  the  corresponding  time 
last  year,  and  are  satisfactory. 


BALTIC  STATES  IMPROVE 


A  slight  improvement  in  trade  and  indus- 
try has  occurred  in  the  Baltic  States,  due 
partly  to  steady  progress  in  reconstruction, 
partly  to  Russian  transit  trade  and  partly 
to  exchange  conditions,  according  to  Trade 
Commissioner  H.  Lawrence  Grover  of  Lat- 
via. 

In  Finland  the  depreciation  of  the  Fin- 
nish mark  has  placed  local  manufacturers 
of  paper  and  pulp  in  a  more  favorable  posi- 
tion to  compete  with  Swedish  factories  for 
foreign  trade,  as  Finnish  costs  and  prices 
are  now  generally  lower.  This  is  resulting 
in  greater  activity  in  cellulose  and  paper 
factories  on  the  strength  of  foreign  orders. 

In  Esthonia,  transit  trade  with  Soviet 
Russia,  though  in  decreased  volume  com- 
pared with  previous  months,  resulted  ;n 
further  slight  improvements  in  local  condi- 
tions. The  decline  in  transit  shipments  over 
Reval  is  explained  by  the  entry  of  a  large 
number  of  vessels  direct  into  the  port  of 
Petrograd,  where  harbor  conditions  are  re- 
ported unexpectedly  good. 

Drastic  exchange  fluctuations  have  handi- 
capped trade  and  increased  speculation  in 
Latvia.  The  gyrations  of  exchange  were 
induced  by  the  introduction  of  a  new  cus- 
toms tariff  and  the  necessity  of  purchasing 
local  currency  for  clearing  large  quantities 
of  goods  in  customs  warehouses.  Trade 
conditions  in  Lithuania  remain  dull,  with 
continued  lack  of  demand  for  flax  prevent- 
ing an  improvement  in  export  trade. 


HIGH  GRADE  PAPERS 


on 

or  your 

UTTER  HEADS 


elfast 
JBona 

or  your 

LETTERHEADS 


The 

BERKSHIRE  COMPANY 

CHICAGO 


SACRIFICE 

MICHIGAN  BOULEVARD  prop- 

erty, North  of  Fourteenth, 

West  Side  of  Street 

641ft.  x  175  ft 


Will  not  consider  trade.  Imme- 
diate action  necessary.  First 
come,  first  served. 


P.  J.  SEXTON,  Owner 

Room  703,  112  W.  Adams  Street 
Tel.  Randolph  529 


58 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Tax  Problems 


ACCOUNTANTS  can  be  of 
more  real  and  constructive 
value  to  you  when  audits  can  be 
started  several  months  before  the 
close  of  your  fiscal  year  and  the 
expense  will  be  no  greater. 

WM.E.MASON,JR.&CO. 

CERTIFIED  PUBLIC  ACCOUNTANTS 

108  So.  La  Salle  St. 
State  5357-5358-5359 


AUDITS  AND  REPORTS 
INCOME  TAX  SCHEDULES 


SPECIAL  EXAMINATIONS 

SYSTEMS 


Goto 


for 


Direct  and  Display  Publicity  of  all 
descriptions 

Advertising  Stationery  Catalog  Covers 

Mailing  Folders  Street-Car  Cards 

Inserts  Calendars 

Hangers  Blotters 

also  all  varieties  of  Lithographed  Commerical  Stationery 

For  the  Stationer  and  Printer  these  Goes  Products  are 
carried  constantly  in  stock: 

Stock  Certificate  and  Common-Law  Certificate  Blanks 
(Both  regular-litho  and  sted-Htho  designs) 

Stock  Blanks  for 
Bonds  Insurance  Policies  Charters  Diplomas 


Common-Law  Record  Books 
Corporation  Record  Books 


Binders  for  Stock  Certificates 

Minute  Books 


For  the  Advertising  Specialty  Dealer  and  Printer 
we  have  prepared : 


Art  Advertising  Blotters 

Art  Advertising  Calendar  Cards 

Art  Advertitil  g  Calendar  Mounts 


Art  Advertising  Mailing  Cards 
Art  Advertising  Calendar  Pictures 
Calendar  Pads  (lithxgraphed) 


Samples  or  descriptive  matter  cf  any  of  the  Goes  Products  upon  application 

GOES  LITHOGRAPHING  COMPANY 


GENERAL  OFFICES 

42-48  West  61st  Street 


SALES  OFFICE 

Insurance  Exchange  Building 


CREDIT  BAROMETER 


Fluctuation  of  merchandising  activities  for 
periods  designated  as  compared  with  the 
week  of  September  23  is  thus  reported  by 
the  Credit  Clearing  house: 

i—  Increase  Percentages—, 

Pur-  Indebted-  Pay- 
United    States —  chases       ness       ments 

Week    before    1.8  *0.1 

Year  ago    *2.1 

Two  years  ago    0.2 

Pacific  Coast  Section — • 

Week  before   4.2 

Year   ago    3.9 

Two  years  ago    *2.1 

Mountain   Section — 

Week  before   *4.6 

Year  ago    *3.4 

Two  years  ago      *9.7 

North  Agricultural  Section — 

Week    before    0.1 

Year  ago    3.3 

Two  years  ago   6.7 

Middle  Agricultural   Section — 

Week  before   0.6 

Year  ago    *2.4 

Two  years  ago   *2.6 

South  Agricultural   Section — 

Week    before    0.6 

Year  ago    "0.7 

Two  years  ago    *0.6 

East  Section — 

Week    before    2.4 

Year  ago    *4.9 

Two  years  ago   2.1 


*0.9 
2.6 

0.5 
•1.5 

6.7 

8.8 
*4.1 
H.I 

10.4 
4.1 
2.8 

0.7 
2.3 
5.4 

*1.8 
•3.1 

*0.8 


*0.9 

*4.1 

•11.9 


6.0 
*12.7 

*7.4 
•16.6 
*16.0 

*0.9 
•2.5 
*9.« 

*6.0 

*7.4 

•16.6 

1.6 

*5.8 

*12.2 


•2.1 
1.7 
4.3 


•0.4 
•0.1 

•7.5 


•Decrease. 


LUMBER  PRODUCTION 


Building  in  the  United  States  has  reached 
a  point  where  the  lumber  producers  are  al- 
ready far  behind  with  their  orders,  accord- 
ing to  figures  which  have  been  prepared 
by  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers' 
Association.  A  compilation  of  the  figures 
of  the  seven  big  producing  associations 
show  that  lumber  shipments  were  91,812,000 
feet  or  1  1-7  per  cent  below  orders  for  the 
thirty-five  weeks  ending  Sept.  3.  In  the 
same  period  the  shipments  fell  below  ac- 
tual production  by  only  1-10  of  1  per  cent. 
In  August  alone,  orders  were  received  for 
851,607,567  feet,  while  the  cut  for  the 
month  amounted  to  only  834,477,565  feet, 
with  shipments  slightly  less  than  this 
amount.  Neither  production,  orders  nor 
sh'pments  have  yet  reached  a  point  which 
the  trade  regards  as  normal. 


JAPAN'S  LABOR  PROBLEM 


Premier  Hara  of  Japan  recently  told  a 
delegation  from  the  House  of  Peers,  in 
response  to  questions  referring  to  the  labor 
unrest  and  the  general  agitation  against 
the  high  cost  of  living,  that  the  question 
of  remedy  was  the  most  urgent  matter  at 
present  confronting  the  Japanese  Empire. 
Personally,  he  believed  the  most  effective 
remedy  to  be  education.  The  government 
was  making  efforts  for  the  encouragement 
of  education,  although  there  is  much  to  be 
done  for  the  development  of  public  spirit 
and  social  morality. 


SUBWAY  FOR  HAVANA 


The  project  for  a  tunnel  and  subway  in 
Havana,  Cuba,  announced  last  January,  is 
now  taking  shape.  The  necessary  conces- 
sions for  the  work  have  been  approved  by 
the  Cuban  railroad  commiss:on.  A  repre- 
sentative of  the  Cuba  North  &  South  Rail- 
road, which  is  promoting  the  project,  will 
visit  New  York  in  October  or  November 
for  the  purpose  of  negotiating  the  issue  of 
bonds  or  other  securities  to  finance  the 
work. 


October  1,  1921'] 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


59 


INSURANCE 

OF  EVERY  KINTP 

That 

New 

Garage 

Stop  worrying  about  it! 
There  are  ways  you  can 
build  and  not  endanger 
your  house  or  raise  the 
insurance  rate. 

Investigate  — 
then  insure 

We  come  to  you  with 
definite,  tangible  recom- 
mendations for  prevent- 
ing fire  and  for  handling 
your  insurance. 

Moore. 
Case, 
Lyman 

and 

HubLard 

James  H.  Moore                Frederick  W.  Moore 
Edward  W.  Poinier                    Fred  Y.  Coffin 
John  K.Walker 

175  West  Jackson  Blvd. 

Phone:  Wabash  400 
CHICAGO 

POSTAL  NOTICE 


The  post  office  department  has  issued  the 
following  notice  regarding  the  mailing  of 
sealed  parcels  at  merchandise  rates: 

Under  section  469  of  the  postal  laws  and 
regulations,  sealed  parcels  containing  mer- 
chandise may  be  mailed  at  the  fourth-class 
or  parcel  post  rates  when  prepared  so  as  to 
conform  to  the  requirements  for  "proprie- 
tary articles  of  merchandise." 

The  regulations  and  rulings  of  the  post 
office  department  provide  that  in  order  that 
sealed  parcels  may  be  mailed  at  the  fourth- 
class  rates  of  postage  under  the  provisions 
of  the  regulation  above  mentioned  they 
must  in  fact  possess  the  characteristics  of 
proprietary  articles  of  merchandise,  this 
being  evidenced  by  the  manufacturer  or 
dealer  putting  them  up  in  uniform  or  fixed 
quantities  and  by  the  labeling  thereof  in 
printing  in  the  manner  in  which  many  well- 
known  articles  distributed  widely  through- 
out the  country  are  labeled,  a  trade  mark, 
brand,  illustration  of  the  article,  etc.,  or 
other  identifying  design  usually  appearing 
on  the  label,  and  by  the  frequent  shipment 
of  the  articles  in  material  quantities. 

It  is  particularly  essential  that  the  parcels 
be  prominently  labeled  in  printing  snowing 
the  nature  and  quantity  of  the  contents  and 
the  name  and  address  of  the  manufacturer 
or  dealer,  so  as  to  indicate  clearly  that  they 
contain  articles  which  constitute  proprie- 
tary articles  of  merchandise  within  the 
usual  and  commonly  understood  meaning 
of  the  term.  In  other  words,  the  label 
should  indicate  in  the  clearest  manner  pos- 
sible the  nature  of  the  particular  contents 
of  the  parcel  and  thus  give  it  that  element 
of  individuality  which  is  a  distinguishing 
characteristic  of  a  proprietary  article  of 
merchandise.  It  is  desirable  that  a  sepa- 
rate label  be  used  as  an  address  label  on 
such  parcels. 

Under  the  foregoing  such  articles  as 
shoes,  books,  paper  articles,  clothing,  food 
products,  etc.,  etc.,  may  be  prepared  for 
mailing  in  sealed  containers  instead  of  in 
open  wrappers.  Manufacturers  desiring  to 
avail  themselves  of  the  parcel  post  rates  for 
sealed  parcels  should  make  application  to 
the  postmaster  for  detailed  information  as 
to  the  printing  required  on  labels  to  be 
affixed  to  such  parcels,  manner  of  packing, 
etc.,  and  should  submit  specimen  packages 
for  consideration  of  the  post  office.  Sealed 
parcels  not  fully  meeting  all  the  regulation 
provisions  regarding  the  mailing  of  "pro- 
prietary articles  of  merchandise"  will  be 
chargeable  with  postage  at  the  letter  rate. 


SEEK  SIBERIA'S  FURS 


The  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  which  for 
hundreds  of  years  dominated  the  fur  busi- 
ness of  far  North  America,  has  invaded 
the  Far  East.  A  ship  sailed  recently  from 
Seattle  carrying  500  tons  of  supplies  to 
trade  for  furs  in  Siberia  and  Kamchatka. 
The  company  will  establish  posts  in  the 
wildest  districts  along  the  north  coast. 
Kamchatka  and  Siberia  are  now  the  world's 
last  important  habitat  of  fur-bearing  ani- 
mals. This  region  yields  silver,  cross, 
black,  red  and  white  fox,  otter,  marten, 
bear,  Norway  lynx,  ermine,  sable,  wolver- 
ine, fisher,  muskrat,  harp  seal,  caribou, 
beaver  and  mink.  Last  year  the  furs  ex- 
ported from  Vladivostok  amounted  to  520 
tons  and  valued  at  $10.000,000. 


RAILWAY  NEEDED 


For  the  lack  of  300  miles  of  railway  in 
Gold  Coast,  says  the  governor  of  Gold 
Coast,  60,000  to  100,000  tons  of  palm  nuts 
are  rotting  on  the  ground  every  year. 


A  Commercial 
Bank 

Ever   since   The    Merchants    Loan 
and     Trust     Company     Bank     of'1 
Chicago   was   founded,    more   than 
sixty    years    ago,    the   big   end   of 
its  business    has    been    commercial 

banking. 

i' 

From  time  to  time,  new  depart- 
ments have  been  added,  extending 
and  widening  the  Bank's  service, 
but  it  has  always  remained  first 
of  all  a  commercial  bank,  and 
commercial  banking  its  principal 
activity. 

Today  this  Bank  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  leading  trust  companies 
of  the  United  States  in  volume  of 
commercial  business  and  holdings 
of  bank  deposits. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS 

CLARENCE  A.   BURLEY 

Attorney  and  Capitalist 
MARSHALL  FIELD 

Marshall  Field,  Glore,  Ward  &  Company 
ERNEST  A.   HAMILL 

Chairman  Corn  Exchange  National  Bank 
HALE   HOLDEN 

President,  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
R.  R.  Company 
MARVIN  HUGHITT 

Chairman,  Chicago  &  North  Western 
Railway  Company 
EDMUND   D.    HULBERT 

President 
CHAUNCEY   KEEP 

Trustee,  Marshall  Field  Estate 
CYRUS  H.   McCORMICK 

Chairman,  International  Harvester  Co. 
JOHN  J.    MITCHELL 

Chairman  of  Board 
SEYMOUR    MORRIS 

Trustee,  L.  Z.  Leiter  Estate 
JOHN   S.  RUNNELLS 

President,    Pullman    Company 
EDWARD  L.  RYERSON 

Chairman,  Joseph  T.  Ryerson  &  Son 
JOHN   G.    SHEDD 

President,   Marshall   Field  &  Company 
ORSON   SMITH 

Chairman  of  Advisory   Committee 
JAMES   P.   SOPER 

President,   Soper   Lumber   Company 
ALBERT  A.   SPRAGUE 

Chairman,  Sprague,  Warner  &  Company 


THE 

MERCHANTS, 
LOAN  ^ ' 


„     TRUST 
COMPANY 


"Identified  with  Chicago's 

Progress  Since  1857" 

Capital  and  Surplus  $15,000,000 


60 


CHICAGO     COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


STOP  CRYING! 


START  BUYING! 


A  PRINTER'S  MESSAGE 
TO  PRINTERS 


"How  any  printer  or  paper  user 
can  go  on  from  day  to  day  ordering 
stock  without  first  consulting  these 
lists  is  more  than  I  can  understand. 

"Time  and  again  I  have  saved 
money  for  my  customers,  as  well  as 
for  myself,  by  taking  just  an  extra 
minute  to  call  Superior  9113  first. 


"Common  sense  tells  the  average 
printer  when  to  stop  spending.  The 
secret  of  my  success  is  in  thebuying. 
"I  hope  every  printer  who  reads 
this  message  will  not  hesitate  to 
send  in  his  name  requesting  Bar- 
gain's Semi-Mon t hi y  list  of 'Sec- 
onds' and  Monthly  list  of  Jobs 
and  Perfects." 


BARGAIN  PAPER  HOUSE,  Inc. 

LOUIS  T.  DWVER,  President 
Telephone  Superior  9113  423  West  Ontario  Street 

Branch    Offices 
ST.  LOUIS,  MO.  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y.  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 

We  carry  the  world's  larg  si 
(277)  slock  of  Jobs  and  Seconds. 


MARSH  &  M'  LENNAN 


INSURANCE 


Insurance  Exchange 


Chicago 


FIRE 
MARINE 


CASUALTY 
BONDS 


New  York 

Minneapolis 

Denver 


OFFICES  IN 

San  Francisco 
Detroit 
Duluth 
Chicago 


London 
Montreal 
Winnipeg 


ESTIMATES  THE  1921 

WORLD  CEREAL  CROPS 

Tentative  estimates  of  1921  cereal  produc- 
tion in  the  various  countries  of  the  world 
for  which  statistics  are  available  have  been 
announced  by  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture. The  estimates,  however,  owing  to  the 
many  changes  in  boundaries  an-d  the  gen- 
erally unsettled  conditions  resulting  from 
the  World  War,  are  said  to  be  highly  tenta- 
tive. 

The  aggregate  production  of  wheat  in  23 
countries  for  1921  is  estimated  at  2,519,- 
662,000  bus.  Twenty  of  these  countries  for 
which  estimates  are  available  for  both  1920 
and  the  five-year  average  of  1909-1913  show 
a  production  for  the  year  1921  of  approxi- 
mately 2,490,609,000  bus.,  compared  with 
2,384,143,000  bus.  in  1920  and  2,330,150,000 
bus.,  the  average  for  the  years  1909-1913. 
These  20  countries  produce  according  to 
their  annual  average  production  for  the 
years  1909-1913,  a  little  over  three-fifths  of 
the  known  wheat  crop  of  the  world. 

For  nine  countries  usually  producing 
about  7  per  cent  of  the  total  rye  crop  of  the 
world,  estimates  this  year  show  a  produc- 
tion of  163,940,000  bus.,  compared  with 
167,701,000  bus.  in  1920.  Reports  received 
from  15  countries  show  an  aggregate  pro- 
duction of  543,833,000  bus.  of  barley.  Of 
these  countries  14,  usually  producing  about 
one-third  of  the  world's  total  outturn,  pro- 
duced in  1921  517,811,000  bus.,  compared 
with  505,314,000  bus.  in  1920. 

Oats  in  13  countries  gave  a  total  produc- 
tion in  1921  of  1,719,852,000  bus.  Twelve  of 
these  countries  produced  in  1921  1,715,718,- 
000  bus.,  as  against  2,209,407,000  bus.  in 
1920  and  1,653,862,000  bus.,  the  average  for 
the  years  1909-1913. 

These  12  countries  produce  nearly  four- 
tenths  of  the  world's  total  oat  crop. 

The  United  States,  Argentina,  Hungary 
(old  boundaries)  and  Italy  produce  about 
86  per  cent  of  the  world's  supply  of  corn. 
Estimates  from  Hungary  and  Italy  are  not 
at  present  available,  but  for  the  nine  coun- 
tries reporting  for  1921  estimates  show  a 
production  of  3,525,376,000  bus.  Eight  of 
these  countries  for  which  estimates  are 
available  for  the  three  periods  in  question 
and  producing  approximately  76  per  cent 
of  the  world's  supply,  produced  in  1921 
3,517,502,000  bus.,  compared  with  3,589,720,- 
000  bus.  in  1920  and  2,965,028,000  bus.,  the 
average  for  the  years  1909-1913. 


GRECIAN  TRADE 


The  total  value  of  merchandise  imported 
from  Greece  during  June,  1921,  was  $1,919,- 
533,  and  for  the  12  months  ended  June, 
1921,  $24,331,162,  while  the  values  for  the 
corresponding  periods  of  the  preceding 
year  were  $3.037,719  and  $22,229,915,  re- 
spectively. The  total  value  of  merchan- 
dise exported  to  Greece  during  June,  1921, 
was  $3,693,690,  and  for  the  12  months 
ended  June,  1921,  $37,809,642,  while  the 
values  for  the  corresponding  periods  of  the 
preceding  year  were  $1,918,756  and  $48,672,- 
778,  respectively. 


MARKET  FOR  RICE 


A  recent  report  from  Consul  Paul  Kna- 
benshue,  at  Beirut.  Syria,  states  that  rice 
is  imported  from  India,  China  and  Japan, 
but  the  best  grade  is  imported  from  Egypt. 
Trial  shipments  of  rice  were  also  imported 
from  the  United  States  and  the  quality 
proved  satisfactory.  In  case  the  American 
rice  can  be  offered  at  competitive  prices, 
there  will  be  a  good  market  for  it.  Accord- 
ing to  available  statistics,  8,377,590  pounds 
of  rice  were  imported  into  Syria  through 
the  port  of  Beirut  in  the  year  1920. 


October  1,  1921] 


I 
CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


61 


w^g-S 

(0*0.0 

s*H 


RATE  ANNOUNCEMENTS 


Transcontinental  freight  bureau  will  pub- 
lish, effective  Oct.  3,  in  import  tariff  30  im- 
port rate  75  cents  per  100  Ibs.  on  vegetable 
oil  and  copra  from  Pacific  coast  ports  to 
Cincinnati,  also  via  New  Orleans  and  via 
East  St.  Louis  in  connection  Southern 
Railway  also  Louisville  and  Nashville  Rail- 
road. Rate  will  also  be  published  in  con- 
nection Illinois  Central  R.  R.  via  New  Or- 
leans and  Mississippi  river  crossings  north 
thereof  to  Paducah,  Evansville,  Henderson 
and  Louisville.  Same  rate  will  be  published 
to  Group  D  and  points  west  thereof.  Same 
rate  from  Pacific  Coast  to  same  destina- 
tions under  Domestic  Tariff  2-P  and  3-O 
will  be  effective  on  vegetable  oils  Nov.  3, 
1921. 

The  bureau  will  also  publish,  effective 
Oct.  3,  Tariff  3-O  to  Chicago  and  West  re- 
duced rates  on  vegetables  carloads  as  fol- 
lows: dollar  ten  cents  per  one  hundred 
pound  item  1525-B  and  item  1530-B  and 
reduced  rates  dollar  forty-six  to  groups  D. 
and  E  and  dollar  thirty-nine  to  groups  F 
and  west,  item  1535-B  effective  same  date, 
St.  Paul  rate  dollar  forty-six  item  1535-B, 
Tariff  3-O  will  be'  published  in  item  205, 
tariff  10-G. 


CENSUS    OF    CONGRESS 


Of  the  531  members  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives,  333,  or  nearly  60 
per  cent,  are  lawyers.  Running  as  a  modest 
second  are  editors,  with  a  membership  of  24. 
The  following  lines  of  business  have  at  least 
one  representative  at  the  Capitol:  Iron  mold- 
ing, wholesaler,  glass  blowing,  clipping  bu- 
reau, lumber  dealer,  restaurateur,  oil  well 
driller,  merchant,  chemist,  dentist  and 
printer.  At  least  one  member  let  himself 
be  known  as  a  capitalist.  Five  are  school 
teachers.  Eight  saw  fit  to  have  themselves 
classed  as  professional  officeseekers.  Twen- 
ty-two left  the  plow  to  represent  agricul- 
tural districts.  Of  the  remaining  forty- 
eight,  from  whom  replies  were  not  received, 
the  majority  doubtless  were  men  of  the  law. 
The  complete  result  of  the  analysis  follows: 
Lawyers,  333;  editors,  24;  farmers,  22; 
manufacturers,  19;  real  estate-insurance,  13; 
bankers,  11;  professional  office-holders,  8; 
doctors,  8;  teachers,  7;  mining  engineers,  5; 
contractors,  3;  chemists,  3;  public  utilities 
owners,  3;  merchants,  3;  postal  workers,  2; 
capitalists,  2;  printers,  2;  dentists,  2;  com- 
mission merchants,  2;  iron  molder,  1;  whole- 
saler, 1;  glass  blower,  1;  owner  clipping  bu- 
reau, 1;  lumber  dealer,  1;  miller,  1;  well 
driller,  1,  and  unlisted  and  doubtful,  48. 


SEEK  QUAKE  FORECASTS 

An  information  service  on  earthquakes, 
similar  to  the  Weather  Bureau's  work  in 
its  field,  is  being  considered  by  scientists, 
engineers  and  business  men  in  California. 
The  undertaking  aims  at  perfecting  an  in- 
strument sensitive  enough  to  record  the 
slightest  tremors  of  the  earth  and  so  make 
possible  the  prediction  of  approaching 
movements  of  its  surface. 


TOO  MANY  RATTLERS 


McKean  county,  Pennsylvania,  is  suffer- 
ing from  an  invasion  of  rattlesnakes.  The 
reptiles  are  becoming  such  a  menace  to 
berrypickers  and  workers  in  the  woods  that 
the  next  legislature  will  be  urged  to  put 
a  bounty  on  poisonous  snakes  as  a  means 
of  reducing  the  visible  supply. 


OUT  OR  INDOOR 

Display 
Printing 

ALL  STYLES 
AND  SIZES 

POSTERS 

Designed 

or   Type 

For    All    Purposes 

CARDS 

Elevated  Cars 
Street   Cars 
Window  Displays 
General  Displays 
Tack   Cards,   Etc. 

SIGNS 

Out   and   Indoor 

Muslin 

Oil  Cloth 

Fibre 

Paraffine 

Card  Board 

PENNANTS,   STREAMERS 

OR  ANYTHING  NEEDED 
IN    DISPLAY   PRINTING 

FOR  IN  OR  OUT  DOORS 

CENTRAL 

PRINTING  AND 
ENGRAVING  CO. 

CHICAGO.  ILLS. 

NORTH  FRANKLIN  AND 
INSTITUTE  PLACE 

All   Telephones   Superior   4922 


62 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Fire  Underwriters  Association|of  the  Northwest  Will 
Celebrate  Fiftieth  Anniversary  Next  Week 


The  Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  the 
Northwest  will  celebrate  its  fiftieth  anni- 
versary in  Chicago  on  Wednesday  and 
Thursday  of  next  week.  Meetings  will  be 
held  at  the  Congress  hotel.  Attention  is 
called  to  the  fact  that  the  fiftieth  anniver- 
sary of  the  organization  falls  on  the  same 
year  as  that  of  the  Chicago  Fire,  and  that 
there  are  still  numbered  among  its  living 
members  men  who  represented  fire  insur- 
ance companies  at  the  time  of  the  great  fire 
and  some  who  were  active  in  the  adjust- 
ment of  losses  at  that  time. 

Rev.  Hugh  Elmer  Brown,  pastor  of  the 
First  Congregational  church  of  Evanston, 
will  deliver  the  invocation  at  the  opening 
session  on  Wednesday  morning.  There  will 
be  a  vocal  selection  by  Mrs.  P.  D.  Mc- 
Gregor, with  accompaniment  by  Mrs.  Ethan 
Taylor.  Reports  of  officers  and  committees 
will  be  followed  by  remarks  by  the  presi- 
dent, Charles  H.  Coates,  of  Chicago,  and 
the  annual  address  on  the  subject,  "The 
Hidden  Pool,"  by  Russell  W.  Osborn,  of 
San  Francisco.  An  informal  buffet  luncheon 
will  be  held  in  the  Florentine  room  of  the 
Congress  hotel. 

The  formal  unveiling  of  a  bronze  tablet 
and  presentation  to  the  Armour  Institute  of 
Technology  will  take  place  at  the  opening 
of  the  afternoon  session.  The  tablet  is 
commemorative  of  Dr.  Frank  W.  Gun- 
saulus'  connection  with  fire  insurance, 
through  his  splendid  cooperation  in  estab- 
lishing scholarships  at  the  institution  of 
which  he  was  president. 

The  Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  the 
Northwest  in  1914  established  a  scholarship 
at  the  Armour  Institute,  with  the  sympa- 
thetic cooperation  of  Dr.  Frank  W.  Gun- 
saulus,  the  scholarship  being  a  course  in 
fire  protection  engineering.  The  Fire  Un- 
derwriters association  was  successful  in  in- 
teresting other  insurance  organizations,  so 
that  now  the  scope  of  the  work  is  enlarged 
to  twenty-five  annual  scholarships  in  this 
course.  Because  of  the  interest  taken  by 
Dr.  Gunsaulus  in  the  work  and  the  help 
that  he  gave  in  furthering  it,  the  organiza- 
tions presenting  the  scholarships  are  erect- 
ing this  memorial  tablet  to  Dr.  Gunsaulus 
at  the  Armour  Institute.  Presentation  will 
be  ma-de  by  Wellington  R.  Townley,  and 
the  acceptance  by  Howard  M.  Raymond, 
acting  president  of  the  institute. 

This  session  will  include  also  addresses 
by  Thomas  R.  Weddell,  of  Chicago,  editor 
of  the  "Insurance  Post,"  on  "A  Review  of 
Fifty  Years,"  and  Allen  D.  Albert,  of  Paris. 
111.,  former  president  of  the  International 
Rotary  Clubs,  on  "Expensive  Economies  in 
City  Fire  Service." 

"Around  the  World"  will  be  the  subject 
of  an  address  on  Thursday  morning  by 
Howard  P.  Moore,  of  New  York,  and 
"Look;ng  Both  Ways,"  by  David  O.  Stine. 
•of  Reedsburg,  Wis.  Luncheon  will  be  held 
in  the  Florentine  room  of  the  Congress. 


presided  over   by   W.   T.   Benallack,  of   De- 
troit, vice-president  of  the  organization. 

Judge  Evan  A.  Evans,  of  Chicago,  will 
address  the  closing  session  on  the  subject. 
"Naturalizing  and  Nationalizing  the  Alien." 
This  will  be  followed  by  reports  of  com- 
mittees, consideration  of  business  matters, 
and  the  election  of  officers.  Robert  C. 
Hosmer  and  Royal  A.  Buckman.  both  of 
Chicago,  are  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the 
organization. 

FIRST  ANNUAL  CHICAGO  FOOD 
AND  HOUSEHOLD  APPLIANCE 
EXPOSITION 

Chicago's  first  annual  Food  and  House- 
hold Appliance  Exposition  opens  at  the 
Coliseum  to-day  and  will  run  for  eight  days. 
The  show,  which  is  under  the  direction  of 
the  Chicago  Herald  and  Examiner,  will 
serve  as  a  medium  through  which  manu- 
facturers of  food  products  and  home  fur- 
nishings will  be  enabled  to  talk  directly  to 
housewives,  their  prospective  customers.  In 
addition,  dealers'  organizations  will  attend 
in  groups,  and  thus  manufacturers  and  job- 
bers will  have  an  unusual  opportunity  for 
direct  appeal  to  their  agents  and  retailers. 

Manufacturers  of  foodstuffs  ready  to  eat 
and  also  of  so-called  "specialties  and  table 
accessories"  have  contracted  for  booths, 
and  demonstrations  will  be  held  daily  from 
1  to  11  o'clock.  Electrical  appliances,  sav- 
ing time  and  housewives'  energy,  will  be  on 
display.  Home  furnishings  will  come  in 
for  much  attention  also.  In  fact,  manufac- 
turers and  jobbers  of  anything  and  every- 
thing that  goes  into  the  home,  whether  food 
or  clothing,  will  be  represented. 

To  further  interest  the  thousands  of 
mothers  and  housewives  who  are  expected 
to  attend,  an  elaborate  program  of  pro- 
fessional and  amateur  entertainers  has  been 
arranged  for.  The  Women's  Exposition 
Auxiliary,  an  organization  of  club  women 
formed  to  care  for  the  program,  represents 
scores  of  women's  clubs  in  the  city,  and 
they,  too,  will  have  exhibits  and  entertain- 
ments. 

Members  of  the  Order  of  the  Eastern 
Star,  for  instance,  will  have  a  large  booth 
in  which  they  will  sell  aprons,  the  entire 
proceeds  of  which  will  go  towards  the  en- 
dowment of  an  Eastern  Star  room  in  the 
new  Masonic  hospital.  The  First  Congres- 
sional district,  IH:nois  Federation  of  Wom- 
en's Clubs,  the  Chicago  Church  Federation, 
United  Irish  Societies  and  other  organiza- 
tions are  actively  engaged  in  the  promotion 
of  the  women's  program. 

ANCIENT  AND  HONORABLE  ORDER 
OF  THE  BLUE  GOOSE 

The  fifteenth  annual  grand  nest  meeting 
of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Order  of  the 
Blue  Goose  will  be  held  next  Tuesday  at 
the  Hotel  La  Salle.  Of  the  organization's 
membership  of  forty-three  hundred,  twenty- 


six  ponds  are  in  the  United  States  and  six 
ponds  in  Canada,  and  representatives  of 
each  pond  are  expected  to  be  in  attend- 
ance. 

The  opening  session  will  be  called  to 
order  by  Grand  Gander  E.  D.  Marr,  of 
Kansas  City.  A  buffet  luncheon  will  be 
served  at  12:30  and  the  afternoon  session 
called  at  2  o'clock.  Matters  of  interest  to 
members  will  be  acted  upon  at  this  meeting, 
including  the  adoption  of  a  new  ritual, 
changes  in  the  by-laws  and  the  election  and 
installation  of  officers  for  the  ensuing  year. 
There  will  also  be  reports  from  committees 
and  officers  and  state  and  provincial  ponds, 
followed  by  the  regular  business  of  the 
convention.  There  will  be  an  address  by 
Grand  Gander  E.  D.  Marr. 

The  annual  good  fellowship  dinner  will 
be  held  on  Tuesday  evening  at  the  Hotel  La 
Salle,  for  which  the  entire  nineteenth  floor 
has  been  reserved.  Elaborate  entertainment 
features  of  a  new  variety  are  promised  for 
this  occasion. 

John  F.  Stafford,  of  Chicago,  is  grand 
guardian  of  the  nest,  and  James  F.  Joseph, 
also  of  Chicago,  is  deputy  grand  gander  of 
the  Central  district.  Other  Chicagoans  are 
included  in  the  membership  of  various  com- 
mittees. 

NATIONAL  POULTRY,  BUTTER  AND 
EGG  ASSOCIATION 

The  fifteenth  annual  convention  of  the 
National  Poultry,  Butter  and  Egg  associa- 
tion, which  will  be  held  at  the  Hotel  Sher- 
man on  Oct.  10  and  11,  is  expected  to  exceed 
any  previous  attendance  record.  Nearly 
all  of  its  membership  of  1,200  have  al- 
ready applied  for  reservations,  which  in 
many  cases  include  their  wives  and  mem- 
bers of  their  families. 

The  opening  session  will  be  devoted  to 
the  annual  business  meeting,  to  be  followed 
by  a  luncheon  to  members  in  the  Louis 
XVI  room.  During  the  luncheon  hour  lady 
visitors  will  be  entertained  at  luncheon  at 
the  Drake  hotel,  and  this  will  be  followed 
by  a  style  show. 

The  annual  banquet  will  be  held  in  the 
Louis  XVI  room  of  the  Hotel  Sherman  on 
the  evening  of  the  first  day.  A  speaker  of 
national  prominence  will  appear. 

The  Tuesday  morning  session  will  listen 
to  addresses  by  James  R.  Howard,  of  Iowa, 
president  of  the  American  Farm  Bureau 
federation,  and  Alton  E.  Bribers,  of  Boston. 
The  afternoon  session  will  be  devoted  to 
open  forum  discussions  of  topics  of  I've  in- 
terest to  the  trade,  to  be  followed  by  gen- 
eral business  subjects  and  the  annual  elec- 
tion. 

Executive  offices  of  the  association  are 
located  in  Chicago.  Its  activities  are  H~ 
voted  to  caring  for  the  b;sr  otiestions  of  the 
poultry,  butter  and  egg  industry,  such  as 
state  and  national  legislation,  traffic  and 
questions  pertaining  to  the  distribution  of 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


63 


Why  People  So 

Often  Die  Too 

Young 

Will  you  devote  4  minutes  of  your 
time  to  a  plan  that  may  add  twenty 
years  to  your  life? 

Why  is  it  that  even  though  you 
are  apparently  in  good  health  there 
are  times  when  you  have  all  sorts 
of  aches  and  pains — a  depressed  feel- 
ing and  off  days? 

Have  you  ever  stopped  to  question 
— why? 

It  is  simply  a  warning  from  nature. 
Perhaps  you  have  unknowingly 
broken  some  of  nature's  laws. 

Nature  goes  far  in  her  desire  to 
protect  us.  There  are  certain  signs, 
which  when  we  understand  them, 
give  us  warning  of  serious  troubles 
to  come.  By  knowing  what  they  are, 
we  may  head  off  these  troubles  and 
be  healthy  and  vigorous. 

Usedby^Big 
Business  Men 

Among  the  thousands  who  use  this 
simple  plan  are  the  officials  or  em- 
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largest  institutions  such  as  American 
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and  Company,  Standard  Oil  Company, 
Sears,  Roebuck  &  Co.,  Wm.  Wrigley, 
Jr.,  Co,  Crane  Company,  Interna- 
tional Harvester  Co.,  American  Ra- 
diator Co.  This  simple  little  plan 
requires  only  four  minutes  of  your 
time  a  year — and  the  cost  is  so  small 
it  is  within  the  reach  of  every  one. 

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ligation. 


iiiuiiiimmr.u    National  Bureau  of  Analysis 

Dept.  9884  Republic  BIdg.,  Chicago,  111. 

Please  send  me  without  obligation  your 
book,  "Why  People  Die  Too  Young,"  and 
full  particulars  of  your  four  minute  a  year 
plan,  which  prolongs  life. 


;      Nan 


s      Street     No 

I     City State. 


products  in  its  line  of  travel  from  the  pro- 
ducer to  the  retailer. 

PROHIBITION   NATIONAL 

COMMITTEE 

The  Prohibition  National  committee  will 
meet  in  conference  in  Chicago  on  Novem- 
ber 29  and  30.  Sessions  will  be  held  at  the 
Great  Northern  hotel  and  the  program  will 
include  talks  depicting  the  progress  of  the 
dry  movement  in  other  countries.  Virgil  G. 
Hinshaw,  of  La  Grange,  111.,  is  president  of 
the  committee. 

ELGIN   SALES   CORPORATION 

A  conference  of  the  Elgin  Sales  Corpora- 
tion will  be  held  at  Hotel  La  Salle  next 
Wednesday,  Thursday  and  Friday.  Sales- 
men from  all  over  this  country  and  Canada 
will  be  in  attendance.  Wednesday  and 
Thursday  will  be  spent  at  Elgin  at  the  plant 
of  the  Elgin  Motor  Car  Corporation.  A 
business  session  will  be  held  at  the  Hotel 
La  Salle  on  Friday.  There  will  be  a  supper 
at  the  Auditorium  hotel  on  Thursday  even- 
ing and  a  d'nner  at  the  Congress  on  Friday 
evening.  Headquarters  will  be  at  the  Hotel 
La  Salle. 

CONVENTIONS   HERE   NEXT   WEEK 

The  following  conventions  will  be  in  ses- 
sion in  Chicago  during  the  week  of  Oct 
3-8: 

Ancient  Free  and  Accepted  Masons, 
Grand  Lodge  of  Illinois,  Hotel  La  Salle. 

Anc'ent  and  Honorable  Order  of  the  Blue 
Goose,  Hotel  La  Salle. 

Chicago  Food  and  Household  Exposi- 
tion, First  Annual,  Coliseum. 

Elgin   Sales  Corporation,  Hotel  La  Salle. 

Fire  Underwriters  Association  of  the 
Northwest,  Congress  Hotel. 

First  National  Franciscan  Tertiary  Con- 
gress, Hotel  La  Salle. 

Fourth  Illinois  Cavalry  Association,  G.  A. 
R.  Hall,  Public  Library. 

Grain  Dealers'  National  Association,  Ho- 
tel Sherman. 

National  Automob;le  Underwriters  Con- 
ference, Edgewater  Beach  Hotel. 

National  Funeral  Directors  Association 
of  the  U.  S.,  Executive  Committee,  Audi- 
torium Hotel. 

National  Implement  and  Vehicle  Associa- 
tion, Salesmen's  Department,  Hotel  Sher- 


INDIANS  AND  SIGNS 


Recently  a  sign  painter  daubed  the  huge 
picture  of  a  cigarette  on  the  "painted  rocks" 
of  the  Yakima  Indians  near  Wapato,  Wash. 
A  hundred  young  braves  pursued  the 
"artist"  to  Wapato  but  he  escaped  on  a 
train.  Then  the  Indians  returned  and 
with  turpentine  washed  off  the  offending 
sign,  which  was  to  have  been  equipped 
with  electric  lights  and  would  have  been 
visible  for  twelve  miles.  The  "painted 
rocks"  form  the  blurry  shore  of  the  Yakima 
River.  They  are  of  basalt,  worn  smooth 
by  the  elements.  Deep  in  this  hard  sur- 
faced precipice  are  indentations  of  images 
of  men,  buffalos,  other  creatures,  and  trees, 
with  hierogliphics  of  sign  writing  believed 
by  the  Yakimans  to  be  of  divine  origin. 


AVERAGE  WHEAT  PRICE 


The  average  price  to  producers  from  the 
1920  wheat  crop  of  the  United  States  was 
approximately  $1.85  a  bushel,  according  to 
the  Department  of  Agriculture.  This  price 
was  obtained  by  applying  the  average 
monthly  price  to  the  monthly  rate  of  mar- 
ketings. The  season  started  with  an  aver- 
age of  $2.43  and  declined  almost  steadily, 
the  average  at  the  close  of  the  season  being 
about  $1.20  a  'bushel. 


When  You  Need 
a  Reporter 

Have  Your 
Stenographer  Call 

Franklin  2188-2187 

Night  Calls  —  Graceland  558 

Competent  reporters  fur- 
nished any  time,  day  or 
night.  Depositions,  Con- 
ventions, Arbitrations, 
Meetings  and  Law  Report- 
ing. 

Edward  J.  Walsh 

Court  Reporting 

1720-22  Conway  BIdg.,  Chicago 


Men 


Exceptional,  isn't  it,  if  the 
right  man  happens  in  just 
when  you  need  him! 
The  Employment  Service 
of  the  Y   M   C   A    is  op- 
erated to  make  the  excep- 
tional probable. 
If  you  will  phone,  write,  or 
call  whenever  you  have  a 
vacancy 

— and  give  definite  instruc- 
tions as  to  just  what  the 
position  requires, 
we  will  make  a  careful 
selection  and  send  the  right 
applicant  to  you  promptly. 
No  charge  to  employers; 
applicants  pay  no  com- 
mission fee. 

Men  always  available  who  are 
qualified  for  Executive,  Sales, 
Clerical,  Technical  and  Mechan- 
ical Positions. 

CENTRAL  Y  M  C  A 

EMPLOYMENT 

SERVICE 

Suite  301,  19  So.  LaSalle  Street 

Central  6789 


64 


CHICAGO   COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


W  O  R 


R  A  D  E 


Commerce  Throughout  the  Near  East  Crippled  by 

Continued  Military  Operations 


The  commercial  situation  in  the  Near 
East  is  summarized  in  an  article  by  Julian 
E.  Gillespie,  assistant  trade  commissioner 
for  the  United  States  at  Constantinople,  in 
an  article  printed  in  Commerce  Reports.  In 
this  article  Mr.  Gillespie  says,  in  part: 

Throughout  the  Near  East  the  past  year 
has  been  marked  by  an  unprecedented  de- 
pression in  commercial  and  financial  cir- 
cles. This  has  been  caused  by  the  con- 
tinued military  activities  in  Anatolia,  Cilicia, 
and  Syria,  the  bolshevik  successes  in  South 
Russia  and  the  Caucasus,  and  the  adverse 
exchange.  Large  quantities  of  merchandise, 
amounting  in  value  to  millions  of  dollars, 
were  shipped  by  English  and  American 
manufacturers  to  Piraeus  and  Constanti- 
nople, but  tremendous  losses  have  been  in- 
curred through  the  closing  of  surrounding 
markets,  and  the  reduction  of  stocks  in 
glutted  distributing  centers  has  progressed 
very  slowly. 

Are  Shorn  of  Power 

By  the  treaty  of  Sevres  the  Imperial  Ot- 
toman empire  was  shorn  of  all  its  European 
possessions  and  the  hinterland  of  Constan- 
tinople given  to  Greece.  Asia  Minor,  Syria, 
and  Cilicia  were  declared  to  be  the  French 
sphere  of  influence,  Palestine  was  placed 
under  Great  Britain,  and  Adalia  was  cre- 
ated as  the  Italian  zone  of  influence.  Mili- 
tary operations  in  Asia  Minor  have  resulted 
in  almost  a  complete  closing  of  Anatolia  to 
foreign  trade.  The  central  Turkish  govern- 
ment at  Constantinople  has  therefore  been 
cut  off  from  the  major  part  of  its  revenue- 
producing  areas  and  has  been  dependent  for 
funds  upon  the  local  customs  receipts,  con- 
sumption taxes,  and  special  municipal  taxes. 
Obviously  these  have  been  insufficient  for 
its  needs,  and  loans  have  been  sought  from 
the  administration  of  the  Ottoman  public 
debt  and  the  Agricultural  bank. 

Turkey  is  primarily  an  agricultural  an-d 
stock  raising  country,  with  little  or  no  in- 
dustrial life  either  in  Constantinople  or  in 
the  interior.  With  the  producing  portion  of 
the  country  closed,  the  Turkish  empire  has 
virtually  amounted  to  nothing  more  than 
Constantinople  since  the  armistice.  For  this 
reason  the  imports  have  exceeded  the  ex- 
ports by  about  three  to  one,  the  imports  for 
1919  amounting  to  £192,762,375  and  the  ex- 
ports to  £T38,427,672,  while  for  1920  the 
respective  aggregates  were  £T169,396,267 
and  £T47,844,327. 

Capital  Is  Needed 

Turkish  imports  from  the  United  States 
in  1919  amounted  to  £T8,085,062.  (France 
and  Italy  were  the  only  two  countries 
whose  imports  exceeded  those  of  the  United 
States.)  Against  these  imports,  merchan- 
dise to  the  value  of  £T4,988,487  was  ex- 
ported to  the  United  States.  Imports  from 
the  United  States  jumped  in  1920  to  £T25,- 
953,810,  the  bulk  of  these  purchases  consist- 
ing of  flour,  sugar,  petroleum,  and  automo- 


biles. American  trade  in  Turkey,  however, 
has  been  handicapped  by  an  adverse  rate  of 
exchange;  Turkish  money  has  fluctuated 
from  94  cents  to  the  Turkish  paper  pound 
in  July,  1920,  to  58  cents  in  December,  1920, 
and  on  June  30,  1921,  the  rate  was  69J4 
cents. 

The  United  States  occupies  a  favored 
position  with  both  the  central  Turkish  gov- 
ernment and  the  Nationalist  government  at 
Angora.  The  latter  is  most  anxious  to  en- 
ter into  relations  with  American  business 
firms  and  American  capitalists  for  the 
future  development  of  the  interior.  Various 
projects  have  been  studied  by  the  National- 
ist Assembly,  and  only  lack  of  capital  and 
continued  military  activities  have  delayed 
work  thereon.  Chief  among  these  projects 
are  the  building  of  railroads  from  Samsun 
to  Sivas  and  thence  to  Angora  and  from 
Adalia  to  Konia,  and  the  installation  of 
electrical  plants  at  Adalia  and  Angora.  It 
is  contemplated  that  the  natural  water 
power  in  and  around  Adalia  will  be  used  to 
furnish  the  electricity  for  that  city. 

Lack  Transportation 

According  to  reliable  reports,  there  are 
large  stocks  of  wheat,  tobacco,  wool,  mo- 
hair, licorice  root,  and  nuts  in  Anatolia 
awaiting  transportation  to  the  seaboard. 
Adequate  transportation  facilities  are  prob- 
ably the  greatest  need  of  the  interior  of 
Turkey.  The  country  is  rich  in  natural  re- 
sources and  almost  entirely  undeveloped, 
and  with  the  return  of  peace  it  would  re- 
quire only  a  few  years  for  capital  invested 
in  Turkey  to  bring  returns. 

The  resumption  of  trade  with  Anatolia 
naturally  depends  upon  the  settlement  of 
the  military  and  political  issues.  As  soon 
as  peace  is  restored  a  market  for  agricul- 
tural implements  and  machinery  of  all 
sorts,  automobiles  and  trucks,  cotton  goods, 
and  manufactured  goods  of  many  varieties 
will  be  opened  for  American  manufacturers 
and  exporters.  Likewise,  Constantinople 
will  in  all  probability  regain  its  position  as 
the  chief  distributing  point  for  the  Black 
sea  ports,  South  Russia,  and  the  Caucasus. 

Owing  to  the  state  of  its  treasury,  the 
Imperial  Ottoman  government  in  February, 
1921,  relinquished  the  control  and  adminis- 
tration of  its  finances  to  a  provisional  finan- 
cial commission — a  similar  permanent 
financial  commission  is  provided  for  in  the 
Treaty  of  Sevres — in  order  that  it  might 
secure  a  loan  from  the  Administration  of 
the  Ottoman  public  debt  to  pay  the  back 
salaries  of  government  employees  and  of- 
ficials. The  members  of  the  provisional 
financial  commission  are  the  delegates  of 
the  administration  of  the  Ottoman  public 
debt. 

Since  the  armistice  Smyrna  has  been  un- 
der military  occupation  by  the  Greeks. 
Smyrna  is  the  center  of  the  fig,  raisin,  and 
sultana  trade,  and  furnishes  a  substantial 
part  of  the  Turkish  tobacco  so  sought  after 


by  American  firms,  but  since  the  armistice 
the  export  of  these  commodities  has  never 
reached  pre-war  figures.  The  Greeks,  how- 
ever, have  done  a  great  deal  to  interest  both 
the  Turks  and  their  own  nationals  in  the 
use  of  modern  agricultural  machinery,  and 
to  this  end  have  established  an  experiment 
farm  where  instruction  is  given  in  the  use 
of  tractors  and  other  agricultural  machin- 
ery. They  have,  furthermore,  succeeded  in 
increasing  the  acreage  under  cultivation. 
Also,  the  Greek  minister  of  agriculture  in 
Smyrna  has  worked  out  a  plan  of  credits 
to  landowners  and  farmers  similar  to  the 
farmers'  loan  and  rural  credits  act  in  the 
United  States. 

The  republic  of  Armenia,  since  its  incep- 
tion, has  been  practically  a  republic  in  name 
only.  Its  frontiers  have  never  been  defined 
and  some  of  the  principal  villages  have  been 
successively  in  the  hands  of  the  Turks, 
Georgians,  and  Azerbaijans.  The  country, 
while  having  for  a  time  its  own  local  gov- 
ernment and  officials  at  Erivan,  has  been 
divided  between  political  factions,  with  the 
result  that  the  region  turned  bolshevik  in 
the  early  part  of  1921.  Consequently,  there 
has  been  no  trade  or  commerce  in  this  sec- 
tion of  the  Near  East  except  through  the 
Caucasus.  The  outlook  for  the  economic 
and  commercial  future  of  Armenia  cannot 
be  forecast  any  more  correctly  than  the  re- 
opening of  soviet  Russia  can  be  predicted. 

Palestine  Backward 

The  only  railroads  in  Palestine  are  the 
lines  from  El-Kantara  to  Haifa,  with  a 
junction  at  Ludd  leading  to  Jerusalem  and 
Jaffa  and  from  Haifa  to  Damascus.  Trans- 
portation facilities  are  therefore  very  poor, 
as  the  railroad  system  is  inadequate.  The 
camel  caravan  is  used  extensively.  Mule- 
drawn  wagons,  introduced  by  the  English 
army,  and  motor  cars  which  have  been 
brought  in  since  the  armistice  are  now 
transporting  merchandise  from  Jaffa  to 
Jerusalem  almost  as  quickly  and  as  cheaply 
as  the  railroad. 

Although  statements  have  been  made  that 
the  Palestine  government  intended  to  im- 
prove the  harbor  at  Haifa,  after  looking  the 
situation  over  carefully  it  is  probable  that 
the  port  of  Jaffa,  while  not  so  adaptable  as 
Haifa,  will  be  the  first  port  in  Palestine  to 
be  improved.  This  seems  logical  because  of 
the  fact  that  it  would  be  impracticable,  ex- 
pensive, and  very  difficult  to  transport  the 
orange  crop  from  Jaffa  to  Haifa  by  way  of 
Ludd  and  thence  into  lighters  onto  boats 
for  shipment  to  England  and  the  continent. 
The  principal  exports  from  Palestine  are 
shipped  from  Jaffa.  Imports  are  received 
largely  by  rail  from  Alexandria  and  Cairo 
by  way  of  El-Kantara  and  through  Jaffa. 
Haifa  at  the  present  time  is  receiving  great 
quantities  of  goods  destined  for  Damascus 
and  Syria  because  of  the  inadequate  trans- 
portation facilities  from  Beirut. 


October  1,  19211 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


65 


The  Foreign  Trade  Department, 
acting  in  conjunction  with  the 
Foreign  Exchange  Department  of 

THE  FIRST 
NATIONAL 
BANK  OF 
CHICAGO 

offers  to  importers  and  exporters, 
and  those  who  are  interested  in  the 
furtherance  of  international  busi- 
ness relations,  the  benefits  of  an 
extensive  organization  and  broad 
experience. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Chi- 
cago and  its  affiliated  institution, 
the  First  Trust  and  Savings  Bank, 
with  resources  in  excess  of  $350,- 
000,000,  offer  a  complete  finan- 
cial service,  developed  to  meet 
satisfactorily  the  requirements  of 
business  interests  in  Chicago  and 
the  territory  of  which  this  city  is 
the  center. 


Dearborn 


Northwest 
Corner 


Monroe 


LLINOISLir[IN$URAN([(a 


GREATEST 
ILLINOIS 


COMPANY 


INSURANCE 

-OVER- 
I2S   MILLIONS 


FOREIGN  AND   HOME 
TRADE  TIPS 


Names  and  addresses  corresponding  to 
these  tips  will  be  furnished  upon  request. 
Ask  the  Interstate  and  Foreign  Trade  De- 
partment for  the  specific  number  in  which 
you  are  interested. 

590.  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.,  firm  wants  to  pur- 
chase twelve  carloads  of  California  Zinfan- 
del  grapes. 

591.  English  firm  wants  to  purchase  slate 
slabs  for  electrical  purposes. 

592.  Portland,     Ore.,     brokerage     house 
wants  mops,  paper  towels  and  janitors'  sup- 
plies. 

593.  London,    England,   firm   wants   tan- 
nic  acid,  fustic  paste  and  fustic  powder. 

594.  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  firm  is  in  the 
market  for  a  large  number  of  glass  bottles. 

595.  London,    England,   manufacturer   of 
incubators   and   poultry  houses,   etc.,  wants 
sales  representative  in  Chicago  trade  terri- 
tory. 

596.  Galesville,  Wis.,  firm  is  in  the  mar- 
ket for  dish  washing  machines. 

597.  Toronto,      Canada,      manufacturers' 
agent   desires   to   be   placed    in    touch    with 
Chicago  manufacturers  wishing  representa- 
tion in  that  territory. 

598.  Lafourche,  La.,  firm  desires  to  pur- 
chase ladies'  wearing  apparel. 

599.  Havana,  Cuba,  mercantile  house  de- 
sires   to    represent    Chicago    firms    in    that 
territory. 

600.  Syracuse,     N.     Y.,    automobile    tire 
manufacturer    wants    warehouse    space    in 
Chicago. 

601.  Czechoslovakia      manufacturer      of 
woolen  goods   wants  to  get  in   touch   with 
Chicago  importers  of  that  article. 

602.  Parma,   Idaho,   manufacturer  wants 
to  purchase  machines  for  knitting  hosiery. 

603.  Chicago  sales  organization  with  of- 
fices in  the  loop  will  consider  representation 
of   manufacturers   desiring   to   obtain   local, 
national     or     international     distribution     of 
their  products. 

604.  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  manufacturer  of  the 
electric  arc  welder  wants  sales  representa- 
tive in  Chicago  trade  territory. 

605.  Chicago    traveling    salesman    cover- 
ing  Cuba  wants  to  handle  machinery  suit- 
able for  sugar  and  tobacco  plantations. 

606.  Gulf  Port,  Miss.,  firm  is  in  the  mar- 
ket  for   furniture,   cooking   utensils  and  all 
kinds  of  household  equipment. 

607.  Yokohama,     japan,     silk     manufac- 
turer wants  sales  representative  in  Chicago 
trade  territory. 

608.  Worcester,    Mass.,    salesman    cover- 
ing   grocery    trade    desires    to    represent    a 
Chicago  manufacturer  of  flour  in  that  ter- 
ritory. 

609.  Richmond  Hill,  N.  Y.,  firm  is  in  the 
market  for  hosiery  and  men's  and  women's 
house  slippers. 


LAKE  AND  RAIL  RATES 


Joint  rail-and-lake  rates  from  points  in 
New  England  to  Chicago  are  announced,  to 
take  effect  on  Sept.  27.  The  rates  apply  in 
connection  with  the  Chicago  Steamship 
Lines,  Inc.,  operating  between  Chicago  and 
Buffalo,  and  they  are  published  at  substan- 
tial differentials  under  the  all-rail  rates. 
Further  information  can  be  had  by  com- 
municating with  the  steamship  company. 
It  is  to  be  noted,  however,  that  with  the 
addition  of  the  above  mentioned  service 
there  is  now  restored  to  the  port  of  Chi- 
cago rail-and-lake  and  barge  (New  York 
States  Canal) -and-lake  facilities  from  sub- 
stantially the  entire  eastern  seaboard  terri- 
tory accessible  through  the  port  of  Buffalo. 


Phone,  Central  5560 


Register 

Your 
Trade-Marks 

and 

Copyright  Your  Catalogues 

Artistic  Labels  and 

Advertising  Cuts 

and  Prints 

JOSHUA  R.  H.  POTTS 

Attorney  and  Counselor  at  Late 

Suit*  1112  Hartford  Building 

8  South  Dearborn  St. 

CHICAGO 


80S  G  Street,  N.  W. 
Washington,  D.  C. 


929  Chestnut  Street 
Philadelphia 


CORN  EXCHANGE 
NATIONAL  BANK 

N.  W.  Corner  La  Salle  and  Adams 


Capital   J  5,000,000.0* 

Surplus  and  Profits 10,MO,000.0« 

Through  our 

Foreign  Department 

We  have  established  banking  connections  la  ertry 
Important  city  throughout  the  world,  and  are  pre- 
pared to  afford  our  correspondents  the  benefit  of  these 
facilities  for  the  Collection  of  Drafts,  the  Flnanclnf 
of  Foreign  Purchases,  the  Payment  of  Debts  abroad. 
Purchase  or  Sale  of  Foreign  Moneys,  and  such  other 
business  as  may  be  within  the  lines  of  legitimate 
banking. 

OFFICERS 

ERNEST  A.  HAMII  L,  Chairman  of  the  Board 
EDMUND  D     HULBERT,  President 
CHARLES  L.  HUTCHINSON,  Vice-President 
OWEN  T.  REEVES,  JR.,  Vice-President 
J.   EDWARD  MAASS,   Vice-President 
NORMAN  J.  FORD,  Vice-President 
JAMES  G.  WAKEFIELD,  Vice-President 
EDWARD  F.  SCHOENECK,  Cashier 
LEWIS  E.  GARY,  Ass't  Cashier 
JAMES  A.  WALKER,  Ass't  Cashier 
CHARLES  NOVAK,  Ass't  Cashier 
HUGH  J.   SINCLAIR,    Ass't    Cashier 

DIRECTORS 
WATSON  F.  BLAIR 
CHAUNCEY  B.  BORLAND 
EDWARD  B.  BUTLER 
BENJAMIN    CARPENTER 
CLYDE  M.  CARR 
HENRY   P.   CROWELL 
ERNEST  A.  HAMILL 
EDMUND  D.  HULBERT 
CHARLES   H.    HULBURD 
CHARLES   L.    HUTCHINSON 
JOHN   J.   MITCHELL 
MARTIN   A.   RYERSON 
J.    HARRY   SELZ 
EDWARD   A.   SHEDD 
ROBERT  J.  THORNE 
CHARLES  H.   WACKER 


66 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


E.  M.  Craig   Discusses  Judge  Landis'   Decision  and 

the  Building  Labor  Situation 


One  of  the  speakers  at  the  Wednesday 
luncheon  of  the  Association  in  the  Hotel 
LaSalle  was  E.  M.  Craig,  secretary  of  the 
Building  Construction  Employers'  associa- 
tion, who  discussed  the  labor  situation  in 
Chicago  and  particularly  the  Landis  award. 
In  his  talk  Mr.  Craig  said: 

"In  1919  wages  were  made  uniform  in 
Chicago  and  run  up  to  one  dollar  an  hour, 
due  to  the  great  demand  for  the  comple- 
tion of  work  under  construction  and  to  the 
great  scarcity  of  men.  After  a  protracted 
struggle  in  which  the  contractors  attempted 
to  resist  that  increase  we  were  reluctantly 
compelled  to  grant  it. 

"In  the  spring  of  1920  the  wages  went  up 
to  $1.25,  with  still  a  great  amount  of  work 
uncompleted  and  great  demands  for  men, 
not  only  in  Chicago  but  throughout  the 
United  States.  Beginning  with  the  fall  of 
last  year,  the  contractors  of  Chicago  being 
warned  by  the  building  public  that  they 
would  not  build  with  such  high  rates,  we 
attempted  to  get  the  building  trades  to 
think  the  same  as  we  did,  that  it  would  be 
necessary  in  order  to  encourage  an  early 
resumption  of  building  construction  work 
that  they  should  accept  a  reduction  in 
wages. 

"Of  course  you  realize  that  the  man  who 
is  getting  $1.25  an  hour  and  probably  on  a 
good  deal  of  work  going  on  in  Chicago 
working  almost  twelve  to  fourteen  hours  a 
day,  didn't  think  very  much  of  a  proposition 
of  that  kind.  We  brought  in  committees 
representing  the  Building  Trades  Council 
and  the  other  organizations  and  talked  to 
them,  begged  them,  pleaded  with  them,  to 
help  us  get  conditions  satisfactory  and  right 
in  Chicago,  but  they  still  insisted  that  they 
should  have  the  rate  of  $1.25  per  hour  for  all 
mechanics. 

"After  going  along  for  some  time  with 
them  the  Associated  Builders  and  the  Build- 
ing Construction  Employers'  association 
early  in  the  spring  issued  an  order  to  them 
and  to  the  building  public  that  they  would 
not,  after  May  1st,  pay  any  wages  higher 
than  the  rate  of  $1  per  hour  for  mechanics 
and  70  cents  per  hour  for  building  laborers. 
The  men  went  out  on  strike  and  continued 
on  strike. 

"Many  members  of  our  association  be- 
lieved that  it  would  be  better  probably  to 
continue  to  pay  a  compromise  rate  between 
$1  and  $1.25,  but  the  majority  thought  that 
even  at  a  dollar  an  hour  the  wages  would 
still  be  high  and  it  would  not  be  a  sufficient 
inducement  for  people  to  build.  Conse- 
quently we  agreed  to  stand  pat  on  the  prop- 
osition of  $1  an  hour  for  mechanics  of  all 
classes  and  70  cents  for  laborers  without 
even  considering  the  differential  between 
those  trades  that  in  past  years  have  dem- 
onstrated they  were  entitled  possibly  to 
more  wages  than  other  mechanics  due  to  the 
fact  that  their  work  was  more  hazardous  or 
that  the  work  of  some  of  them  ran  over  a 
period  of  days  during  the  year  longer  than 
some  other  trades. 


"But  we  were  willing,  even  before  we 
went  to  the  umpire,  to  consider  and  to  con- 
tinue a  uniform  rate  for  mechanics  and 
laborers.  After  a  number  of  conferences 
we  decided  through  the  Building  Trades 
Council  and  ourselves  to  refer  the  subject 
matter  to  an  umpire.  You  know  Judge 
Landis  was  practically  agreed  upon  after 
a  duration  of  about  three  weeks'  talk,  in 
which  there  were  possibly  fifty  or  more 
names  submitted  on  both  sides  for  them  to 
pick  a  man  from. 

"Before  submitting  the  matter  to  Judge 
Landis  and  asking  his  consent  to  act  as  an 
umpire,  an  agreement  was  drawn  up  be- 
tween the  Building  Trades  Council  and  the 
Building  Construction  Employers'  associa- 
tion to  have  it  provided  that  all  disputes 
should  be  submitted  to  the  umpire  and  that 
his  decision  should  be  final  and  binding  upon 
all  parties.  He  was  also  asked  to  decide 
the  question  of  wages,  reserving  to  each 
side  the  right  to  put  in  whatever  evidence 
they  chose,  using  such  figures  as  they  felt 
disposed  to  do,  from  the  ground  up.  It 
was  not,  as  has  been  stated  repeatedly,  an 
agreement  that  Judge  Landis  should  decide 
the  rage  rate  as  between  $1  and  $1.25.  He 
was  to  decide  the  wage  rate  from  the  ground 
up,  without  regard  to  any  previous  rate  of 
wages,  either  a  minimum  or  a  maximum. 

"Before  submitting  the  argument  to  Judge 
Land's  in  his  court  room  in  the  early  part 
of  June,  mostly  all,  with  one  or  two  ex- 
ceptions, of  the  unions  affiliated  with  the 
Building  Trades  Council  through  their  arbi- 
tration board,  signed  an  agreement  to  abide 
by  and  be  governed  by  the  decision  of 
Judge  Landis. 

"Possibly  the  labor  organizations  did  not 
believe  that  he  would  make  a  differential 
wage,  but  in  his  judgment  he  considered 
various  working  hours  of  the  different  crafts, 
the  various  conditions  under  which  they 
worked,  the  hazard  of  the  occupation,  the 
time  that  the  men  lost  on  account  of  bad 
weather  conditions,  he  took  that  all  into  con- 
sideration and  when  he  brought  us  into  his 
chambers  on  Sept.  7  and  read  this  long 
document  to  us,  a  good  many  of  the  unions 
of  course  naturally  were  sore  and  disgruntled 
and  disappointed  to  think  that  their  wages 
should  have  been  reduced  from  $1.25  an 
hour  to,  in  some  instances,  85  cents  an  hour. 

"An  explanation  in  regard  to  that  is  the 
fact  that  in  this  award  the  judge  states,  and 
he  did  state  to  us  at  all  the  hearings,  and 
he  would  say,  'Will  you  permit  this  clause 
to  go  into  your  agreement?"  or  'This  clause 
to  go  into  your  agreement?  Now.  mind 
you,  if  you  don't  want  this  in  I  will  have 
to  take  that  into  consideration  in  making 
the  award  of  wages,  because  I  think  in  order 
to  produce  economi.c  conditions  and  satisfac- 
tory working  conditions  for  the  employer 
and  the  building  public  that  these  things 
should  go  ;n.'  Now  the  trades  in  this  agree- 
ment and  his  wage  award  that  got  the  top 
notch  arc  the  trades  that  practically  acceded 
to  all  the  terms  and  conditions  which  he 


asked  them  to  put  in  their  agreements,  and 
the  trades  that  hollered  a  lot  instead  of  get- 
ting $1.10  per  hour  were  penalized  because 
they  refused  to  accede  to  his  request  to  put 
in  those  conditions  which  he  wanted  to 
safeguard  the  interests  of  the  building  pub- 
lic. We  have  told  these  unions  since  that 
time  that  in  our  judgment  and  estimation 
all  they  had  to  do  was  to  go  up  before  the 
judge  at  the  time  set  by  him  to  receive 
petitions  and  tell  him  they  were  willing  to 
go  along  with  the  recommendations  that  he 
made  and  he  probably  would,  as  he  said  in 
his  statement  here,  grant  them  new  con- 
ditions. 

"Since  the  judge  has  made  his  award  a 
number  of  trades  have  seen  fit  to  go  out  on 
strike.  The  carpenters  were  not  in  the 
arbitration,  but  the  judge  in  his  decision 
makes  a  recommendation  that  if  they  accept 
the  provisions  of  the  agreement  containing 
the  conditions  which  he  suggests,  that  he 
recommends  that  they  receive  a  wage  rate 
of  $1  per  hour.  He  does  the  same  thing 
with  the  sheet  metal  workers  and  with  the 
painters  and  with  another  trade.  None  of 
those  trades  have  seen  fit  to  go  along  with 
the  suggestion,  to  accept  it  in  any  way  at 
all,  and  even  a  number  of  the  trades  who 
have  agreed  to  go  along  with  the  umpire  in 
his  decision  have  been  out  on  a  strike  almost 
continuously  since  that  day,  necessitating 
the  two.  organizations  of  employers  to  com- 
bine their  strength,  making  a  published 
statement  of  the  fact  that  they  are  support- 
ing in  every  respect  the  wages,  the  decision 
and  the  suggestions  of  Judge  Landis,  and 
we  have  gone  to  the  trouble  of  posting  on 
all  buildings  which  we  are  constructing 
throughout  the  city  signs  to  the  effect  that 
this  job  is  proceeding  under  the  decision  and 
award  respecting  wages  as  made  by  Judge 
Landis.  We  are  today  endeavoring  with  the 
co-operation  of  our  two  associations,  work- 
ing in  harmony,  to  try  to  make  building 
construction  work  in  the  city  of  Chicago 
go  under  that  plan.  We  are  asking  the  pub- 
lic, and  you  are  the  public,  whom  Judge 
Landis  was  so  particular  to  talk  about  and 
so  desirous  of  protecting,  we  are  asking  you 
to  support  Judge  Land:s,  as  the  building 
public,  the  two  employers'  associations  in 
this  effort  to  obtain  for  Chicago  satisfac- 
tory working  conditions,  and  to  keep  them 
in  order  that  we  may  be  able  to  proceed 
with  construction  work  for  the  benefit  of  the 
public  and  the  benefit  of  our  great  industry 
and  our  great  city." 


"WORLD    TRADE    DIRECTORY 


The  eighteenth  annual  edition  of  the  In- 
ternational Trade  Developer  World  Trade 
Directory  for  1921,  published  by  the  Inter- 
national Trade  Developer,  Inc.,  of  Chicago, 
111.,  is  now  in  circulation.  It  is  a  compre- 
hensive, compact  buyers'  and  sellers'  guide 
and  contains  announcements  from  the  lead- 
ing firms  throughout  the  world. 


NEWS  OF  INDUSTRIAL 

DEVELOPMENT  PLANS 

Chicago  is  to  have  a  new  packing  concern 
known  as  the  Butcher's  Packing  Co.,  which 
will  be  incorporated  shortly  and  begin  busi- 
ness. The  company  has  purchased  from 
Walter  J.  Stein  91,000  sq.  ft.  in  38th  place 
between  Morgan  and  Gage  sts.  and  extend- 
ing through  to  38th  St.,  for  an  indicated 
$407,500,  subject  to  $147,500.  The  property 
is  improved  with  a  three-story  packing 
plant  with  switch  tracks  covering  two- 
thirds  of  the  lot  and  was  formerly  occupied 
by  the  Siegel-Hechinger  Packing  Pro- 
vision Co. 

The  National  Stamping  and  Electric 
Works  has  purchased  the  plant  machinery 
and  equipment  of  the  Lindstrom-Smith  Co., 
manufacturers  of  electrical  specialties,  lo- 
cated at  3213-3240  W.  Lake  st.  The  sum  of 
$230,000  was  paid  for  the  plant  and  equip- 
ment. The  property  has  a  frontage  of  405 
feet  on  Lake  st.  with  a  depth  of  130  feet, 
and  the  east  2^0x130  feet  is  improved  with 
a  new  one-story  factory  building.  The  new 
owners  contemplate  the  erection  of  an 
addition  on  the  remaining  property  esti- 
mated to  cost  about  $60,000.  Hart  &  Whet- 
ston  were  the  brokers  in  the  transaction. 

The  Oil  &  Chemical  Corporation  has  pur- 
chased from  the  Reedy  Foundry  Co.  the 
foundry  and  warehouse  property  on  Kil- 
patrick  ave.  between  Walton  and  Iowa  sts., 
228x504  feet  in  extent,  for  an  indicated 
$100,000.  The  company  is  making  prepara- 
tions for  the  enlargement  and  remodeling 
of  the  plant  now  located  on  a  part  of  the 
property  purchased  and  expects  to  convert 
it  into  one  of  the  largest  and  best  equipped 
petroleum  product  plants  in  this  section. 
Rudolph  R.  Rosenbaum,  chemical  engineer, 
is  president  of  the  new  corporation,  and 
Wm.  H.  Reedy,  formerly  president  of  the 
Reedy  Foundry  Co.,  is  treasurer. 

The  Silica  Brick  &  Engineering  Co., 
manufacturers  of  slag  brick,  with  a  large 
plant  in  the  Clearing  Industrial  district, 
have  made  provisions  for  the  expansion  of 
their  business  to  include  the  production  of 
roofing  tile.  To  provide  for  this  addition 
they  have  leased  from  the  Winchester  Re- 
peating Arms  Co.  the  building  at  5821  W. 
66th  st.  erected  during  the  war  for  the 
manufacture  of  clay  pigeons.  The  building 
is  two  and  one  stories  high  with  a  total 
floor  area  of  13,500  sq.  ft.,  served  by  a 
switch  track  from  the  Belt  railway  of  Chi- 
cago. The  lease  runs  for  a  period  of  ten 
years  one  and  one-half  months  at  a  total 
rental  of  approximately  $50,000  for  the 
term.  All  parties  of  the  transaction  were 
represented  by  Louis  B.  Beardslee  &  Co. 

The  Pulverized  Manure  Co.  has  pur- 
chased twenty  acres  at  79th  st.  and  the  In- 
diana Harbor  Belt  railroad,  through  Louis 
B.  Beardslee  &  Co.  The  property  lies 
directly  south  of  the  Clearing  Industrial 
district. 

The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  plans 
the  erection  of  a  new  west  side  warehouse 
and  service  station.  From  Miss  Delia  F. 
Dahm  and  Henrietta  S.  Wurts  the  company 
has  leased  the  building  under  construction 
at  1021-1035  W.  Adams  St.,  between  Aber- 
deen and  Morgan  sts.,  on  property  82x129. 
The  lease  runs  for  a  period  of  twenty  years 
at  a  total  rental  for  the  term  of  $240.000,  in 
addition  to  which  the  company  will  pay 
insurance.  Paul  C.  Loeber  &  Co.  nego- 
tiated the  lease. 

An  indication  of  the  revival  of  building 
locally  which  will  contribute  to  the  relief  of 
housing  shortage  is  the  announcement  this 
week  that  Plotke  &  Crosby,  building  oper- 
ators, plan  the  immediate  erection  of  ten 
42-apartment  buildings  on  North  Kenil- 
worth  ave.,  one  block  west  from  Sheridan 
road.  From  the  Wm.  M.  Devine  estate 
they  have  acquired  the  property  fronting 
386  feet  on  Sheridan  road,  extending  west 


The  Mill  of  the 
Sterling  Yards 


A   Good  Word  for  Good  Work 


:::::. 


—•  —  • 

„„!,,«.    »  •"'   "   '"'   "   "   "• 


Let  MS  show  you  how  well  we  can  take  care  of  your  orders  for 
Lumber  and  Millwork — in  quality,  price  and  service. 


Main  Office,  Yard  and 

Branch:  104th  St  and' 


-Halsted  to  Peoria  Sts. 
Ave. 


68 


CHICAGO   COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Desks,  Chairs,  Files,  Safes  —  Everything! 

OFFICE  FUNITURE 

Think  of— 

Blofec^V&nnekc  Co, 

IF  you  need  complete  new  office  equipment,  we  advise 
you  to  go  through  Globe-Wernicke's  building  —  from  the 
sixth  floor  to  the  first.  Then  you  can  choose  intelligently 
the  amount  and  quality  of  furniture  you  need  at  the  price 
you  wish  to  pay.  It  is  just  as  wise  to  come  here  if  your 
need  is  only  an  ashtray  or  an  inkwell.  Ours  is  the  most  ex- 
tensive and  complete  assortment  in  Chicago.  The  most 
inexpensive  type  of  office  equipment  and  the  most  luxurious, 
under  one  roof.  Don't  spend  time  going  from  place  to  place 
in  a  vain  search  for  special  values  —  they  are  right  here. 
Everybody  knows  Globe-  Wernicke  Furniture. 


Phone  Main  3068:  a  representative  will  call. 


Co. 


Manufacturers  of  Office  Furniture,  "Built-to-Endure" 
168-170-172  West  Monroe  St.— Near  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago 


BUREAU  OF 
CANADIAN  INFORMATION 

The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway, 
through  its  Bureau  of  Cana- 
dian Information,  will  fur- 
nish you  with  the  latest  reli- 
able information  on  every 
phase  of  industrial  and  agri- 
cultural development  in  Can- 
ada. In  the  Reference  Libra- 
ries maintained  at  Chicago, 
New  York  and  Montreal,  is 
complete  data  on  natural  re- 
sources, climate,  labor,  trans- 
portation, business  openings, 
etc.,  in  Canada.  Additional 
data  is  constantly  being 
added. 

No  charge  or  obligation  attaches  to  this  service. 
Business  organizations  are  invited  to  make  use  of  it. 

THE  CANADIAN  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 
Department  of  Colonization  and  Development 


Chicago 
165  East  Ontario  St. 


Montreal,  P.  0- 
335  Windsor  Station 


New  York 
1270  Broadway 


to  Glenwood  ave.  with  a  frontage  on  this 
street  of  372  feet,  and  running  from  Estes 
ave.  north  to  Kenilworth  ave.  with  a  front- 
age of  550  feet  on  Estes  ave.  and  600  feet  on 
Kenilworth  ave.,  for  a  total  consideration 
of  $300,000.  Plotke  &  Crosby  have  sold  to 
a  syndicate  represented  by  Kelly,  Burns, 
Daly  and  Fitzgerald  the  frontage  on  Sheri- 
dan road,  and  upon  the  remainder  of  the 
plot  fronting  Kenilworth  and  Estes  aves. 
will  construct  the  apartment  buildings  at  a 
total  estimated  cost  of  $2,500,000. 


AD.  COUNCIL  NOTES 


Homer  J.  Buckley  spoke  Tuesday  noon 
at  the  meeting  of  the  direct  mail  and  house 
organ  departmental  of  the  Advertising 
council  in  the  Morrison  hotel.  His  subject 
was  "The  cash  value  of  direct  mail  adver- 
tising." Announcement  was  made  at  the 
meeting  of  the  coming  convention  of  the 
Direct  Mail  Advertising  association  at 
Springfield,  Mass. 

Members  of  the  advertising  specialty  de- 
partmental of  the  Advertising  Council  at- 
tended a  dinner  Wednesday  evening  in  the 
Hotel  Sherman  given  by  the  board  of  direc- 
tors of  the  National  Association  of  Ad- 
vertising Specialty  Manufacturers.  The 
speakers  included  Dr.  Arthur  Holmes, 
president  of  Drake  university,  Montaville 
Flowers  of  Pasedena,  Cal.,  and  Dr.  Charles 
Aubrey  Eaton  of  New  York. 

H.  C.  Beaver,  treasurer  of  the  Rolls- 
Royce  company  of  America,  has  been  ap- 
pointed chairman  of  the  Publicity  Club  of 
Springfield's  committee  in  charge  of  enter- 
tainment at  the  Direct  Mail  Advertising 
association  convention  an-d  exposition, 
which  will  be  held  in  Springfield,  Mass., 
October  25-26-27-28.  Mr.  Beaver's  com- 
mittee is  planning  an  extremely  elaborate 
entertainment  as  a  feature  of  the  big  gather- 
ing. 

K.  K.  Bell,  general  manager  of  the  Calu- 
met Baking  Powder  Co.,  was  the  speaker  at 
the  luncheon  of  the  National  Advertisers 
departmental  of  the  Advertising  Council  in 
the  Morrison  hotel  on  Thursday.  Mr.  Bell 
spoke  on  "National  advertisers  and  present 
day  conditions." 

Frank  Bacon,  the  actor  who  is  starring 
in  the  current  play  "Lightnin',"  now  at  the 
Blackstone  theatre,  will  speak  at  a  general 
meeting  of  the  Advertising  Council  next 
Thursday  noon,  October  6,  in  the  Cameo 
Room  of  the  Morrison  Hotel. 


PEARL  TRADE  DULL 


Pearling,  formerly  one  of  the  principal 
industries  of  the  South  Seas,  has  fallen 
upon  dead  days  because  of  the  unsettled 
conditions  throughout  the  world.  All  pearl- 
ing boats  at  Thursday  Island  are  laid  up 
and  at  Broome,  western  Australia,  only 
about  100  boats  instead  of  400  are  work- 
ing. A  contributing  cause  of  the  diminu- 
tion of  activities  is  the  failure  of  Germany 
and  Russia  to  purchase  a  great  amount  of 
the  pearl  shell,  as  they  did  prior  to  the 
war. 


SCHOOLS   IN   CANADA 


Prince  Edward  Island,  Canada's  smallest 
province,  has  a  school  to  every  4.6  square 
miles.  There  are  476  schools  on  the  island, 
Quebec,  with  an  area  of  706,834  square  miles, 
has  a  school  to  every  97.4  square  miles,  but 
a  large  part  of  the  province  is  practically 
uninhabited. 


October  1,  1921] 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


69 


BEAUTIFUL 

NORTH  SHORE 

FARM 

Consisting  of  283  acres  of  rich 
black  soil,  located  six  miles  north 
of  Waukegan,  one  hour's  ride 
from  Chicago  on  the  North- 
western Railroad. 


It  is  well  fenced  and  drained,  has  large 
comfortable  house,  stock  barns,  two  silos, 
hay  barn,  hog  house,  granaries,  milk 
house,  chicken  houses,  implement  and 
tool  sheds,  good  wells  and  other  improve- 
ments. 


P.  J.  SEXTON,  Owner 

112  W.  Adams  Street,  Room  703 
Tel.  Randolph  529 


THE  CENTRAL  FURNITURE 
PACKING  Co. 


WILLIAM  K.  MILLER 
President 


Packing  and  Shipping 


OF 


Household  Goods 


AND 


Office  Furniture 

A  Specialty 


724 

First  National 

Bank  Building 


Phone 

Randolph 

5180 


Estimates  given 


WILL  TAKE  CENSUS  OF 

HIGHWAYS  OF  COUNTRY 


A  census  of  urban  and  rural  highways  in 
the  United  States  is  to  be  taken  by  the 
Bureau  of  Public  Roads.  The  data  col- 
lected will  include  mileage,  character  and 
extent  of  improvement,  expense  of  con- 
struction and  maintenance.  Similar  sur- 
veys but  not  as  expensive  were  made  by  the 
bureaus  in  1904,  1909  and  1914. 

The  present  survey  differs  from  those  of 
the  previous  years  in  that  it  will  not  only 
embrace  the  rural  roads,  outsi-de  of  incor- 
porated villages  and  cities,  but  also  the 
urban  highways,  such  as  streets,  roads  and 
alleys  inside  of  all  incorporated  places  hav- 
ing a  population  of  2,500  or  more. 

The  need  of  such  a  survey  is  most  urgent, 
says  the  bureau  in  outlining  the  contem- 
plated survey.  The  whole  matter  of  federal 
cooperation  in  road  construction  is  now  un- 
der consideration  in  Congress.  While  there 
are  a  number  of  conflicting  opinions  as  to 
the  methods  that  should  be  adopted  by  the 
government,  it  is  practically  certain  that 
future  federal  participation  will  be  limited 
to  a  small  percentage  of  the  roads  of  the 
country.  To  provide  a  basis  for  future 
action  by  the  government,  it  is  imperative 
that  an  accurate  picture  of  the  present  high- 
way situation  be  obtained  both  with  respect 
to  the  whole  field  to  be  covered  and  also  as 
to  the  part  of  the  work  that  has  already 
been  done,  it  is  pointed  out. 

"From  the  standpoint  of  the  states  and 
local  communities  themselves,"  continues 
the  bureau,  "it  is  highly  desirable  to  collect 
for  purposes  of  reference  information  as  to 
the  methods  of  administration  and  financ- 
ing employed  by  every  community.  The 
states  have  set  out  to  build  extensive  state 
road  systems;  counties  and  local  communi- 
ties are  holding  large  amounts  of  bonds  and 
taxing  themselves  to  the  limit  to  raise  funds 
for  the  betterment  of  their  roads. 

"In  the  main,  each  state  and  each  com- 
munity is  proceeding  to  the  solution  of  its 
own  local  problems  with  no  conception  of 
what  the  other  is  doing.  Every  state  and 
every  community  will  gain  by  a  better 
knowledge  of  what  is  being  done  elsewhere, 
particularly  in  respect  to  matters  of  admin- 
istration and  financing.  Common  council  is 
a  wonderful  solvent  of  difficulty,  and  the 
survey  which  is  being  undertaken  will  serve 
as  the  means  for  an  interchange  of  ideas 
which  should  be  most  beneficial  to  each 
community  and  to  the  nation  as  a  whole. 

"The  survey  aims  to  determine  not  only 
how  much  money  we  are  spending  on  our 
roads,  and  from  what  sources  our  road 
revenues  are  derived,  but  also  what  results 
are  obtained  from  these  expenditures.  The 
investigation  will  there  seek  to  determine 
the  total  road  mileage  in  each  county  and 
incorporated  community,  the  mileage  im- 
proved with  each  of  the  several  distinctive 
types  of  surfacing,  the  mileage  under  sys- 
tematic maintenance,  as  well  as  to  what 
extent  the  road  mileage  has  been  classified 
and  the  mileage  embraced  in  such  classified 
systems. 

"That  we  may  know  something  as  to 
whether  the  cost  of  our  roads  is  distributed 
in  accordance  with  the  benefits  derived,  the 
investigation  will  include  a  survey  of  the 
various  sources  from  which  the  funds  are 
derived  for  construction  of  roads,  of 
bridges,  and  also  for  maintenance,  together 
with  the  amount  from  each  source. 

"The  bureau  believes  that,  with  the  total 
annual  road  and  street  expenditures  rapidly 
approaching  the  $1,000,000,000  mark,  it  is 
time  that  the  nation  made  a  careful  survey 
of  the  entire  field  of  public  highway  activi- 
ties." 


MADE  IN  CHICAGO 


WEBBINGS 
UPHOLSTERY 
TRIMMINGS 
DRAPERIES 

MANUFACTURED  BY 

E.L  Mansure  Company 

Sixteenth  and  Indiana  Ave. 


What  About 
The  Gasoline 
You  Use 


Every  motorist  knows  that  all  gasoline 
is  not  alike:  You  have  reasonable  assurance  that  the 
quality  of  most  gasoline  sold  under  a  well  known  trade 
name  will  remain  constant,  but  trouble  creeps  in  where 
you  form  the  habit  of  just  buying  "gas". 

It  is  not  the  idea  of  this  company  to 

claim  that  when  you  notice  a  difference  in  the  quality 
of  your  favorite  gasoline,  that  the  manufacturer  has 
deliberately  tampered  with  his  product.  *  hat  we  do 
mean  to  say  is  that  gasoline  varies  according  to  the 
methods  used  in  its  manufacture,  and  the  raw  material 
from  which  it  is  made. 

This  company  on  account  of  its  im- 
mense resources  can  truthfully  say  that  the  quality 
of  Red  Crown  Gasoline  never  varies. 

It  is  also  well  to  consider  that  the  gaso- 
line to  which  you  have  your  carburetor  adjusted  may 
not  even  be  on  sale  in  the  neit  town  or  state,  that  too 
is  a  source  of  annoyance. 

So  we  say,  what  about  your  gasoline? 
Is  it  always  the  same,  and  can  you  buy  it  everywhere? 

Red  Crown  Gasoline  can  be  bought  every- 
where. Once  your  carburetor  is  adjusted  to  Red  Crown 
there  need  never  be  any  necessity  for  changing,  because 
Red  Crown  can  be  bought  every  few  blocks  in  the  city 
and  every  few  miles  in  the  country,  wherever  you  go, 
and  its  quality  never  changes. 

It  is  a  universal  fuel. 


Standard  Oil  Co. 


CHICAGO 


(Indiana) 


ILLINOIS 


70 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


Business  Is  Waiting 
for  You 

Somewhere,  some  place  in  this  country 
is  some  business  waiting  for  you. 

You  should  know  where  it  is.  If  not, 
use  your  long-distance  telephone.  The 
result  will  be  gratifying. 

The  Bell  System  lines  are  adequate 
to  handle  your  calls.  There  is  no 
unnecessary  delay.  With  improved 
methods  of  transmitting  long-distance 
messages,  you  get  the  same  good  serv- 
ice as  telephoning  to  a  person  a  block 
away. 


Get  acquainted  with  the  money  and  time  saving 
"station  to  station  "  service,  explained  on  Page  12 
of  the  current  issue  of  the  Telephone  Directory 


ILLINOIS  BELL  TELEPHONE   COMPANY 


MANUFACTURERS  seeking  an  advantageous  factory  site  will  do 
well  to  investigate  the  exceptional  facilities  offered  by  Chicago, 
the  great  central  market. 

Its  ideal,  central  location,  its  superb  transportation  facilities  by 
rail  and  water,  its  cheap  electric  power,  leave  nothing  to  be  desired. 

We   will   be   pleased  to   confer   with    manufacturers  desiring  full 
information.     Address  Contract  Department.  72  West  AJams  Street,  Chicago. 


MANY  BRITISH  SHIPS 

USING  PANAMA  CANAL 

Panama  canal  statistics  show  that  British 
shipping  ranks  next  to  that  of  the  United 
States  in  use  of  the  short  cut  between  the 
Atlantic  and  the  Pacific  oceans.  The  fig- 
ures show  everything  that  flies  the  British 
flag,  as  Australia,  New  Zealand  and  other 
dominions,  contributes  materially  to  swell 
the  total.  During  the  fiscal  year  1921,  33 
per  cent  of  all  vessels  passing  through  the 
canal  were  British,  34  per  cent  of  the  total 
net  tonnage  was  British,  and  32  per  cent  of 
all  the  cargo  handled  was  carried  by  British 
tonnage. 

During  the  first  three  years  of  canal  traf- 
fic, 1915,  1916,  and  1917,  British  shipping 
represented  from  41  to  45  per  cent  of  the 
total.  The  relative  decline  is  explained  by 
the  rapid  development  of  American  ship- 
ping during  and  after  the  war  in  Europe. 
The  following  table  shows  the  number  of 
British  vessels  passing  through  the  canal  in 
either  direction  during  the  fiscal  year  since 
the  opening  of  navigation  and  the  relative 
importance  of  British  shipping  in  the  total 
traffic. 

British  shipping  by  fiscal  years,  1915  to 
1921. 

Atlantic    Pacific 

to  to         Total        Total         P.C. 

Pacific.  Atlantic.  British,  all  flags.  British. 

226     339     465 

193     165     358 

371     409     780 

303     396     699 

306     296     608 

393     360     753 

500     472     972 


Year— 

1015  . 

1916  . 

1917  . 

1918  . 

1919  . 

1920  . 

1921  . 


1,088 
787 
1,876 
2  130 
2,025 
2.478 


42 
45 
41 


30 
80 
33 


Total     .  .  2,292        2,337        4,629         18,276  34 

The  development  of  the  traffic  in  the 
early  years  was  retarded  by  slides  in  the 
Gaillard  cut.  The  war  at  first  impeded 
traffic,  and  then  stimulated  it  along  certain 
routes.  This  latter  effect  is  apparent  in  the 
figures,  which  represent  a  temporary  peak. 
During  the  last  three  years  there  has  been 
a  gradual  increase  in  the  number  and  ag- 
gregate tonnage  of  all  vessels  using  the 
canal,  and  a  corresponding  increase  in  ton- 
nage under  the  British  flag,  which  has  main- 
tained its  relative  position.  Approximately 
the  same  number  of  British  vessels  pass  the 
canal  in  either  direction;  but  this  applies  to 
the  aggregate  trade  only.  Over  specific 
trade  routes  there  is  often  a  marked  pre- 
ponderance of  traffic  in  one  direction,  but 
since  the  difference  is  sometimes  on  one 
side  and  sometimes  on  the  other  the  total 
approach  a  balance. 

For  the  period  covered  by  this  statement 
the  most  important  British  trade  served  by 
the  Panama  canal  was  that  between  Europe 
and  Australia  and  New  Zealand,  with  an 
aggregate  cargo  tonnage  for  both  directions 
of  950,000.  Second  place  was  taken  by  the 
trade  between  Europe  and  the  west  coast  of 
South  America  with  747,000  cargo  tons. 
Then  followed  the  trade  between  the  United 
States  and  Australia  and  New  Zealand  with 
506,000  tons;  the  trade  between  the  United 
States  and  the  Far  East  with  451,000  tons; 
and  finally  the  trade  between  Europe  and 
the  west  coast  of  North  America  with 
380,000  tons.  These  five  trade  routes  ac- 
count for  81  per  cent  of  all  the  cargo  car- 
ried through  the  Panama  canal  under  the 
British  flag. 


U.   S.  BIDDERS   LOSE 


The  contract  for  a  bridge  over  the  Yellow 
river  on  the  Peking-Han  Kow  Railway  has 
been  awarded  to  a  Belgian  concern.  Its  bid 
was  $10,500,000.  There  were  four  American 
proposals.  The  bridge  is  to  be  more  than 
a  mile  and  a  half  long. 


October  1,  1921} 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


71 


HIGH  GRADE  PAPERS 
The  Berkshire  Company 

Chicago 


FORT  DEARBORN 
COAL  Co. 

SELLS  AND  SHIPS 
"EFFICIENCY" 

STEAM -MALLEABLE 
AND  GAS  COAL 

—OUR  COAL- 

WILL  GIVE  YOUR  PLANT 
THE  MOST  EFFICIENCY 
AT  THE  LOWEST  COST 

CALL  US,  HARRISON  9790 
OR  WRITE  US 

343  SO.  DEARBORN  STREET 
CHICAGO 


CALIFORNIANS  URGED 

TO  PRODUCE  RAW  SILK 

As  a  result  of  changes  in  the  raw  silk 
market  it  is  claimed  that  the  time  has  come 
when  raw  silk  can  be  produced  successfully 
in  California.  The  fact  has  been  known  for 
years  that  the  silk  worm  thrives  in  the  dry 
interior  valley  of  California  and  an  un- 
usually high  grade  of  fiber  has  been  pro- 
duced there,  but  everything  that  has  been 
done  heretofore  has  been  on  a  small  scale. 
Silk  growing  has  been  a  cottage  proposi- 
tion, but  it  is  maintained  that  it  would  pay 
to  carry  on  operations  on  a  large  scale,  in 
competition  with  the  Chinese,  Japanese  and 
Italian  growers. 

The  reeling,  heretofore,  has  been  done  by 
hand  and  its  high  cost  has  prevented  it 
from  being  taken  up  in  a  big  way.  Accord- 
ing to  a  monthly  review  issued  by  the  Mer- 
cantile Trust  Co.,  of  San  Francisco,  the 
solution  of  the  problems  confronting  the 
raw  silk  producer  is  to  be  found  in  quantity 
production. 

One  of  the  California  public  bodies 
caused  an  investigation  of  the  possibilities 
of  silk  culture  to  be  made,  with  special  ref- 
erence to  the  labor  side,  including  both  cost 
an-d  supply,  and  the  results  were  surprising. 
Made  during  the  war,  and  taking  labor 
costs  at  the  high  rates  then  prevailing,  this 
investigation  showed  that  if  large  planta- 
tions were  established,  properly  equipped 
with  cocooneries,  cocoons  could  be  pro- 
duced with  paid  labor  at  a  cost  far  below 
the  prices  pai-d  by  European  and  Asiatic 
reelers  for  the  cocoons  bought  from  cottage 
growers,  and  that  the  difference  in  cost  of 
cocoons  would  more  than  offset  any  differ- 
ence in  cost  of  labor  in  the  filatures.  Thus 
the  California  sericulturist,  if  he  wishes  to 
grow  cocoons  only,  can  ship  his  crop 
abroad  and  make  a  satisfactory  profit  per 
acre;  or,  if  a  filature  be  operated  in  connec- 
tion with  his  plantation,  he  can  manufac- 
ture and  sell  raw  silk  in  easy  competition 
with  foreign  producers. 

The  aid  offered  by  nature  to  the  seri- 
culturist in  California  is  great.  Owing  to 
the  dryness  of  the  climate  the  worms  thrive 
in  temperatures  fatal  in  more  humid  coun- 
tries, and  the  percentage  of  worms  brought 
to  maturity  is  very  much  greater.  The  resin 
in  the  leaf  grown  on  our  foothills  yields  a 
stronger  filament  than  is  grown  in  the 
Orient,  and  the  average  cocoon  is  heavier 
and  contains  more  silk. 

Since  the  labor  involved  in  reeling  is  pro- 
portionate to  the  length  and  strength  of  the 
filament  contained  in  the  cocoon,  it  follows 
that  more  silk  per  operative  can  be  reeled 
in  a  given  time  from  California  cocoons 
than  can  be  made  abroad,  and  this  helps  to 
span  any  difference  in  wages.  The  investi- 
gation mentioned  above  included  the  reel- 
ing of  many  samples  of  Chinese  and  Japa- 
nese cocoons,  and  the  difference  in  yiel-d  be- 
tween some  of  these  samples  and  California 
cocoons  ran  in  some  instances  to  over  700 
per  cent. 

Unfortunately,  sericulture  has  always 
been  regarded  as  a  poor  man's  game,  re- 
quiring no  capital  and  no  plant  other  than 
a  few  mulberry  trees.  While  this  may  serve 
in  countries  where  the  growers  are  satisfied 
with  exceedingly  small  returns  for  their 
labor,  and  where  the  work  is  carried  on  as 
one  of  many  of  the  househol-d  tasks,  in  this 
country  only  the  large  scale  plantation  and 
filature,  requiring  large  investment  and 
quantity  methods  of  production,  will  suc- 
ceed. 


The  Teutonic,  the  big  White  Star  liner 
which  for  thirty  years  was  engaged  on  At- 
lantic passenger  service,  has  been  sold  to  a 
D.utch  firm  and  is  being  taken  to  Rotter- 
dam to  be  broken  up. 


ACCURACY 

A  COMPREHENSIVE 
*»  understanding  of  the 
consumer's  needs  for  lumber, 
acquired  by  long  experience  and 
constant  practice  in  extending 
a  "super-service"  to 
take  care  of  them,  requires  no 
further  justification  for  our 
great  desire  to  serve  you. 
For  a  period  of  twenty-eight 
years,  we  have  led  all  com- 
petition in  applying  modern 
merchandising  methods  to  the 
best  of  .all  sales  work,  in  dis- 
tributing our  manufactured 
lumber  and  kindred  products 
in  the  world's  markets.  Thruout 
that  interval  we  have  constant- 
ly and  continuously  sought  to 
secure  and  retain  public  confi- 
dence in  our  ability  to  meet 
every  practical  demand  for  our 
forest  products.  Every 
moment,  every  hour,  every  day, 
of  that  time  has  been  devoted 
to  the  attainment  of  an  ideal 
and  that  ideal  has  been  to  meet 
your  needs  and  your  wants 
for  lumber  with  convincing 
accuracy. 

From  our  great  storage  yards 
at  Lincoln  Street  a  n  d  Blue 
Island  Avenue,  the  largest 
lumber  yards  in  the  world, 
where  we  carry  in  stock  up- 
wards of  sixty  million  feet  of  all 
kinds  of  lumber  from  A  2x4 — 4' 
to  A  30x30—100'  and  from  our 
numerous  branch  yards  con- 
veniently located  thruout  the 
city,  we  have  unsurpassed 
facilities  for  taking  care  of 
every  practical  need  for  lumber 
of  all  kinds.  No  order  is  too 
small  to  commend  it  to  our  most 
careful  attention;  no  order  is 
too  large  to  render  its  prompt 
execution  doubtful. 
Tell  us  what  you  want;  let  us  have 
your  lumber  list  today. — Don't  delay. 

EDWARD  HINES 
LUMBER 


Edward  Mines.  Presl  l-  ^  J""1.  »«t-ft«t 

a,  T    , ,  .      .  „         PA     H.SDewty.Assl.  lo  Viet- 

M.W.Teufel.Assl.loPre  I     I  p,,.,,     " 

C  F.  Wiehe,  S«'y.  V'V>    Edward 's.Thomi., Treat. 

Main  Yards,  Lincoln  Street  South  of 

Blue  Island  Ave. 

Bran  h  Yards  in  All  Parts  of  the  City 
Telephone ;  Canal  349 


72 


CHICAGO    COMMERCE 


[Saturday 


MUED.ER  CONSTRUCTION  CO. 


General  Contractors 


NOW 

is  the  time  to 

BUILD 


MUELLER  CONST.  CO. 

179  W.  Washington  Street 

CHICAGO 


HERMAN  H.  HETTLER 
LUMBER  Co. 

2601  ELSTON  AVENUE 
CHICAGO 

Telephone  Humboldt  200 

LUMBER 

All  Kinds  for  Manufacturing,  also 

Building  and  Construction 

Purposes 


Yellow  Pine  and  Fir  Timbers- 
Our  Specialty 

Kiln  Dried  Hardwood 
Flooring 


WORLD  TRADE  CLUB 

Mathew  Hale,  president  of  the  South 
Atlantic  Maritime  Corporation,  and  Cap- 
tain William  H.  Stayton,  president  of  the 
Baltimore  Steamship  Corporation,  will 
speak  on  the  subject  of  "Our  Merchant 
Marine"  at  the  meeting  of  the  Chicago 
World  Trade  Club,  Tuesday  noon,  Oct. 
4,  at  the  Great  Northern  hotel.  Both  men 
are  members  of  the  National  Merchant 
Marine  association  and  are  firm  advo- 
cates of  a  merchant  marine  under  the 
American  flag  adequate  to  the  needs  of 
our  country  in  peace  and  in  war. 


ODDITIES  ABOUND  IN 

PALESTINE'S  DESERTS 

The  following  summary  of  commercial 
conditions  in  Palestine  is  printed  in  Com- 
merce Reports,  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce: 

Despite  newspaper  articles  and  rumors  as 
to  the  projects  to  be  undertaken  in  Pales- 
tine by  the  English  government  and  the 
Zionist  commission,  the  country  is  unpre- 
pared for  great  developments.  Although 
traces  of  oil  have  been  found  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Dead  sea,  there  are  as  yet  no  pro- 
ducing wells.  However,  a  New  York  com- 
pany is  preparing  to  drill  on  its  concessions 
around  the  southwestern  part  of  the  Dead 
sea. 

Because  of  the  wild  character  of  the 
country  and  the  hostile  attitude  of  the 
Bedouin  tribes,  little  prospecting  or  survey- 
ing has  been  done  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Dead  sea.  The  known  minerals  of  the  coun- 
try are  sulphur,  iron,  some  coal,  and  large 
salt  deposits.  Salt  is  extracted  from  the 
waters  of  the  Dead  sea,  and  in  addition 
there  is  a  mountain  of  salt,  some  2,000  feet 
beneath  the  surface  at  the  southeastern  end 
of  the  Dead  sea,  which,  according  to  tradi- 
tion, is  the  Biblical  city  of  Sodom. 

Bitumen  is  found  in  small  quantities  float- 
ing on  the  Dead  sea  and  is  collected  by  the 
Bedouins.  Formerly  the  exports  amounted 
to  approximately  50  tons  a  year,  most  of 
which  went  to  Germany  and  was  used  in 
the  glazing  of  patent  leather. 

Two  interesting  limestone  shales  impreg- 
nated with  oil  are  found  in  Palestine  in  the 
Yarmuk  valley  and  along  the  northwestern 
coast  of  the  Dead  sea.  During  the  war  the 
Germans  extracted  oil  from  the  stones  in 
both  these  localities.  It  is  doubtful  whether 
the  extraction  could  be  made  economically 
at  the  present  time  for  commercial  uses,  but 
it  is  possible  that  by  a  baking  and  distillins 
process  a  gas  could  be  obtained  that  would 
solve  the  heating  problem  of  the  country. 


FARMS  FOR  A  MILLION 


Australians  are  discussing  a  scheme  pro- 
posed by  Sir  Joseph  Carruthers,  Australian 
publicist  and  financier,  for  the  settling  of 
1,000,000  English  tillers  of  the  soil  upon 
1,000,000  farms  in  Australia  through  the 
creation  of  a  fund  of  $150,000,000  to  be 
raised  in  equal  proportion  by  Australia  and 
Great  Britain.  He  argued  that  the  scheme 
would  permit  the  emigration  to  Australia 
of  a  large  number  of  the  unemployed  ex- 
service  men  of  the  kingdom  to  some  of  the 
richest  land  in  the  world,  which  as  yet  has 
never  felt  a  ploughshare.  Me  said  it  would 
be  better  for  the  United  Kingdom  to  sup- 
port such  a  scheme  than  to  build  warships 
in  contemplation  of  Australia's  danger 
should  the  Pacific  become  a  war  zone. 


The  New 

"Way  to  Ship" 

Published  by 

The  Chicago 
Association  of  Commerce 

is  the  only 

RIGHT 

WAY  TO  SHIP 

See  that  your  shipping  office  uses  it 


Have  your  I.  c.  I.  merchandise 
loaded  in  the  right  cars  and 
avoid  unnecessary  transfer 
and  delay. 


Notice 


/TVHE  current  sup- 
-*•  plement  to  Six- 
teenth Edition  of 
"Way  To  Ship," 
published  by  the 
Association  of  Com- 
merce, is  now  being 
mailed  to  users. 
Be  sure  that  you 
receive  a  copy. 

See  that  your  ship- 
pijig  office  posts  the 
corrections. 


Sro53^SS^%5MK2ffl^l^g^S^ 


A  Printer  Is  as  Good  as  His 
Equipment  Plus  His  Organization 


0;i«  of  the  largest  an d  most  completely  e<;  nipped 
printing  plants  in  the  Untied  States 


Our  Equipment  includes  the  latest  and 
most  efficient  time-saving  machinery — 
Linotypes,  Monotypes,  Color  and  U.  P.  M. 
Presses,  Type-casting  Machines,  and  com- 
plete facilities  for  Binding  and  Mailing. 

Our  Organization  is  composed  of  men 
and  women  who  are  experts  in  their  Work, 
and  who  are  intelligent  enough  to  realize 
that  your  interests  are  as  important  as  their 
poc^etboo^s.  That  guarantees  Quality! 

Our  Plant  is  in  operation  day  and  night 
12  months  a  year — constantly  turning  out 
worl^  for  firm*  oil  over  the  United  States. 
That  guarantees  Delivery! 

Our  up-to-date  labor-saving  facilities 
and  the  efficiency  of  our  management  enable 
us  to  ta^e  advantage  of  every  possible  turn 
of  the  market  and  figure  closely  on  materials. 
That  guarantees  a  Fair  Price. 

Thus,  we  are  right  on  Quality,  Delivery 
and  Price  ! 

In  addition,  me  offer  you  entry  possible  help  in  obtaining  cata- 
logue compilers,  aicertising  assistance,  editors,  copy-writer*, 
and  everything  else  necessary  to  the  promotion,  preparation, 
printing  and  mailing  of  your  catalogue  or  publication 


SPECIALISTS  IN  THE  ART  OF  CATALOGUE  and  PUBLICATION  PRINTING  FOR  MORE  THAN  THIRTY  YEARS 

Printing  Products  Corporation 


Phone 

Local  and  Long  Distance 
Walash  3381 


Formerly  ROGERS  &  HALL  CO. 

Catalogue  and  Publication 
PRINTERS 

Artists     ::     Enjratcrs     ::     Llectroiypers 


Polt  and  La  Salic  Streets 
CHICAGO 


From  News-Pamphlet 
to  Chicago  Newspaper  Leadership 
Since  the  Great  Fire   of  1871 


Founded  less  than  fifty  years  ago,  when  Chicago 
was  rising  from  its  ruins  and  ashes,  The  Daily 
News  has  measured  its  own  growth  by  that  of 
the  city  of  which  it  has  been  a  part.  Stride  for 
stride  it  has  marched  abreast  of  the  industries, 
the  commerce,  the  influx  of  capital  and  the 
growing  population  which  have  made  Chicago 
the  Wonder  City  of  the  Country. 

The  Daily  News  has  prospered  in  Chicago's 
prosperity  because  for  forty-five  years  it  has 
been,  in  a  real  sense,  a  very  part  of  Chicago 
itself. 

For  many  years — :and  to-day — measured  by  all 
the  authoritative  statistics  of  daily  newspaper 
circulation  and  advertising, 


THE  DAILY  NEWS 

Is  First  in  Chicago 


